Sprague Dawley 수컷 랏트에서 Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether의 경구 투여에 의한 급성 독성

임재언,양윤정,이태진,홍연표 대한산업의학회 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.4

목적: 본 연구는 BADGE의 경구 투여에 의한 급성 독성학적 연구를 수행하여 기존의 연구 결과를 확인하고 추후 내분비계 장애 연구에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 하였다. 방법: 수컷 SD 랏트에 0, 1000, 2000, 4000과 8000 mg/kg/day의 BADGE와 DES 0.37 mg/kg/day의 농도를 단회 경구로 투여한 후 14일간 일반 증상 등을 관찰하였고 14일 후 부검하였다. 결과: BADGE를 투여한 모든 군에서 투여 후 3일째에 설사와 다른 일반 증상들이 관찰되었고 체중도 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 8000 mg/kg/day의BADGE를 투여한 랏트에서 투여 후 3일째에 대조군에 비해 유의한 수준으로 체중이 감소하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 일부 BADGE 투여군에서 대조군에 비해 심장(1000, 2000과 4000 mg/kg/day), 간(1000, 2000, 4000과 8000 mg/kg/day)과 전립샘(4000 mg/kg/day)의 무게의 감소가 관찰되었다. BADGE 투여군의 간(1000과 4000 mg/kg/day)과 전립샘(8000 mg/kg/day) 의 상대 무게가 대조군과 차이를 보였다. 고환을 제외한 모든 장기에서 조직학적인 변화는 관찰되지 않았으며 고환에서는 세 정관에서 정자세포의 감소가 관찰되었다. 고환과 부고환의 sperm head 수를 보면, 고환에서만 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 정자의 운동성과 기형은 대조군과 차이가 없었다. 혈장 에스트로겐과 테스토스테론 농도는 대조군과 모든 투여군 간의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: BADGE를 랏트에 경구 투여 하였을 때 1000 mg/kg/day의 수준에서도 일반 독성 및 생식독성을 유발시킬 수 있음을 보여준다. Objectives: Bisphenol A Di Glycidyl Ether (BADGE) is the major component in commercial liquid epoxy resins, which are manufactured by co-reacting bisphenol A with epichlorohydrin. The authors investigated the acute toxicity of BADGE. Methods: BADGE was administered by a gavage to 8 week old SPF Sprague Dawley rats in a single dose of 0 (negative control), 0.37 (Diethylstilbesterol, DES), 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg/kg/day of BADGE. Each treatment group contained 7 rats. The general status and weight of the rats were observed for 14 days. The rats were anesthetized by ether at 14 days, and the changes in morphology, organ weight, sperm count and motility, and hormone level were measured. Results: All the rats treated with BADGE had diarrhea on the 1st day. The rats administered BADGE at 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg/day showed a soiled perineal region and soft stools with diarrhea until the 3rd day. The 8000 mg/kg/day BADGE rats had diarrhea for two days followed by emaciation, soiled fur, a soiled perineal region, staining around the mouth and were moribund for three to eight days. No weight gain was observed after the 1st day in the 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg/kg/day BADGE rats and after the 7th day in all the treatment groups compared with the control groups. Some treatment groups were observed to have a decrease in the weight of the heart (BADGE 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg/kg/day), liver (BADGE 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 mg/kg/day) and prostate (BADGE 4000 mg/kg/day) compared with control group. The weight of the liver was significantly lower in all treatment groups compared with the control group. The relative weight of the liver (BADGE 1000 and 4000 mg/kg/day) was significant lower than the control. No pathological changes were observed in the brain, liver, thyroid, heart, spleen, kidney, lung and prostate. The number of spermatid in the seminiferous tubule in the testes was lower in all treatment groups than the control. The sperm motility tended to decrease with increasing concentration but the sperm count was similar in all treatment groups. The plasma Estrogen and testosterone level were similar in the control and treatment groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that BADGE induces general, hepatic and reproductive toxicity at 1000 mg/kg/day.

한국 근해안강망어업의 조석에 따른 주간 어황변동 추세 분석

김진영,황진수,임양재,홍승현,연인자,황학진,김지연 한국수산자원학회 2003 한국수산자원학회지 Vol.6 No.-

조류의 강세에 의존하여 조업이 이루어지는 근해안 강망어업의 어황이 조석에 따라 어떻게 변동하는지를 연구하기 위하여 1994년부터 1996년까지 주간 어획량, 조업척수, 척당어획량의 자료를 판매량이 증가하는 조금 전후와 그 반대의 현상이 나타나는 사리 등으로 구분하여 시계열분석기벅으로 장기변동추세를 분석하였다. 단계별 구분에 따른 어획량에 대한 분석결과, 3단계 구분에서 전체적으로 모형의 적합도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 3단계로 구분한 경우의 어획량은 조금에 (1-0.6891B+2.1168B²)(1-B)Z₁=(1-0.9730B)a_(?) 사리에 Z_(t)=(1+0.41659B)a_(t₁) 중간물에 (1+1.38253B+0.63391B²)Z₁-(1+1.15390B+0.64547B²)Z₁-(1+1.15390B+0.64547B²)a_(t)로 표현되었으며, 조업척수는 조금에 (1-0.19699B)Z₁=(1-0.66259B)a_(t?) 사리에 (1+0.45672B)Z₁=1+0.006094B)a_(t?) 중간물에(1.0.74814B) Z₁=((1-0.21476b)a_(t)로 표현되었다. 척당어획량은 조금에 (1-0.54709B+0.26967B^(6))Z_(t)=a_(t₁) 사리에 (1-0.26622B-0.28067B^(6))(1+0.45081B^(8))Z_(t)=(I+0.21652B^(15))a 중간물에 (1-0.23881B-0.10487B^(5))Z_(t)=a_(t)로 나타낼 수 있었다. Z_(t)는 시간 t에서의 어획량, 조업척수, 척당 어획량을 나타낸다. B는 후향연산자 로서 ㅇ?P를 들면 B^(d)를 Z_(t)에 작용시키면 Z_(t-d)이 된다. A seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) time series model was applied to the weekly prediction of landings. number of operating boats and catches per unit effort of large stow net fisheries as ebb and flow in Korean wafers for 1994-1996. The estimated seasonal ARIMA models are presented as the fellowing equations:(1-0.6891B+2.1168B²)(1-B)Z₁=(1-(0.9730B)a₁ at the neap tides. Z₁=(1+0.41659B)a₁ at the spring tides, and (1+1.38253B+0.63391B²) Z₁=(1+1.15390B+0.64547B²)a₁ at the middle tides between the neap tide and the spring tide fer landings.(1-0.19699B) Z₁=(1-0.662593)a₁ at the neap tides. (1+0.45672B) Z₁=(1+D.0.006094B)a₁ at the spring tides, and (1-0.74814B) Z₁=(1-0.214766)a₁ at the middle tides between the neap tide and the spring tide for the number or operating boats, and(1-0.54709B+0.26967B)Z₁=a₁at the neap tides, (1-0.26622B-0.28067B^(6))(1+0.45081B^(8)) Z₁=(1+0.21652B^(15))a₁ at the spring tides, and (1-0.23881B-0.10487B^(5)) Z₁=a₁t the middle tides between the neap tide and the spring tide for the catch per unit efforts, where: :Z_(t)=the value at week t: B^(D)=a backward shift operator that is used as follows: B^(D)Z_(t)=-Z_(t-p); and a_(t)=error term at week t. The prediction error by the Box-Cox transformation on weekly landings, number of operating boats and CPUB of stow net in Korea were less than that by the Iogarithmic transformation.

순차적 크리깅기법을 이용한 미소혼합기의 최적화

박재용,유진식,황승민,임민규,오영규,김용대,한석영,맹주성 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

An active micro-mixer, which is composed of an oscillating micro-stirrer in the micro-channel to provide effective mixing was optimized. The effects of molecular diffusion and disturbance by the stirrer were considered with regard to two types of mixer models: the simple straight micro-channel and micro-channel with an oscillating stirrer. Two types of mixer models were studied by analyzing mixing behaviors such as their interaction after the stirrer. The mixing was calculated by Lattice Boltzmann methods using the D2Q9 model. In this study, the time-averaged mixing index formula was used to estimate the mixing performance of time-dependent flow. The mixing indices of the two models were compared. From the results, it was found that the mixer with an oscillating stirrer was much more enhanced' and stabilized. Therefore, an approximate optimization of an active micro-mixer with an oscillating stirrer was performed using Kriging method with OLHD (Optimal Latin Hypercube Design) in order to determine the optimal design variables. The design parameters were established as the frequency, the length and the angle of the stirrer. The optimal values were obtained as 1.5754, 0.803D and ±45°, respectively. It was found that the mixing index of the optimal design increased by 83.36% compared with that of the original design.

GMDP 신경망 알고리즘과 PID 제어기를 이용한 효율적인 PLANT 제어에 관한 연구

장진청,설재훈,장종승,추연규,임영도 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1995 硏究報告 Vol.19 No.2

Adapative control theory or parameter tuning of PID controller is mainly limited in linear systems. But in this paper, using a nonlinear mapping capability of NNS, we derive a realtime tuning method of PID controller based on a Back-Propagation method of single GMDP NN. A variety of neural models, especially higher-order networks, are known to computationlly powerful for complex application. While they have advantages over traditional multilayered perceptrons, the uniformity in their network structures, learning algorithms and loop time creates practical problems. Thus this paper evaluates the capability between MLP and GMDP for performing velocity control. Backpropagation is applied to the GMDP as learning rule.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

갱년기 여성의 호르몬 대치 요법에 대한 수용율

이임순,장진영,이정재,이순곤,이권해,이해혁,김승형 순천향의학연구소 1997 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.3 No.2

Purpose: We have evaluated the compliance of hormone replacement therapy. Method: There are 185 climacteric women who are divided into three groups (Group I, Group II, Group III). Group I is given conjugated equine estrogen(CEE, 0.625mg, day 1-30) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate(MPA, 5mg, day 1-12). Group II is given conjugated equine estrogen (CEE, 0.625mg, day 1-30) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, 2.5mg, day 1-30), Group III is given only conjugated equine estrogen(CEE, 0.625mg, day 1-30). Results: 1) The compliance rate of hormone replacement therapy during three months is 77.9% including each Group I : 77.7%, Group Ⅱ : 76.1%, Group Ⅲ :80.4%. 2) The compliance rate of hormone replacement therapy during six months is 60.7% including each Group Ⅰ:52.9%, Group Ⅱ: 56.4%, Group Ⅲ: 79.5%. 3) The compliance rate of hormone replacement therapy during nine months is 49.7% including each Group Ⅰ: 45.5%, Group Ⅱ:41.7%, Group Ⅲ: 64.3%. 4) The compliance rate of hormone replacement therapy during a year is 44.4% including each Group Ⅰ: 40.2%, Group Ⅱ:35.3%, Group Ⅲ: 59.5%. Conclusion : It is vital that we maximize compliance if patients are to receive the full benefits from hormone replacement therapy. We think that physicians who prescribe hormone replacement therapy for climacteric women should enough explain the purpose, risks, and side effect of treatment for maximizing compliance of hormone replacement therapy.

여호와의 증인 환자에서 산과적 출혈 후 무수혈 치료 2예

김재령,여소진,이해혁,김정식,김태희,남계현,이권해,이임순,박진화,황경호 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

Jehovah's Witness comprise a unique obstetric population. Their refusal of blood stems from an interpretation of a literal translation of the Bible, and it is this belief that puts them at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality if hemorrhage occurs. We report two cases of a Jehovah's Witness who bled massively due to obstetric hemorrhage, refused blood transfusion and had profound anemia. The patients were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin, parenteral iron and oxygen. And they were treated on an intensive care unit with intermittent positive pressure ventilation. We reviewed with literature considering the therapy for acutely anemic patients who refuse transfusion to decrease the duration of the most severe anemia.

경찰행정환경변화에 따른 경찰서비스의 질적 개선방안

오을임,이재진,김영환 朝鮮大學校 社會科學硏究所 2003 社會科學硏究 Vol.23 No.1

위 분문부의 정상소견 이중조영술 : Double Contrast Studies

이명환,곽효왕,진의권,고용필,임재범 한국건강관리협회 2000 건협 Report Vol.3 No.-

Risk Based Inspection 기법을 이용한 화학공장의 안전성 향상에 관한 연구

노용해,유진환,서재민,임차순,고재욱 한국산업안전학회 2002 한국안전학회지 Vol.17 No.3

The RBI technique proposed by API is composed of three steps. The qualitative RBI method can be used for the purpose of screening the components with high risk. And, the quantitative RBI method employs complex risk evaluation model for predicting component risk in a quantitative manner. The inspection program can be optimized based on the results obtained by these RBI technique. The forementioned RBI technique has been applied to a common hydrodesulfurizer unit and the technique is critically evaluated for studying its benefits and limitations, which is the main issue of this thesis. It's conducted that the RBI method can provide a method for defining and measuring the component risk, and also provide a powerful tool for managing many of the important elements of a process plant.