Systematic Review of Reciprocal Changes after Spinal Reconstruction Surgery : Do Not Miss the Forest for the Trees

Kim, Chang-Wook,Hyun, Seung-Jae,Kim, Ki-Jeong The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2021 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.64 No.6

The purpose of this review was to synthesize the research on global spinal alignment and reciprocal changes following cervical or thoracolumbar reconstruction surgery. We carried out a search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for studies through May 2020, and ultimately included 11 articles. The optimal goal of a truly balanced spine is to maintain the head over the femoral heads. When spinal imbalance occurs, the human body reacts through various compensatory mechanisms to maintain the head over the pelvis and to retain a horizontal gaze. Historically, deformity correction has focused on correcting scoliosis and preventing scoliotic curve progression. Following substantial correction of a spinal deformity, reciprocal changes take place in the flexible segments proximal and distal to the area of correction. Restoration of lumbar lordosis following surgery to correct a thoracolumbar deformity induces reciprocal changes in T1 slope, cervical lordosis, pelvic shift, and lower extremity parameters. Patients with cervical kyphosis exhibit different patterns of reciprocal changes depending on whether they have head-balanced or trunk-balanced kyphosis. These reciprocal changes should be considered to in order to prevent secondary spine disorders. We emphasize the importance of evaluating the global spinal alignment to assess postoperative changes.

건축 프로젝트 적정 설계변경 관리를 위한 사례조사

김성욱(Kim Sung-Wook),남혜원(Nam Hye-Won),이종식(Lee Jong-Sik),신창현(Shin Chang-Hyun),전재열(Chun Jae-Youl) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.29 No.1(구조계)

Recent design changes in the existing research on the factors and issues of design changes and analysis, responsible for analyzing the relationship, procedural issues, and issues of research that can be active. However, changes in the design of problems are essentially designed to complement the book is for the procedure. Methodology for dealing with design changes in the characteristics of the country and to reflect more realistically, and various design changes and looked at trends in related research. the design Change of this study to examine the domestic status and problems, identify the status of the country about the design changes, and in suggesting the direction to the development of the design changes.

Endoscopy and Imaging Modalities/Basic Science of Gastrointestinal Disorders/Miscellaneous : Changing Pattern Of Digestive And Liver Disease In Korea, 1990-2006 Year; A Single Center Study

( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Sang Woo Kim ),( In Sik Chung ),( Myung Gyu Choi ),( Kwan Woo Nam ),( Jung Pil Suh ),( Jae Hyuck Chang ),( Won Haing Hur ),( Yu Kyung Cho ),( Jae Myung Park ),( In Seok Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-

Background/Aims: Westernization in many Asian countries have changed lifestyles and diets, so once rare diseases have now become prevalent. The aim of this study is to investigate the changing pattern of digestive and liver disease in Korea, from 1990 to 2006. Methods: We extracted data specific gastrointestina (GI) disease based on the International Classification of Diseases code from the in-patients records at the Kangnam St. Mary`s Hospital in 1990, 1996 and 2006. This hospital is a tertiary-care hospital in Seoul, Korea, which has a capacity of 800 beds. Results: The admission rate for GI disease increased between 1990 and 2006. Overall in-patients were 1,623 persons in 1990, 2,368 persons in 1996 and 4,166 persons in 2006. The mean age of in-patients increased as time went by. A stomach cancer was the most common diagnosis during all periods, but its prevalence has decreased. Colon cancer ranked the 7th in 1990, but markedly increased and now ranks the second. The third was a hepatocellular carcinoma. The bile duct and gallbladder cancer, pancreas and esophageal cancer ranking followed with little interval change. In cases of cancer patients, a regular admission dramatically increased for chemotherapy. The number of patients admitted with pre-malignant neoplasm of stomach and colon increased remarkably with the development of endoscopy. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel discase, and reflux esophagitis emerged form mid-1990s with greater frequencies, yet much below the levels found in the West. The admission rate for peptic ulcer, especially ulcer bleeding remained relatively stable, despite a decreased rate for ulcer perforation. Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, cholelithiasis with cholecystitis-cholangitis, appendicitis, hemorrhoid and gastritis all decreased. Conclusions: The stomach cancer is the leading cause of admission, despite a recent decline. Colon cancer showed a marked rise. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel disease and reflux esophagitis were new diagnosis with an increased tendency.

보조호르몬요법을 받는 여성 유방암 환자의 모발 변화와 치료 실태에 대한 기초 연구

이재경 ( Jae Kyung Lee ),김창현 ( Chang-hyun Kim ),홍동균 ( Dongkyun Hong ),정경은 ( Kyung Eun Jung ),서영준 ( Young-joon Seo ),김창덕 ( Chang-deok Kim ),이진선 ( Jin Sun Lee ),권인선 ( In Sun Kwon ),박상현 ( Sanghyun Park ),이영 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회지 Vol.59 No.7

Background: Hormone therapy, which includes tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors, is the most common adjuvant therapy used for breast cancer. However, only a few studies have reported endocrine therapy induced alopecia. Objective: We investigated the effects of long-term adjuvant hormone therapy on hair in patients with breast cancer, in addition to patients’ concerns and current treatment for hair loss. Methods: Patients completed a questionnaire that included information on self-perceived hair changes after each adjuvant therapy session, distress, and current treatment for hair loss. Using a folliscope, we measured hair density and thickness in each patient and in healthy controls. Results: The study included 93 patients with breast cancer (mean age 51.9±9.8 years). The density and hair thickness were 106.36±21.85 hairs/cm2 and 0.07±0.01 mm in the patient group and 147.86±30.67 hairs/cm2 and 0.07±0.01 mm in the control group (n=98, mean age 52.10±8.40 years), respectively. The mean hair density was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group; however, no statistically significant intergroup difference was observed in hair thickness. Among 76 patients who perceived hair changes after adjuvant therapy, 71.1% (n=54) were distressed with regard to hair changes. However, only 7.8% of the patients, including two who were treated by dermatologists, currently received treatment for hair changes. Conclusion: Dermatologists should be familiar with hair changes in patients with breast cancer and provide appropriate education to encourage patients to consult dermatologists for hair loss and thinning after breast cancer treatment. (Korean J Dermatol 2021;59(7):521∼526)

공공병원의 생산성 변화와 결정요인 분석

양동현(Yang, Dong-Hyun),장영재(Chang, Young-Jae) 대한경영학회 2011 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.24 No.6

Gonadal Development, Spawning and Plasma Sex Steroid Levels of the Indoor Cultured Grunt, Hapalogenys nitens

Hee Woong Kang,Jae-Kwon Cho,Maeng-Hyun Son,Jong Youn Park,Chang Gi Hong,Jae Seung Chung,Ee-Yung Chung 한국발생생물학회 2015 발생과 생식 Vol.19 No.1

The gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonadal development and changes in hormones in plasma level of the indoor cultured grunt (Hapalogenys nitens) were investigated by histological study from August 2011 to October 2012. The GSI showed similar trends with gonad developmental stages during the culture periods. Changes in plasma level of estradiol-17β of female H. nitens reached the highest value before the spawning period, and seasonal changes in plasma level of estradiol-17β were similar in trends of oocyte developments and GSI changes. Testosterone levels of male H. nitens reached the highest value before and after the spent stage. Ovarian developmental stages of H. nitens could be classified into early growing stage, late growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spawning stage, recovery and resting stage. The testicular developmental stages could be divided into growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spent stage, and recovery and resting stage.

조기 천장골염의 자기공명영상 소견

김태환 ( Tae Hwan Kim ),전재범 ( Jae Bum Jun ),심승철 ( Seung Cheol Shim ),장대국 ( Dae Kook Chang ),고회관 ( Hee Kwan Koh ),정성수 ( Sung Soo Jung ),이인홍 ( In Hong Lee ),배상철 ( Sang Cheol Bae ),유대현 ( Dae Hyun Yoo ),전의용 대한류마티스학회 1998 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.5 No.2

목적: 천장골염의 유무가 척추 관절염의 진단에 중요한데 단순 골반 검사에서 변화가 없는 환자를 대상으로 MRI를 이용하여 천장골염의 조기변화 소견 및 MRI방법에 따른 장점을 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 단순 골반 검사에서 천장골염 유무가 확실하게 구분되지 않은 혈청 음성 척추 관절염 환자 26명을 대상으로 MRI를 시행하고 염증의 주침범위치를 천측과 장측, 관절의 상하로 구분하고, MRI방법에 따른 변화를 비교하였다. 결과: 모든 예에서 조영 증강되는 판누스를 관찰할 수 있었고, Grade I 이하에서는 장골측과 관절하부, 인대성 관절보다 활막성 관절을 더 많이 침범하였다. Grade II 이상에서도 장골측과 관절 하부에 더 많았으나 인대성 관절을 Grade I이하에서보다 더 많이 침범하였다. 관절 주변 지방 침착역시 장골측과 관절 하부에 더 주로 침범하였고 Grade II 이상에서 약간 더 많았다. 관절 주변 골염은 Grade 0에서는 없었고, Grade I에서는 주로 장골측과 관절 하부에서 92%가 양성이었고, Grade II에서는 93%에서, Grade III에서는 64%에서 양성으로, 장골측을 주로 침범하였으나 관절 상하부의 구분은 없었다. 인대성 천장골 관절은 Grade I 이하에서 38%, II 이상에서는 94%에서 침범하였다. 관절 주변 골염과 지방 침착, 그리고 판누스의 관찰에는 MPGR보다 스핀에코 영상이 좋았고, 관절면의 불규칙성 또는 관절강의 확대와 관절 강직여부의 관찰에는 스핀에코에 비해 MPGR 영상이 좋았고, 연골하 경화는 비슷하였다. 천장골염의 정도와 ESR, CRP와의 연관성은 없었다. 걸론: 천장골 관절에서 염증의 시작은 주로 장골 측과 관절의 하부에서 먼저 시작되고, 관절이 진행될수록 장골측에서 천골측까지로 범위가 확대 되었다. MRI방법에 의한 차이로 초기단계에는 스핀에코 영상이 관절염을 확인하는데 도움이 되고 관절면이 불규칙하게 되고 경화가 되어 병이 진행된 상태에서는 MPGR영상이 진단에 더 도움이 되었다. 염증성 배부 동통이 있는 경우 단순 골반 검사에서 이상이 없는 환자인 경우에도 MRI 검사를 시행하여 천장골염의 유무를 확인하는 것이 중요하다. Objective: The early detection of sacroiliitis on X-ray is important to diagnose spondyloarthropathy(SpA). The conventional radiography, bone scan, and computer tomogram have the problems of sensitivity, specificity, and side effects. We examined sacroiliitis using MR imaging in patients who had inflammatory back pain, but no definite changes in conventional radiogrphy. Other radiologic techniques were compared in detection of early sacroillitis. Methods: Twenty six patients with SpA were examined. The MRI findings of both sacroiliac joints were evaluated in every patients, such as pannus, periarticular osteitis and fat accumulation, subchondral sclerosis, and joint space changes(irregularity, ankylosis). Also we analyzed the changes of sacroiliac joints in sacroiliitis. Results: The predominant sites of involvement were upper aspect and iliac surface of sacroiliac joint in subchondral sclerosis, lower and iliac in pannus, periarticular fat accumulation, and iliac in periarticular osteitis. The MPGR images were superior to spin echo images in evaluation of joint space changes(irregularity, and ankylosis). Conclusions: Sacroiliitis is initiated in iliac side and lower portion of sacroiliac joints. MRI can detect early changes of sacroiliitis in patients with no conventional radiographic changes. MRI seems to be needed in patients with inflammatory back pain.

Dangyuja (Citrus grandis Osbeck) Peel Improves Lipid Profiles and Alleviates Hypertension in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

Hyun Ju Hong,Ju Youn Jin,Heekyoung Yang,Won Young Kang,Dong Geon Kim,Sunyi Lee,Younghun Choi,Jae Hoon Kim,Chang Hoon Han,Young Jae Lee 한국실험동물학회 2010 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.26 No.4

Obesity is a major public health problem and significant risk factor for many serious diseases including coronary artery disease, cancer, and diabetes. This study was performed to investigate the hypolipidemic effects and anti-hypertensive effect of Dangyuja (Citrus grandis Osbeck) peel, which is bred on Jeju island, in rats fed a high-fat diet. This study was conducted on 4 equal rat groups which were fed as follows; normal diet group (ND), high fat diet group (HFD), high fat diet supplemented with powdered peel of Dangyuja (1%, wt/wt) group (HFD+Dangyuja), and high fat diet treated with sibutramine simultaneously at a dose of 10 ㎎/㎏ group (HFD+Sibutramine). After feeding the high fat diet, body weight gain and relative weight of adipose tissues and liver significantly increased in HFD group, but Dangyuja peel supplementation protected these HFD-induced changes. The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and the atherogenic index significantly decreased in the HFD+Dangyuja peel group compared with the HFD group. The systolic blood pressure was significantly increased by feeding the high fat diet, whereas the supplementation of Dangyuja peel effectively prevented the elevation of blood pressure. Therefore, these results suggest that Dangyuja exerts a beneficial effect on obesity by improving lipid metabolism and alleviating obesity-related hypertension.

수정진동자를 이용한 박막의 상거동 분석

장상목,김종민,이현우,정재헌 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1996 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.2

This paper shows that an AT-cut quartz crystal analyzer(Q.C.A) can be applied to the investigation of the microheological change of the polymer blend solution during solvent evaporation process casting blend on the surface of quartz crystal. he blend is made from various compositions of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(vinyl acetate)(PVAc), and ethyl acetate as slovent. The resonant frequency and resonant admittance of the blend casting Q.C.A are measured simultaneously and the microheological behavior of the blend is analyzed during ethyl acetate evaporation. The PMMA/PVAc blend solution behaves several informative changes of resonant frequency and resonant admittance during ethyl acetate evaporation, depending on the evaporation time and the blend ratio. The PMMA/PVAc blend solution in ethyl acetate exhibited critical changes of resonant frequency and resonant admittance depending on the evaporation time and blend ratio. From this study, it is known that the quartz crystal analyzer can be successfully applicable to analyze viscoelastic changes on the microrheology and phase separation at the initial stage of the blends of PMMA and PVAc during the solvent, ethyl acetate evaporation process by maesuring the resonant freaquency and the resonant resistance in situ.

VARIATION OF 24-HOUR INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN SILICONE OIL–FILLED EYES

Chang, Joo Hyun,Shin, Jae Pil,Kim, In Taek,Park, Dong Ho Lippincott 2016 Retina Vol.36 No.1

<P>Purpose:To evaluate the variation of 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) in silicone oil (SO)-filled eyes.Methods:Prospective, nonrandomized comparative case series of 42 eyes of 21 patients, each with an SO-filled eye after vitrectomy. The fellow eyes served as controls. Each subject slept the usual 8 hours, and IOPs were measured at 4-hour intervals over 24 hours, twice before sleep (5:30 and 9:30 pm), twice during sleep (1:30 and 5:30 am), and twice after sleep (9.30 am and 1:30 pm). Intraocular pressure was measured in the sitting position using a Goldmann applanation tonometer. The SO-filled eyes and fellow eyes were compared with respect to diurnal-to-nocturnal and nocturnal-to-diurnal IOP changes.Results:At all 6 time points, SO-filled eyes had higher mean IOPs than fellow eyes (all P < 0.05). For both groups, mean nocturnal IOP was higher than mean diurnal IOP (both P < 0.001). Changes in diurnal-to-nocturnal IOP and nocturnal-to-diurnal IOP between SO-filled eyes and fellow eyes did not differ significantly (P > 0.05, respectively). The peak IOP occurred in the nocturnal period for all fellow eyes and for 94.7% of SO-filled eyes.Conclusion:The IOP of SO-filled eyes varied over a 24-hour period, peaking largely in the nocturnal period, as observed for the IOP of fellow eyes.</P>