다제내성 그람양성균에 대한 Linezolid(Zyvox^(�))의 시험관내 항균력 비교

박대원,정희진,엄중식,황병연,김성범,이재갑,이연주,정혜원,정성주,박재형,이진수,손장욱,김우주,김민자,박승철 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.5

배경 : MRSA, VRE, VRSA같은 다제 내성 그람 양성균의 등장에 따라 glycopeptide를 대체할 새로운 항생제의 개발이 필요하게 되었고 결과적으로 새로운 항생제인 linezolid라는 항생제가 개발되었다. Linezolid는 이전의 항생제와는 다른 새로운 계열의 oxazolidinone으로 경구 이용률이 우수하다. 원내 및 원외감염의 중요한 원인균이 되고 있는 MRSA, VRE에 대한 적절한 경구용 항균제가 없는 국내에서 폐렴 및 피부 연조직 감염에서 경구용으로 사용해 볼 수 있는 약제이다. 본 연구에서는 고대 구로 병원에서 분리된 MRSA, VRE 등을 대상으로 다른 여러 항균제와 비교한 linezolid의 시험관내 항균력을 조사하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 연구대상은 1998년 1월부터 2000년 12월까지 본원에서 입원 및 외래를 통하여 피부 연조직 감염증 및 호흡기 감염증, 요로감염증으로 진단된 환자들의 가검물로부터 분리된 MRSA 60균주, VRE 43균주, PRSP 25균주를 액체배지 또는 한천배지 희석법을 통하여 linezolid 및 기타 항균제에 대한 최소발육억제농도를 구하였다. 결과 : 실험에 사용한 S. aureus는 모두 MRSA였고 이들은 linezolid에 대해 MIC_(90) 2㎍/㎖(MIC 범위 1-2㎍/㎖), Enterococcus spp는 모두 VRE로 linezolid의 MIC_(90)은 2㎍/㎖로 MIC 범위는 1-4㎍/㎖였다. 한 개의 균주에서 MIC 4㎍/㎖로 중등도 감수성을 보였으나 MIC breakpoint가 (8㎍/㎖인 내성균주는 없고 모두 감수성을 보였다. S. pneumoniae의 경우 penicillin 내성이었고, linezolid MIC_(90) 1㎍/㎖ (MIC 범위 0.5-1㎍/㎖)로 전부 감수성을 보였다. 결론 : Linezolid는 MRSA를 위시한 VRE, PRSP 등의 다제 내성 그람 양성균에 대하여 우수한 시험관내 항균력을 보임을 알 수 있었다. Background : The emergence of multi-drug resistant Gram-positive cocci, such as MRSA, VRE, and VRSA, necessitated to develop new antibiotics, which could replace the glycopeptide. As a result, a new antibiotics named linezolid was developed. Linezolid is different line of oxazolidinones with a good oral bioavailability, compared to other antibiotics. Since appropriate oral antibiotics are not presently available for MRSA, which is a major cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections, the introduction of linezolid will have favorable effect on treatment of infections such as pneumonia or skin infections. In this study, we investigated the antibiotic effect of linezolid on MRSA and VRE isolated from patients who were treated in Korea University Guro Hospital. Material and Methods : By using broth microdilution and agar dilution method we measured minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with sixty S. aureus, forty three Enterococcus spp., and twenty five S. pneumoniae isolates from patients who were diagnosed as skin, soft tissue, respiratory, and urinary infections in Korea University Guro Hospital from January, 1998 to December, 2002. Results : All of S. aureus used in this study were MRSA, and MIG_(90) of linezolid was below 2 ㎍/㎖ (MIC ranged between 1-2 ㎍/㎖). All of Enterococcus spp. were VRE, and had MIG_(90) of 2 ㎍/㎖ (MIC ranged between 1 to 4 ㎍/㎖). One of the VRE showed intermediate susceptibility with MIC of 4 ㎍/㎖. However, none was resistant with MIC breakpoint above 8 ㎍/㎖. All of S. pneumoniae were resistant to penicillin, but they were susceptible to linezolid with MICao of 1 ㎍/㎖(MIC range 0.5-1㎍/㎖). Conclusion : In conclusions, linezolid has an excellent in vitro antibiotic effect on multi-drug resistant Gram-positive cocci, such as MRSA, PRSP, and VRE.

연령증가에 따른 혈압요소들의 좌심실비대 및 관동맥질환과의 관련성

박재석,박창규,박미영,박재형,김용현,나진오,신성희,서순용,홍순준,박성미,임홍의,김응주,서홍석,오동주,노영무 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.2

생활체육지도자의 직무관련요인이 이직의사에 미치는 영향

박재홍(Park Jae-Hong),신문형(Shin Moon-Hyoung) 한국체육과학회 2000 한국체육과학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence voluntary tunovers among leaders who are employed in Leisure and sports. The factors were found to he external, job-related, and personal. A survey was administered to 218 leaders of the following organizations that studied at Yong-in University, to success a third class leader in Leisure and sports with man 151 persons and female 67. A questionaire was designed to establish the causal factors of Yang-Jin Hawn(1992), Park-Se Hong(1994), Jun-Chan yol(1994), Lee-Ki Hyo(1995) in leisure and sports. The questionnaire had a high index in the Cronbach' a = .7108 ~ .8911 test. These surveys were cpmpleted using self-administration method. First, to analyze the data for the study, the frepuencies, t-test, one-way ANOVA was sued to analyze the collected data. The results of this study were as follews: First, the external factors associated with voluntary turnovers had not a stronger impact on the sex, education, prestige, salary on the decision. Second, the joh-related factors associated with voluntary turnovers has net friedship satisvaction and productivity.

서남해안 2.5GW 해상풍력단지 건설의 경제효과분석

박재필 ( Jae Pil Park ),김민영 ( Min Young Kim ),황성원 ( Sung Won Hwang ),김형성 ( Hyoung Sung Kim ) 한국도서학회 2014 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.26 No.3

MOTIE(Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy) aims to build a Southwest 2.5GW offshore wind farm. The job will require help from the government, electric operator and manufacturers. The domestic offshore wind farm market will boost global competitiveness up until 2019. This research analyzes the economic impact of the offshore wind farm project. The local acceptance in terms of production, employment and value added are expected to be maximized. According to the quantitative analysis using the extended 2010 input-output table, we calculated that the production inducement impact will reach up to 13.5 trillion won. 11.07 trillion won from the offshore wind farm industry and 2.4 trillion won from others. Furthermore the impact of increase in employment is expected to reach 22,662. 9,883 will be from the wind farm industry and 12,779 from other fields. The impact is expected to be greater especially during the middle of the jobless growth period, Lastly, the value added inducement impact is expected to be 4.24 trillion won. Regarding economic impacts, strategies required for increasing local acceptance are as follows. First, in order to diversify and sophisticate the primary industry into a secondary or tertiary one, we need to develop the nearby wind farm site into a wind farm thema park. Attracting the wind farm production, installing and maintaining/repairing firms and establishing an experience center for K-12 students by providing them an education center for offshore wind energy can be specific means of development. Also, during the operation and after the destruction of facilities, the government should lay out the sub-structure of the wind farm as a sea ranch. Thirdly, the level of local acceptance regarding the community ownership of the offshore wind farm should increase to those of Middelgrunden(Denmark) and Navarra(Spain). Considering the economic condition of Buan, Gochang and the Yeonggwang area, community ownership is one of best solutions for the increment of local tax revenue. At last, considering the supports system of areas adjacent to power plants and ``Partnership management with local community’, the offshore wind farm operator may need to provide assistant policies to nearby communities. The policies should be based on Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) such as education scholarship projects, local economy cooperative projects, sports/culture projects.

아시아 12개국의 응급의학 실태에 대한 연구 조사

정제명,왕순주,안무업,박재형,유기철,박준석,강재구,제프리 아놀드 대한응급의학회 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.4

Background : To assess the current level of development of emergency medicine (EM) systems in Asia. Method : Survey of EM professionals from 12 Asian countries during a 90-day period from August to November 1998. 12 EM professionals from 12 Asian countries completed the survey. All participants were physicians. 7 participants (58%) gave presentations at an international EM conference during the study period. Respondents completed a 103 question questionnaire about the status of EM specialty, academic, patient care, information and management systems and the factors influencing the future of EM in their countries. Results : 92% of respondents stated that their countries have hospital-based emergency departments (ED). More than 80% of respondents reported that their countries have EMS systems and ED systems for trauma care and patient transfer. More than 70% stated that their countries have national EM organizations, EM research, national EMS activation phone numbers, ED systems for pediatric emergency care, emergency physician (EP) training in ACLS and ATLS and peer review. More than 60% reported official recognition of EM as an independent specialty status, ED triage systems and systems for customer service. More than 50% reported EM residency training programs, EM journals and EP ability to perform rapid sequence intubation (RSI). 50% reported EP ability to perform thrombolysis for acute MI and 33% reported EP ultrasonography. 92% felt that a lack of funding posed a moderate or great obstacle to the future development of EM in their countries. Conclusions : Many essential systems of EM now exist throughout Asia. In the systems of administration and emergency medical information in many countries, there are some parts to be developed further.

여가 레크리에이션 프로그램의 개발 방향에 관한 연구

박용범,이재형 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

This study aims to present the way to investigate the program of leisure recreation considering each age. Firstly, the program of leisure recreation for teenagers should be developed in their school firstly in the way of multiple methods and should be applied both in their school and home connectedly. And, the program for friendship, small group and working teenagers should be developed, too. Secondly, the program for housekeepers should be developed by each ward office and university. They should be operated in the class of health sport and hobby. And, a lot of leisure program should be investigated to develop their ability. Thirdly, for old ages, the program should be carefully excluded the existed form and contents as possible as t can. And it should be developed toward more hard and complex step. t needs to work connectedly in silver house and welfare house for old ages. Furthermore, t should be communicative program to communicate with other ages freely through the existed institute as Silver House(where old ages live together) and Care house(place to take care the old ages).

청소년의 여가활동 실태 및 만족도 분석

박용범,이재형,조병만 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the development of the various Education policies which can improve the problems after understanding the actual situation of the leisure activities of the middle school students, surveying and diagnosing the consciousness about the leisure activities, and analyzing problems. As for the subjects of tills study, the middle students who are currently enrolled in Y middle school in Suwon, Kyung-ki-do was selected as the population, and then totally 450 students were selected as the samples after the random sampling, The research subjects were totally 434 students who answered the survey among those 450 students. The survey papers which contain the ailing or unfaithful answers and contents among the total 434 students were excluded from this study. Therefore, the actual subject people who were applied to this study were totally 420 students. The sexual composition of the subject people are 24 male students(57.6%) and 178 female students(42.4%), and the male students have the a little higher rate than the female students. For the analysis of the data, in this study the frequencies analysis, cross analysis, independent t test, and one-way ANOVA were used as the useful statistical technique, the scheffe method was executed. At this time, the meaningful standard was analyzed after setting up as α=0.5. Through the above mentioned research method and course and based upon the produced research result, the following conclusion was induced. Firstly, the result of the analysis about the time of the leisure activities of the young people showed that the 120 students(28.6%) answered average under 2 or 3 hours to the question that how long leisure time per day you have, and this is the most frequent answers, and 105 students(25%) answered under 1 or 2 hours, Thus, the leisure time of the middle school students was surveyed as average under 2 or 3 hours per day and this was over 53.6%, and it was demonstrated that the students and young people were not active and emotional, and also enjoying the inactive and monotonous leisure activities because of the burden due to the time caused by the excessive studies and preparation for the entrance examination. Secondly, when seen through the analysis result of the actual condition of the leisure activities of the young people, it was known that there is the trend that the leisure activities of the young people are made up of the individual(houses of relatives, private educational institution), and merrymaking(cafe, billiard hall, bowling hall, karaoke room, and video-watching room) events. Thirdly, in case of the place for the leisure activities, it was shown that the female students enjoyed 'Library, municipal cultural center', 'cafe', 'karaoke, video-watching room', 'window shopping, street sightseeing', 'bookshop', 'cultural enjoyment', and 'private educational institution' rather than the male students did, and there was the meaningful difference statistically(P<.05). In the other hand, the male students enjoyed 'athletic facility', 'billiard hall, bowling hall', 'juvenile group', 'amusement facility, cartoon room, PC room' rather than the female students, and there was the meaningful difference statistically(P<.05). According to each the grade, in case of the 1st grade showed that they stayed 97 minutes in the karaoke and video watching room, and 94 minutes in the window shopping and street sightseeing, and 106 minutes in the amusement facility, and 21 minutes in the bookshop, and in case of 2nd grade, they were shown that they stayed 64 minutes in the reading room, and 35 minutes in the billiard room and bowling room, and lastly in case of 3rd grade, they were shown that they stayed 51 minutes in the instant food store and 247 minutes in the private educational institution. In case of the contact time with the mass media, there was no difference in the activities such as 'printing media such as the news papers and magazines', 'watching TV, but there was the meaningful difference according to the sexual distinction in the time for 'listening the radio', and 'using computer' statistically(p<.05). When concretely examined, the female student had average 34 minutes for listening the radio, and this is over 13 minutes than the male students whereas the male students spent 129 minutes in 'computer', and this is 37 minutes more than that of the female.

대학생들의 스포츠 유형에 따른 여가 만족도

박용범,이재형 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

The Purpose of this study was to the relationship between type of sports activity and leisure satisfaction among collegiate. The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the type in sports activity on leisure satisfaction by compering the difference of psychological, educational, social, physiological, relaxational, and environmental satisfaction. Subjects of this study were sampled 696 the collegiate(392 male, 301 female) by the random sampling method. The method of statistics used to analysis the collected data are frequence, covariance analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and path analyze using multiple regression analysis. Based on the procedures and results, the following conclusions were warranted 1. Background variables such as sex, income, and self-rated health among sociodemographic characteristics in fluence on participation in physical education of culture and leisure satisfaction. That is to say, The more men than women are and the higher income, self-rated health people have the more they participation in physical education of culture and leisure satisfaction is high, 2. Participation in physical of culture has positive effect on leisure and so decreases the degree of it. 3. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has an influence on the psychological satisfaction, That is, difference in psychological satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and individual event is the highest. 4. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has an influence on the social satisfaction, That is, difference in social satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and team is the highest. 5. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has an influence on the social satisfaction. That is, difference in educational satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and team is the highest. 6. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has an influence on the physiological satisfaction. That is, difference in physiological satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and team is the highest. 7. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has an influence on the relaxatiorral satisfaction. That is, difference in relaxational satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and special event is the highest. 8. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has no an influence on the environmental satisfaction.

요추척추궁 절제술 환자의 표준관리지침서 개발

박재정,박형숙 성인간호학회 2000 성인간호학회지 Vol.12 No.4

The purpose of this study was to develop a critical pathway for case management of patients who have received Lumbar Laminectomy because of low back Pain, arm and le9 numbness, and radiating pain in the leg. For this study a preliminary critical pathway was developed through a review of the literature including five critical pathways which are currently being used in the USA. In order to identify the overall service contents required by these Patients. 30 cases were analyzed. These cases were taken from medical records of those with Lumbar Laminectomy between January. 1998 and December, 1998 in the department of neurosurgery at the Pusan National University Hospital in Pusan. An expert validity test was done for the preliminary critical pathway, a clinical validity test was also done using 12 patients with Lumbar Laminectomy between October 1, 1999 and January 31, 2000. After these Processes, the final critical pathway was developed. The results are summarized as follows. 1.The vertical axis of the critical pathway includes the following eight items: assessment, consultation, diet, test, medication treatment, activity, ducation/discharge planning. The horizontal axis includes the time from the start of hospitalization to discharge. Analysis of the 30 medical records was done. analysis of the service contents showed the horizontal axis of the preliminary critical pathway was set from hospitalization to the 12th post operation day and the vertical axis was set to include eight items, the contents which should have occurred according to the time frames of the horizontal axis. 2.As a result of the expert validity test, it was found that among the 233 items, 203 showed over 88% agreement and 30 of them showed less than 88% agreement. which were then revised or deleted from the critical pathway. At the preliminary meeting for the clinical validity test, the time of hospitalization on the horizontal axis was shortened to the 10th post operation day. A clinical validity test was done with 12 patients with Lumbar Laminectomy. All the cases progressed according to the critical pathway although some variances were noted in assessment, consultation, test, medication, and treatment. 3.Based on these results, a final critical pathway was determined. In conclusion, this critical pathway is partially applicable to the care of Patients with Lumbar faminectomy and needs further investigation.

중학교 Ice-Hockey선수와 축구선수의 체력과 심폐기능에 관한 비교 연구

박영균,문재형 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 1996 體育學論文集 Vol.24 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate difference of the physical fitness and the cardiorespiratory function between some trained soccer and ice-hockey players. The subject are 15 persons. The results of this study are as fellow: 1)No significant difference appered in terms of the height between the 2 groups. In the weight and chest, there was a significant difference(p〈0.01) between the soccer and ice-hockey player. 2)No significant difference appered in terms of grip strength(right), leg strength extension between the 2 groups. In the grip strength(left), back strength, it showed that there was significant difference(p〈0.05) between ice-hockey player(30.93±7.44kg, 84,80± 17.82kg), and soccer player(26.03±4.86kg, 72.13±15.93kg). In the left and right arm strength flexion, it showed that there was a significant difference(p〈0.01) between ice-hockey player(25.40±6.99kg, 25.13±8.21kg) and soccer player(18.53±3.40kg, 18.13±2.59kg). 3)No significant difference appered in terms of sit-up, sargent jump, trunk flexion between the 2 groups. In the jumping & stepping test, it showed that there was significant difference(p〈.05) between ice-hockey player(22.73±8.21cm) and soccer player(24.13 ±1.92cm). 4)In the Ventilation, It showed that there was a significant difference(p〈0.01) ice-hockey player(11.18±3.15ℓ/min) and soccer player(8.09±1.79ℓ/min) at rest. In maximum VE, It showed that there were no remarkable difference between ice-hockey player(85.10±21.15ℓ/min) and soccer player(94,72±23.14ℓ/min). 5)In respiration rate, It showed that there were no remarkable difference between ice-hockey player(15.13±2.90n/min, 60.53±9.72n/min), soccer player(12.53±2.97n/min, 63.87±7.50n/min) at rest and maximum exercise. 6)In the Heart Rate, It showed that there was a notable difference(p〈0.05) between ice-hockey player(74.47±9.21beats/min) and soccer player(65.94±7.97beats/min) at rest. In maximum Heart Rate, It showed that there was a notable difference(p〈0.05) between ice-hockey player(180.50±11.34beats/min) and soccer player(189.62±9.84beats/min). 7)In the Oxygen intake per weight per min, It showed that there were no remarkable difference between ice-hockey player(5.17±0.85㎖/kg/min) and soccer player(4.83±1.01㎖/kg/min) at rest. In maximum VO2/W, It showed that there was a significant difference(p〈0.01) ice-hockey player(44.10±8.21㎖/kg/min) and soccer player(54.60±4.35㎖/kg/min). 8)In the all-out time, It showed that there were no remarkable difference ice-hockey player(974.00±217.77 sec) and soccer player(1059±241.82 sec).