Formate-driven growth coupled with H₂ production

Kim, Yun Jae,Lee, Hyun Sook,Kim, Eun Sook,Bae, Seung Seob,Lim, Jae Kyu,Matsumi, Rie,Lebedinsky, Alexander V.,Sokolova, Tatyana G.,Kozhevnikova, Darya A.,Cha, Sun-Shin,Kim, Sang-Jin,Kwon, Kae Kyoung,Im Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2010 Nature Vol.467 No.7313

Although a common reaction in anaerobic environments, the conversion of formate and water to bicarbonate and H<SUB>2</SUB> (with a change in Gibbs free energy of ?G째 = +1.3??kJ??mol<SUP>??1</SUP>) has not been considered energetic enough to support growth of microorganisms. Recently, experimental evidence for growth on formate was reported for syntrophic communities of Moorella sp. strain AMP and a hydrogen-consuming Methanothermobacter species and of Desulfovibrio sp. strain G11 and Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus strain AZ. The basis of the sustainable growth of the formate-users is explained by H<SUB>2</SUB> consumption by the methanogens, which lowers the H<SUB>2</SUB> partial pressure, thus making the pathway exergonic. However, it has not been shown that a single strain can grow on formate by catalysing its conversion to bicarbonate and H<SUB>2</SUB>. Here we report that several hyperthermophilic archaea belonging to the Thermococcus genus are capable of formate-oxidizing, H<SUB>2</SUB>-producing growth. The actual ?G values for the formate metabolism are calculated to range between ??8 and ??20??kJ??mol<SUP>??1</SUP> under the physiological conditions where Thermococcus onnurineus strain NA1 are grown. Furthermore, we detected ATP synthesis in the presence of formate as a sole energy source. Gene expression profiling and disruption identified the gene cluster encoding formate hydrogen lyase, cation/proton antiporter and formate transporter, which were responsible for the growth of T. onnurineus NA1 on formate. This work shows formate-driven growth by a single microorganism with protons as the electron acceptor, and reports the biochemical basis of this ability.

Mass-scalable synthesis of 3D porous germanium–carbon composite particles as an ultra-high rate anode for lithium ion batteries

Ngo, Duc Tung,Le, Hang T. T.,Kim, Chanhoon,Lee, Jae-Young,Fisher, John G.,Kim, Il-Doo,Park, Chan-Jin The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.8 No.12

<P>Electrode materials with three-dimensional (3D) mesoporous structures possess superior features, such as a shortened solid-phase lithium diffusion distance, a large pore volume, full lithium ion accessibility, and a high specific area, which can facilitate fast lithium ion transport and electron transfer between solid/electrolyte interfaces. In this work, we introduce a facile synthesis route for the preparation of a 3D nanoarchitecture of Ge coated with carbon (3D-Ge/C) <I>via</I> a carbothermal reduction method in an inert atmosphere. 3D-Ge/C showed excellent cyclability: almost 86.8% capacity retention, corresponding to a charge capacity of 1216 mA h g<SUP>−1</SUP> even after 1000 cycles at a 2C-rate. Surprisingly, the high average reversible capacity of 1122 mA h g<SUP>−1</SUP> was maintained at a high charge rate of 100C (160 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>). Even at an ultrahigh charge rate of 400C (640 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>), an average capacity of 429 mA h g<SUP>−1</SUP> was attained. Further, the full cell composed of a 3D-Ge/C anode and an LiCoO<SUB>2</SUB> cathode exhibited excellent rate capability and cyclability with 94.7% capacity retention over 50 cycles. 3D-Ge/C, which offers a high energy density like batteries as well as a high power density like supercapacitors, is expected to be used in a wide range of electrochemical devices.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A novel, facile synthetic route has been proposed to prepare a 3D nanoarchitecture of Ge coated with carbon (3D-Ge/C) <I>via</I> carbothermal reduction. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5ee02183a'> </P>

A phase II study of irinotecan plus cisplatin for patients with advanced stage IIIB or IV NSCLC previously treated with nonplatinum-based chemotherapy

Kim, Heung T.,Han, Ji-Youn,Lee, Dae H.,Chun, Jong H.,Lee, Hong G.,Lee, Jae J.,Kim, Hyae Y.,Lee, Sung Y.,Lee, Jin S. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2006 Cancer Vol.107 No.4

<B>BACKGROUND.</B><P>Irinotecan (I) and cisplatin (P) are active chemotherapy agents with clinical synergy in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluated the efficacy of IP regimen as a salvage treatment of patients with NSCLC that progressed after nonplatinum-containing regimen(s).</P><B>METHODS.</B><P>Eligibility required histologically confirmed NSCLC, bidimensionally measurable disease, ECOG PS 0-2, and progressive disease after nonplatinum-based chemotherapy. Treatment consisted of I (65 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) and P (30 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) i.v. on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle, for a maximum of 6 cycles. An informed consent was obtained from all patients.</P><B>RESULTS.</B><P>Between August 2002 and May 2004, 32 patients with median age of 56 years (range, 42–74) were enrolled. Twenty-four (75%) patients were men, and 28 (88%) had ECOG PS 0 or 1. Twenty-five patients had adenocarcinoma and 6 had squamous-cell carcinoma. All patients were evaluated for response and toxicity, and the response rate was 40.6%. After a median follow-up of 18.5 months, the median survival time was found to be 9.3 months, with a 1-year survival rate of 43.8%. Toxicities were moderate and manageable, with 47% G3 and 9% G4 neutropenia, 19% G3 diarrhea, and 22% G3 asthenia. There was no G4 nonhematologic toxicity.</P><B>CONCLUSIONS.</B><P>The irinotecan and cisplatin combination is an active and well-tolerated regimen for the patients with advanced NSCLC that progressed after nonplatinum-containing regimen(s). Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.</P>

Studies of the Rare - Earth Magnets

Jae Gui Koh,F. Pourarian,S. Simizu,S. G. Sankar 한국자기학회 1995 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.5 No.5

Specimens of Nd-Fe-B magnets with various compositions have been prepared and their physical properties investigated. The basic composition of Nd-Fe-B system is Nd_(15-x)Dy_xFe_(78.5)B_(6.5) with x varying between 0 and 2. Addition of Dy improves the coercivty significantly. The bulk density of the finished magnets is -7.5 g/cc. A remanence of 1.25 kG, and energy product of 42.1 MGOe have been observed with magnets containing x=1. Thermomagnetic measurements of alloys showed that the starting alloys exhibited a Curie temperature. of -330 C.

Hybrid Nanomembranes for High Power and High Energy Density Supercapacitors and Their Yarn Application

Lee, Jae Ah,Shin, Min Kyoon,Kim, Shi Hyeong,Kim, Seon Jeong,Spinks, Geoffrey M.,Wallace, Gordon G.,Ovalle-Robles, Raquel,Lima, Má,rcio D.,Kozlov, Mikhail E.,Baughman, Ray H. American Chemical Society 2012 ACS NANO Vol.6 No.1

<P>We report mechanically robust, electrically conductive, free-standing, and transparent hybrid nanomembranes made of densified carbon nanotube sheets that were coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) using vapor phase polymerization and their performance as supercapacitors. The hybrid nanomembranes with thickness of ∼66 nm and low areal density of ∼15 μg/cm<SUP>2</SUP>exhibited high mechanical strength and modulus of 135 MPa and 12.6 GPa, respectively. They also had remarkable shape recovery ability in liquid and at the liquid/air interface unlike previous carbon nanotube sheets. The hybrid nanomembrane attached on a current collector had volumetric capacitance of ∼40 F/cm<SUP>3</SUP> at 100 V s<SUP>–1</SUP> (∼40 and ∼80 times larger than that of onion-like carbon measured at 100 V s<SUP>–1</SUP> and activated carbon measured at 20 V s<SUP>–1</SUP>, respectively), and it showed rectangular shapes of cyclic voltammograms up to ∼5 V s<SUP>–1</SUP>. High mechanical strength and flexibility of the hybrid nanomembrane enabled twisting it into microsupercapacitor yarns with diameters of ∼30 μm. The yarn supercapacitor showed stable cycling performance without a metal current collector, and its capacitance decrease was only ∼6% after 5000 cycles. Volumetric energy and power density of the hybrid nanomembrane was ∼70 mWh cm<SUP>–3</SUP> and ∼7910 W cm<SUP>–3</SUP>, and the yarn possessed the energy and power density of ∼47 mWh cm<SUP>–3</SUP> and ∼538 W cm<SUP>–3</SUP>.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2012/ancac3.2012.6.issue-1/nn203640a/production/images/medium/nn-2011-03640a_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn203640a'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Radiolysis of Paraffin Encapsulation Wax

Kim,Chang Lak,Lee,Myung Chan,Park,Won Jae,Suk,Tae Won,Burns,William G. 대한방사선 방어학회 1995 방사선방어학회지 Vol.20 No.4

파라핀 왁스를 사용하여 건조된 농축폐액을 고화시킬 경우, 방사선적 가수분해에 의해 발생할 가능성이 있는 수소가스의 발생량을 추정하여 보았다. 분석결과에 의하면, 코발트 60의 방사선에너지에 의해 방사선적 가수분해가 주로 발생ㄹ함을 알 수 있다. 200리터 드럼붕 120 리터가 파라핀으로채워졌다고 가정할 때 수소가스 발생은 초기에 4.4 ×10²cm³yr¹이고 100년이 경과한 후는 7.2cm³yr¹로 줄어든다. 수소에 의한 발화점을 25년이 경과한 후 도달할 가능성이 있느나, 폭발한계에는 1000년 이내에 도달할 가능성이 없다. 안전성 관련 주요 한계점이 도달하는 시기는 드럼내 파라핀 왁스의 채움 정도에 매우 민감하게 영향을 받는다. 드럼내 공간의 감소시, 발화점에 도달 시간이 줄어듬을 알수 있다. An estmate is made on the potential generation rate of H₂from radiolysis of the paraffin-wax encapsulant proposed for the solidified liquid concentrate wasteform. The results show tht the radiolytic production of H₂from paraffin-wax-encapsulated waste is dominated by the radiation energy released from ?Co. The radioltic production of H₂will proceed at an initial rate equivalent to aproximately 4.4 ×10²cm³yr¹in 200 litre drums that are partly filled with 120 litres of encapsulated waste. The gas production rate will fall to a value of 7.2cm³yr¹after 100 years. The lower flammable limit for H₂in air will be reached in about 25 years and the lower explosive limit for H₂in air would not be reached in 1000 years. The timescale in which these safety-related limits are reached is strongly dependent on the level of filling of each waste drum. A reduction of the air space inside each drum would reduce the time required to reach the lower flammable limit.

A new genus of Pexicopiini (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) for “Gelechia” acanthopis Meyrick, 1932, with review of functional morphology of male genitalia in allied genera

SOHN, JAE-CHEON,PONOMARENKO, MARGARITA G.,SAKAMAKI, YOSITAKA Magnolia Press 2019 Zootaxa Vol.4638 No.1

<P>The systematic status of Gelechia acanthopis Meyrick, 1932 is reviewed. The general and functional morphology of the male genitalia merits a new genus in Pexicopiini, Sitotrogoides gen. nov., for G. acanthopis. The musculoskeletal apparatus of the male genitalia in Sitotrogoides is described for the first time and compared with allied genera. The taxonomic position of the genus Sitotrogoides is determined within the tribe Pexicopiini. The lack of the muscle m3 is suggested as a characteristic associating Sitotrogoides with Sitotroga and differing from all other genera in Pexicopiini. The type species of Sitotrogoides, Gelechia acanthopis Meyrick is redescribed. Our new records of Sitotrogoides acanthopis from Korea suggest its extended distribution out of Japan. </P>

Formation and magnetic properties of InFeP:Ag nanorods fabricated with noble metal Ag using an ion milling method

Sohn, Jae Min,Kim, Hyungsang,Im, Hyunsik,Kim, Hyungbae,Lee, Juwon,Shon, Yoon,Subramaniam, N G,Kang, Taewon,Kim, Deuk Young,Koo, Hyun Cheol,Lee, Joo-hyeon,Song, Jing Dong,Park, Chang-Soo,Kim, Eun Kyu IOP 2017 Nanotechnology Vol.28 No.50

<P>The formation, including the density and height of the InFeP:Ag nanorods doped with noble metal Ag using an ion milling method, was preponderantly determined from transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analyses. We investigate, in particular, the enhanced ferromagnetism of the well-aligned InFeP:Ag nanorods. Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were carried out in order to investigate the incorporation of Ag and to verify the local chemical bonding of the InFeP:Ag nanorods. The variation of FWHM for the double-crystal x-ray rocking curve and triple-axis diffraction peaks demonstrates that noble metal Ag is incorporated into the InFeP:Ag nanorods. The noticeable ferromagnetic signature (M-H curve) of the InFeP:Ag nanorods is observed and <I>T</I> <SUB>c</SUB> persists up to almost 350 K (3.9?×?10<SUP>−4</SUP> emu g<SUP>−1</SUP>), as determined by temperature-dependence magnetization (M-T curve) measurements. This study suggests that the InFeP:Ag nanorods should be a potential candidate for the application of spintronic devices.</P>

Nocardioides koreensis sp. nov., Nocardioides bigeumensis sp. nov. and Nocardioides agariphilus sp. nov., isolated from soil from Bigeum Island, Korea.

Dastager, Syed G,Lee, Jae-Chan,Ju, Yoon-Jung,Park, Dong-Jin,Kim, Chang-Jin Society for General Microbiology 2008 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.58 No.10

<P>Three Gram-positive, coccoid to rod-shaped actinobacteria, designated strains MSL-09(T), MSL-19(T) and MSL-28(T), were isolated from a soil sample collected from Bigeum Island in Korea, and were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. All three isolates grew optimally at pH 7.5-9.0 and 28-30 degrees C. 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that all three strains belonged to the genus Nocardioides, with strains MSL-09(T), MSL-19(T) and MSL-28(T) respectively showing the highest sequence similarity to Nocardioides aquaticus DSM 11439(T) (96.25 %), Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9(T) (95.75 %) and Nocardioides terrigena DS-17(T) (95.61 %). Chemotaxonomically, they contain LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H(4)) as the predominant menaquinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and some unknown lipids as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. iso-C(16 : 0) is a major fatty acid. The G+C content of the DNA was respectively 69.9, 69.3 and 69.4 mol% for strains MSL-09(T), MSL-19(T) and MSL-28(T). Based on morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters presented in this study, the three strains represent novel species of the genus Nocardioides. The names Nocardioides koreensis sp. nov. (type strain MSL-09(T) =KCTC 19272(T) =DSM 19266(T)), Nocardioides bigeumensis sp. nov. (type strain MSL-19(T) =KCTC 19290(T) =DSM 19320(T)) and Nocardioides agariphilus sp. nov. (type strain MSL-28(T) =KCTC 19276(T) =DSM 19323(T)) are proposed.</P>

Rational design of forest-like nickel sulfide hierarchical architectures with ultrahigh areal capacity as a binder-free cathode material for hybrid supercapacitors

Rama Raju, G. Seeta,Pavitra, E.,Nagaraju, Goli,Sekhar, S. Chandra,Ghoreishian, Seyed Majid,Kwak, Cheol Hwan,Yu, Jae Su,Huh, Yun Suk,Han, Young-Kyu The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.6 No.27

<P>Evolution of a simple, efficient and reproducible strategy for the rational design of hierarchically structured metal chalcogenide-based supercapacitors has attracted considerable research interest in recent years. Herein, a facile wet-chemistry approach is employed to design three-dimensional forest-like porous nickel sulfide nanotrees on nickel foam (NiS NTs/Ni foam) for use as a cathode material in hybrid supercapacitors. The growth time plays a crucial role in controlling the surface morphology, and the optimal growth conditions (3 h at 85 °C) led to the growth of forest-like NiS NTs/Ni foam with reliable adherence. The forest-like NiS NTs/Ni foam shows maximum areal and specific capacities of 752.71 μA h cm<SUP>−2</SUP> and 342.1 mA h g<SUP>−1</SUP> at a current density of 4 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>, with an excellent cycling stability of 89.4%. This result is primarily due to the availability of more surface-active sites in the well-defined hierarchical architecture, which allow the rapid diffusion of electrolyte ions and minimize the electron transport limitation. Utilizing the hierarchical NiS NTs/Ni foam as a cathode and activated carbon-based anode, we further fabricated a hybrid supercapacitor, which demonstrates a wide potential window of 1.6 V with high areal energy and power densities of 0.472 mW h cm<SUP>−2</SUP> and 21.5 mW cm<SUP>−2</SUP>, respectively. The fabricated hybrid supercapacitor is successfully utilized to drive various electronic gadgets for real-life applications. The electrochemical performance of a hierarchically structured NiS-based binder-free electrode with our facile approach paves a new pathway for the development of novel metal chalcogenides for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors.</P>