담관계 감염증에서 혈액 및 담즙배양 균주의 특성과 항생제 감수성

송재훈,이철환,김양수,이성구,이근찬,민영일,김명환 대한감염학회 1994 감염 Vol.26 No.1

During a three-year period, 600 patients were admitted to the Asan Medical Center because of biliary tract diseases. Both aerobic and anaerobic cultures were performed in 313 patients with cholangitis (bile : 253, blood : 113, both : 53). Of these patients, 189 were positive(bile 159. blood 68. both 38). The most common organisms were E. coli, K pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa in both bile(respectively, 49.7%, 20.8%, 51.5%) and blood cultures(respectively, 45.6%, 26.5%, 22.1%). Antibiotic therapy did not sterilize bile, but selectively increased the proportions of P. aeruginosa. There was no significant difference in biliary bacteriology according to the history of biliary surgery, or the presence of percutaneous biliary drainage or underlying disease. More than 95% of gram-negative organisms isolated was highly susceptible to imipenem and amikacin. P. aeruginosa was resistant to ceftazidime in 63.3% which might be associated with overuse of the drug during the study period. Further studies will be necessary in patients with cholangitis to determine whether newer antibiotics replace previous combination therapy.

임베디드 시스템에서 Mobile IP 프로토콜 구현

宋東勳,裵振勝,鄭燦赫,吳世德,李基源,劉忠烈,河載承,李光培,金玄郁 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2005 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.24 No.-

With rapid growth of the internet, need for the mobile communication networks is increasing. In this paper, we implement and test Mobile IP Protocol in Embedded System. Our Mobile IP-based testbed consisted of two sub-networks and each sub-network was configured to operate independently through use of router. To satisfy integrated wired/wireless network model established on the testbed design and show generality of the testbed, we implemented mobile nodes, home agent, foreign agent and router on the basis of Linux operating system. As the results of the evaluation, we confirmed that mobile nodes operated properly according to Mobile IP Protocol.

햄스터에서 camostat mesilate와 proglumide가 담즙구성 성분에 미치는 영양

송영진,김성열,이상전,윤효영,장이찬,최재운 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1995 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.5 No.1

콜레스테롤 담석 생성 기전을 보면 콜레스테롤이 담즙산이나 인지질에 비해 과포화되어 담석이 형성되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 색소성 담석도 CCK의 분비저하와 연관이 있는 것으로 생각되고 있으나 담즙 구성 성분의 농축과 연관이 있는 지는 알려져 있지는 않다. Kim등의 실험에서 콜레시스토기닌이 항진되어 담즙 구성 성분이 희석되었다. 만약 콜레시스토키닌 분비를 감소시킨다면 담즙 구성 성분이 농축될지는 알려져 있지 않다. 콜레시스토키닌 분비의 증감에 따라 담즙 구성 성분이 희석, 농축된다면 콜레시스토키닌과 담즙 구성 성분은 유기적으로 작용한다고 생각되어 질 수 있다 이에 저자들은 콜레시스토키닌 분비를 억제하고, 항진시키면 담즙의 구성 성분이 농축되고, 희석될 것이라는 가설을 설정하였고, 콜레시스토키닌 분비 길항제로 알려진 proglumide와 콜레시스토키닌 항진제인 camostat mesilate를 햄스터에서 투여하여 담즙구성 성분의 변화를 살펴보고자 하였다. 햄스터 80마리를 크게 4군으로 나누어 비슷한 체중을 보이는 햄스터를 짝을 지어 쥐장 1개에 4마리씩 넣어 키웠다. I군(n=20)에서는 고탄수화물식을 Ⅱ군(n=20)은 1% proglumide를 함유한 고탄수화물식이를 Ⅲ군(n=20)은 0.2% camost mesilate를 함유한 고탄수화물식이를 Ⅳ군(n=20)은 1% proglumide와 0.2% camostat mesilate를 함유한 고탄수화물식이를 2주간 투여하였다. 실험시작 2주후 24시간 금식을 시킨후 동물을 희생시켰다. 담당에서 담즙을 채취하여 구성성분을 분석하였다. 사료소모량과 체중 증가는 Ⅱ군에서 가장 높았고 Ⅲ군에서 가장 낮았다(p value=0.003). 담즙 구성 성분중 총빌리루빈, 인지질은 Ⅱ군에서 가장 높았고 Ⅲ군에서 가장 낮았다(p value=0.02, 0.03). 콜레스테롤은 Ⅱ군에서 가장 높았고 Ⅲ군에서 가장 낮았지만 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p value=0.1). 담즙산은 대조군에서 가장 높았고, Ⅲ군에서 가장 낮았다(p value=0.06). 콜레시스토키닌분비 항진제와 길항제의 투여에 따라 담즙구성 성분중 총빌리루빈치와 인지질, 콜레스테롤은 희석되고 농축되었다. 이는 콜레시스토키닌의 분비 증감에 기인하는 것으로 추정되며 처음에 설정된 가설이 일부분 증명된 것이라고 생각된다. 담즙산이 proglumide를 투여한 군에서 대조군에 비해 낮은 것은 이 약제의 용량이 적었기 때문인 것으로 추정된다. Comostat mesilate를 투여한 Ⅲ군에서 사료소모량이 감소한 것은 콜레시스토키닌의 혈중농도가 상승했기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. It has been suggested that pigment stone formation is associated with decreased secretion of cholecystokinin. It has not defined yet for decreased secretion of cholecystokinin to concentrate bile composition will be diluted if cholecystokinin increase by camostat mesilate and if bile composition will be concentrated if cholecystokinin decrease by proglumide. The present study was undertaken to define the effect in dile composition after ingestion of proglumide and camostat mesilate in hamsters. Eighty hamsters were divided into 4 groups : Group I Fed high carbohydrate diet and libitum, Group Ⅱ fed high carbohydrate diet and 1% proglumide. Group Ⅲ fed high carbohydrate and 0.2% camostat mesilate diet for 2 weeks. Hamsters was sacrificed at 3rd week. GB bile was aspirated and gallbladdder bile was analysed by kits. The level of total bilirubin and phospholipid was highest in group Ⅱ and lowest in group Ⅲ(P value=0.02, 0.003). The level of cholesterol has similar trend but it was not statistically significant(p value=0.1). The level of bile acid was lower in Group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ than I, but not statistically significant(p value=0.06) In conclusion, Increased secretion of CCK by camostat mesilate dilute and decreased secretion of CCK by proglumide concentrated some bile composition, this effect may be derived from gallbladder contractility and bile flow. The reason why bile acid was not in similar pattern may come from inadequate dosage of drugs.

지난 2년간의 학회지 "신경정신의학" 심사 평가보고

김찬형,김세주,김도관,김성곤,박원명,송동호,박용천,이영문,오강섭,정영철,이상열,김주한,이동영,이헌정,함병주,김율리,김문두,김정진,이강욱,천근아,김재진,홍진표,홍승철 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.6

特用資源植物의 硏究 : 한국임학회지에 게재된 논문을 중심으로 Based on the Articles Published in the Journal of Korean Forestry

이재선,김철우,배찬호,송재모,강효진,황석인,문흥규 江原大學校 森林科學硏究所 2003 Journal of Forest Science Vol.19 No.-

한국임학회지 (1962년의 1호~2002년의 91권 6호)에 게재된 특용자원식물 관련 논문에서 식·음용식물, 약용식물, 사료식물, 조경식물, 섬유식물, 산업용식물 및 밀원식물로 분류하고 그 내용에 따라 입지환경, 생태, 생리, 번식, 조림(또는 무육, 재배), 유전·육종, 분류(또는 식별), 병·충해와 방제, 동물피해와 방제, 성분분석, 식생정보, 생물공학, 경영·경제 및 총설로 나누었다. 총 1,434편의 발표 논문 중 유용식물자원을 대상으로 한 논문은 27.6%를 차지하는 396편이었고, 내용은 식생정보 60편(15.2%), 생리 56편(14.1%), 유전·육종 56편(14.1%), 번식 53편(13.4%) 및 생태 37편(9.3%)이었다. 조림(무육·재배)은 11편(2.8%)으로 특용자원식물의 규모경영이 이루어지지 않고 있음을 시사하고 있으며, 이것은 경영·경제 분야가 6편(1.5%)인 것과 맥을 같이 하고 있었다. 연구대상 식물은 잣나무(42편), 아까시나무(23편), 밤나무(14편) 및 은행나무(14편) 순으로 높았고, 이 식물들과 관련한 연구내용은 번식, 생리, 유전·육종, 생태 및 병·충해 순이었다. 연구의 목적, 내용, 결과 및 대상식물 등을 고려하여 보면, 1) 초본식물에 대한 보다 많은 연구, 2) 타산업 또는 학분 분야와의 공동연구, 3) 자원 보전적 연구 및 4) 연구주체자 간의 연구결과의 공유 등이 매우 요망된다. The articles, published in the Journal of Korean Forestry from Number 1(1962) to number 6, Volume 91(2002), were surveyed and investigated for the research trend analysis about resource-plants for special use or purpose, i.e edible plants, medicinal plants, feed resource, landscape plants, fiber plants, industrial usage, and bee plants. If the purpose or subject matter of the research was construction or furniture timber production, mushrooms and/or pulp and Paper, such research was not included in this study. These articles were classified again depending on the content of research into 14 categories : habitat environment, ecology, physiology, propagation, silviculture(tending and culture), genetics and breeding, identification, insect and disease control, animal-related research, cemponent analysis, vegetation survey, biotechnology, management, and review. Among the total 1,434 articles published, 396 ones (27,6%) were related with plants for special use or purpose. Vegetation survey was 60(15.2%) ; physiology 56(04.1%) ; genetics and breeding 56(14.1%) ; propagation 53(13.4%) ; and ecology 37(9.3%). Siviculture research field included 11 articles (2.8%), which indicates that the management of resource-plants is to far from economic income as seen in the low number of management research filed articles, i. e., only 6 reports(1.5%). Korean white Pine was most popular for research and included 42 articles ; Robinia pseudoacacia 23 Castanea crenata 14 : and ginkgo tree 14, Research related with these species had focused mainly or propagation, physiotogy, genetics and breeding, ecology and pest control. Based on this survey and analysis, the followings are suggested : 1. More research is required on forest herbaceous plants. 2. Cooperative research work with other industrial and/or scientific area is recommendable for commercialization including medicine, cosmetics, and food etc. 3. Research resource-plant conservation. which includes biology, social education and policy, should be supported for next generation. 4. Mutual correspondence and information exchange about the research results between researchers and institutes is more necessary than now.

동진강 유역의 농업활동에 의한 수질변화와 실측부하량

원찬희,정팔진,김민정,현미희,박정훈,송재환 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2002 工學硏究 Vol.33 No.-

The entire duration of the research work was from December-2000 to July-2002. Site measurement were conducted during various season, in a dry season(December), in rainfall, in seed-sowing time and also collecting data from the rural public organizations related to water management was done and examined during the mid of research work. Generally, the Dong Jin River watershed contains small three Creeks, KoBu, DongJin(including JeongEup and ChilBo, WonPyong). It was further divided into 32 sub-watersheds which comprises of further 5, 18, 9 watersheds in the creeks respectively. Inflow loading to the river was calculated from measurement of general water quality and quantity and these field surveys were made thrice times in agricultural drainage channels, where fertilizers and pesticides leaching from the surface have an direct effect for the deterioration of the several creek and river. Estimation of contaminant loading has been done by using unit loading based on the notification No. 1999 - 143 of the Ministry of Environment. Most of estimated loading data reported during the research work were slightly higher when compared with the notification of the Ministry but they do not have any significant effect. It was assumed that sub-watersheds have considerable field survey loading data, which were affected due to non-point source pollution load as compared to point source. For investigation of surface rainfall ranging from .50㎜ during non-farming or .10 rainfall on the period of farming, BOD loadings in the field during farming showed slightly higher levels in comparison with discharge loadings, T-N also showed the similar trend as discussed earlier.

자궁암세포(HeLa)에 대한 사군자탕과 수종 항암제의 병용투여 효과

은재순,김현욱,소준노,오찬호,이송재 又石大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The studies were conducted to investigate the combined effects of Sa Kunja Tang(SKT) and several anti-cancer drugs. The effects of SKT and several anti-cancer drugs on the proliferation of HeLa cells, human cervical cell line, was estimated by MTT colorimetric assays. The SKT extract inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cell at 10^-4g/ml. The inhibitory action of the mitomycin C(MMC), mercaptopurine(MCP) and 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu) treated group, respectively, on the proliferation of HeLa cell was increased by the SKT. When the mice were treated by the MMC, the number of leukocyte was decreased significantly at the 1st and 3rd day, but recovered at the 7th day. In the groups of the MMC treated with the SKT, the number of leukocytes was increased significantly than the group of the MMC treated only at the 3rd day. The SKT extract decreased the thymus weight of mice. The SKT extract increased the number of plaque forming cells(PFC), but the MMC treated group decreased the number of PFC. The combined treatment of MMC and the SKT increased the number of PFC significantly than the MMC treated group. The SKT extract increased the proliferation of T cells, but the MMC treated group decreased the proliferation of T cells. The combined treatment of MMC and the SKT increased T cell proliferation significantly than the MMC treated group. In conclusion, the results presented in this paper suggest that the SKT extract can decrease the dose of anti-cancer drugs on HeLa cell, and recover the side dffects of the MMC, such as leukopenia and immunosuppresion, without any intercalating the anti-proliferative action of the MMC in vivo.

출력귀환과 스카이 훅 제어 방식에 의한 차량 현가 장치의 성능에 관한 연구

김재열,이규태,송찬일,정동화,서윤종,유신 한국공작기계학회 1996 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.5 No.4

The dynamic model of the suspension system is developed by using both sky-hook control and output feedback control techniques, based on the performance sensitivity index. Many vehicles use sky-hook control theory operated with only one sensor, due to relatively low cost and easy implementation. On the other hand, output feedback control implemented with state variables has difficulties in measuring such as tire deflection, etc.

Hg₁-xMnxTe산화막의 홀효과에 관한 연구

오재근,최기영,송재흥,김영국,채건식,주유환,설정식,손인호,차성극,이상찬 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 1996 硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-

HClO₄(pH:2) 수용액에서 양극산화 방법으로 HgMnTe(HMT)의 표면에 산화막을 형성 시켰다. 산화막의 두께는 SEM으로 측정하였으며 10㎛였다. 전류-전압 특성곡선을 얻어 산화 피크 전압으로부터 HTeO₂?, TeO?, HHgO₂? 막이 형성되었음을 알 수 있었다. 산화시키지 않은 HMT와 HClO₄수용액에서 산화시킨 HMT에 대해 Hall전압 및 자기저항을 각각 측정하였다. 홀전압과 자기저항은 HMT보다 HMT산화막에서 더 컸으며 이것은 HHgO₂? 공격자가 홀의 역할을 하고, TeO₄? 산화막은 전하의 포획도를 낮게하기 때문으로 생각할 수 있다. Anodic oxidation processes on HgMnTe surface has been studied in standard aqueous HClO₄(pH:2) solution. The 10㎛ thickness of the anodic oxide layers was measured by SEM. The Composition of the anodic oxide layers are evaluated from current-voltage(I-V) characteristic of HgMnTe Oxidation. The layers are composed of mixed oxide. ??, TeO₄, and?? in HClO₄solution. Transport properties have been investigated in HMT oxide layer made in HClO₄solution and virgin HMT samples at 300K. Hall voltage and magnetoresistance are greater in oxide layer HMT than virgin HMT. As a result, we know that the vacancy of ??in an anodic oxide layer acts as hole and the resulting oxide ?? layer exhibit a reduced degree of charge trapping and increase magnetoresistance.

수부의 외상성 중수지 관절 탈구의 치료

이승구,송석환,이주엽,문창윤,오재찬 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적 : 수부의 중수지 관절 탈구의 관혈적 정복이 필요했던 예에서는 정복을 방해하는 구조물에 대해 분석하고 도수 정복이 가능했던 예에서는 성별 및 탈구 형태에 따른 특성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 총 27예의 수부 중수지 관절 탁구 환자 (무지 11예, 이지 14예, 소지 2예)를 대상으로 연구하였다. 탈구된 중수지 관절의 정복을 방해하는 해부학적 구조는 수술시에 확인을 하였으며, 도수 정복이 가능하였던 예들에서도 연령과 손상된 구조물, 그리고 최종적인 임상 결과를 평균 7개월간 추시 관찰하였다. 결과 : 무지 중수지 관절의 탈구 11예 중 파열된 전방 관절낭, 수장판과 단무지 굴건의 파열을 동반한 복합 탈구가 8예 있어 관혈 정복을 시행하였으며, 2예에서만 도수 정복이 가능하였다. 관절염이 있던 1예는 관절 유합술을 시행하였다. 다른 수지의 중수지 관절의 탈구는 Kaplan의 개념에 따라 탈구를 수술 정복하였고 파열된 수장판을 복원하였으며, 1예에서 수술시 표재 중수 횡인대만의 절개와 이완으로 정복할 수 있었다. 소지 중수지 관절 탈구의 2예에서 파열된 요측 측부인대가 수술시 관찰되었고 이를 복원하여 수지의 불안정성을 예방하였다. 이들의 최종 결과는 특별한 운동 제한이나 불안정성 없이 좋은 결과를 보였다. 결론 : 적절한 국소 마취하에 도수 정복을 1~2회 시행할 수 있지만 단순 정복이 가능한 탈구가 부적절한 견인으로 정복이 불가능한 복합 탈구로 진행할 수 있다. 그리고 복합 탈구는 대부분 관혈적 정복이 필요하기 때문에, 정복 방해 구조물에 대한 충분한 이해와 적절한 조치가 필요하다. Purpose : To analyse the obstacles to prevent the reduction for dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints of the hand and evaluate the relationship between the sex and dislocation type in closed reduction case. Materials and Methods : Total 27 cases of MP joint dislocation of the hand (11 cases of thumb, and 14 index and 2 little finger) were reviewed retrospectively. The anatomical structures to prevent the reduction were confirmed at operation and the cases which were reduced immediately were also analysed for their ages and differences of damaged structures, and finally their complications or outcome were reviewed for average 7 months after reduction. Results : In 11 cases of thumb MP joint dislocations, the complex dorsal dislocations in which the protruded metacarpal neck was caught by buttonhole of torn anterior joint capsule, volar plate and FPB were reduced by open method in 8 cases, and closed reduction was done in 2 cases but one old case required arthrodesis. In other finger MP joint dislocations, the Kaplan's concept to prevent the reduction was confirmed. But reduction of torn volar plate and incision of transverse metacarpal ligament were sufficient to reduce the dislocation with gentle longitudinal traction during the operation. In two cases of little finger MP joint dislocation, the ruptured radial collateral ligaments were noted after open reduction and it must the repaired to prevent the finger instability later. Their overall end results were good without any significant restriction of MP joints motions and finger instabilities. Conclusion : One or two times of closed reduction with proper local anesthesia could be tried, but simple reducible dislocation can be converted to complex irreducible ones by the inappropriate traction method, and so proper reduction technique by closed or even in open way is important with the knowledge of anatomical obstacles to prevent the reduction of the metacarpophalangeal joints.