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Identification of Orfamide A as an Insecticidal Metabolite Produced by Pseudomonas protegens F6
Jang, Ja Yeong,Yang, Si Young,Kim, Young Cheol,Lee, Chul Won,Park, Myung Soo,Kim, Jin Cheol,Kim, In Seon American Chemical Society 2013 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.61 No.28
<P>The use of biosurfactants for agricultural crop protection has been gaining interest because they are generally biodegradable and environmentally friendly. In the present study, we identified an insecticidal biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas protegens F6 (F6) and examined its use for aphid control. The growth of F6 was accompanied by increased aphid mortality and decreased water surface tension. Bioassay-guided chromatography coupled with instrumental analyses, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF MS) identified orfamide A as a major metabolite that showed insecticidal activity against green peach aphid (Myzus persicae). Orfamide A revealed a dose-dependent mortality against aphids, producing a LC<SUB>50</SUB> value at 34.5 μg/mL, and caused a considerable decrease in the surface tension value of water, giving about 35.7 mN/m at 10 μg/mL. Laboratory and greenhouse mortality bioassays suggested that orfamide A may be applicable to control aphids in organic agriculture. This is the first report of orfamide A as an insecticidal metabolite against Myzus persicae.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2013/jafcau.2013.61.issue-28/jf401218w/production/images/medium/jf-2013-01218w_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jf401218w'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Jang, Ja Yeong,Le Dang, Quang,Choi, Yong Ho,Choi, Gyung Ja,Jang, Kyoung Soo,Cha, Byeongjin,Luu, Ngoc Hoang,Kim, Jin-Cheol American Chemical Society 2015 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.63 No.1
<P>The methanol extract of the aerial part of <I>Triumfetta grandidens</I> (Tiliaceae) was highly active against <I>Meloidogyne incognita</I>, with second-stage juveniles (J2s) mortality of 100% at 500 μg/mL at 48 h post-exposure. Two 4-quinolone alkaloids, waltherione E (<B>1</B>), a new alkaloid, and waltherione A (<B>2</B>), were isolated and identified as nematicidal compounds through bioassay-guided fractionation and instrumental analysis. The nematicidal activities of the isolated compounds against <I>M. incognita</I> were evaluated on the basis of mortality and effect on egg hatching. Compounds <B>1</B> and <B>2</B> exhibited high mortalities against J2s of <I>M. incognita</I>, with EC<SUB>50</SUB> values of 0.09 and 0.27 μg/mL at 48 h, respectively. Compounds <B>1</B> and <B>2</B> also exhibited a considerable inhibitory effect on egg hatching, which inhibited 91.9 and 87.4% of egg hatching, respectively, after 7 days of exposure at a concentration of 1.25 μg/mL. The biological activities of the two 4-quinolone alkaloids were comparable to those of abamectin. In addition, pot experiments using the crude extract of the aerial part of <I>T. grandidens</I> showed that it completely suppressed the formation of gall on roots of plants at a concentration of 1000 μg/mL. These results suggest that <I>T. grandidens</I> and its bioactive 4-quinolone alkaloids can be used as a potent botanical nematicide in organic agriculture.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2015/jafcau.2015.63.issue-1/jf504572h/production/images/medium/jf-2014-04572h_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jf504572h'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Characterization of Nivalenol-Producing Fusarium asiaticum That Causes Cereal Head Blight in Korea
Jang, Ja Yeong,Baek, Seul Gi,Choi, Jung-Hye,Kim, Sosoo,Kim, Jeomsoon,Kim, Da-Woon,Yun, Sung-Hwan,Lee, Theresa The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.6
Fusarium asiaticum of the F. graminearum species complex causes head blight in small-grain cereals. The nivalenol (NIV) chemotypes of F. asiaticum is more common than the deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotypes of F. asiaticum or F. graminearum in Korea. To understand the prevalence of F. asiaticum-NIV in Korean cereals, we characterized the biological traits of 80 cereal isolates of F. asiaticum producing NIV or 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), and 54 F. graminearum with 3-ADON or 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON). There was no significant difference in mycelial growth between the chemotypes, but F. asiaticum isolates grew approximately 30% faster than F. graminearum isolates on potato dextrose agar. Sexual and asexual reproduction capacities differed markedly between the two species. Both chemotypes of F. graminearum (3-ADON and 15-ADON) produced significantly higher numbers of perithecia and conidia than F. asiaticum-NIV. The highest level of mycotoxins (sum of trichothecenes and zearalenone) was produced by F. graminearum-3-ADON on rice medium, followed by F. graminearum-15-ADON, F. asiaticum-3-ADON, and F. asiaticum-NIV. Zearalenone levels were correlated with DON levels in some chemotypes, but not with NIV levels. Disease assessment on barley, maize, rice, and wheat revealed that both F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates were virulent toward all crops tested. However, there is a tendency that virulence levels of F. asiaticum-NIV isolates on rice were higher than those of F. graminearum isolates. Taken together, the phenotypic traits found among the Korean F. asiaticum-NIV isolates suggest an association with their host adaptation to certain environments in Korea.
Characterization of Nivalenol-Producing Fusarium asiaticum That Causes Cereal Head Blight in Korea
Ja Yeong Jang,Seul Gi Baek,Jung-Hye Choi,Sosoo Kim,김점순,김다운,윤성환,이데레사 한국식물병리학회 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.6
Fusarium asiaticum of the F. graminearum species complex causes head blight in small-grain cereals. The nivalenol (NIV) chemotypes of F. asiaticum is more common than the deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotypes of F. asiaticum or F. graminearum in Korea. To understand the prevalence of F. asiaticum–NIV in Korean cereals, we characterized the biological traits of 80 cereal isolates of F. asiaticum producing NIV or 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), and 54 F. graminearum with 3-ADON or 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON). There was no significant difference in mycelial growth between the chemotypes, but F. asiaticum isolates grew approximately 30% faster than F. graminearum isolates on potato dextrose agar. Sexual and asexual reproduction capacities differed markedly between the two species. Both chemotypes of F. graminearum (3-ADON and 15-ADON) produced significantly higher numbers of perithecia and conidia than F. asiaticum–NIV. The highest level of mycotoxins (sum of trichothecenes and zearalenone) was produced by F. graminearum–3-ADON on rice medium, followed by F. graminearum–15-ADON, F. asiaticum–3- ADON, and F. asiaticum–NIV. Zearalenone levels were correlated with DON levels in some chemotypes, but not with NIV levels. Disease assessment on barley, maize, rice, and wheat revealed that both F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates were virulent toward all crops tested. However, there is a tendency that virulence levels of F. asiaticum–NIV isolates on rice were higher than those of F. graminearum isolates. Taken together, the phenotypic traits found among the Korean F. asiaticum–NIV isolates suggest an association with their host adaptation to certain environments in Korea.
불가사리 추출물의 복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus Persicae) 살충활성
장자영 ( Ja Yeong Jang ),이솔 ( Sol Yi ),정이영 ( Iee Young Jung ),최은현 ( Eun Hyun Choi ),조욱희 ( Uk Hee Jo ),양시영 ( Jung Mi Seo ),서정미 ( Si Young Yang ),김인선 ( In Seon Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2011 한국환경농학회지 Vol.30 No.2
BACKGROUND: Starfish is one of major sea invertebrates that have become a serious economic threat to aquacultural farms in Korea. Much effort has sacrificed to reduce the economic losses of the farms by predatory starfish, including developing and searching biological resources for medicinal and agricultural purposes. In the present study, we investigated aphicidal activity of the extracts from the starfish Asterina pectinifera against green peach aphid. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fresh starfishes were cut into small pieces, homogenized and soaked in methanol. The methanol extracts were centrifuged and the resulting supernatant was subjected to aphicidal activity assays and a series of silica gel column chromatography. More than 70% mortality of aphids were observed by the extracts at a concentration of 1,000 mg/L, exhibiting dose-dependent mortality. TOF-MS analyses detected polyhydroxysteroid as a main aphicidal compound from the starfish extracts. Transmission electronic microscopy could demonstrate that the extracts with polyhydroxysteroid caused aphids death by affecting their epicuticular membrane. CONCLUSION(s): This is the first report of aphicidal activity of the starfish Asterina pectinifera extracts against green peach aphid. Starfish biological resources may be used as a potential candidate for developing a new type natural insecticide.
Seul Gi Baek(Seul Gi Baek),Jin Ju Park(Jin Ju Park),Sosoo Kim(Sosoo Kim),Mi-Jeong Lee(Mi-Jeong Lee),Ji-Seon Paek(Ji-Seon Paek),Jangnam Choi(Jangnam Choi),Ja Yeong Jang(Ja Yeong Jang),Jeomsoon Kim(Jeom 한국식물병리학회 2022 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.38 No.6
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most serious diseases in barley and wheat, as it is usually accompanied by the production of harmful mycotoxins in the grains. To identify FHB-resistant breeding resources, we evaluated 60 elite germplasm accessions of barley (24) and wheat (36) for FHB and mycotoxin accumulation. Assessments were performed in a greenhouse and five heads per accession were inoculated with both Fusarium asiaticum (Fa73, nivalenol producer) and F. graminearum (Fg39, deoxynivalenol producer) strains. While the accessions varied in disease severity and mycotoxin production, four wheat and one barley showed <20% FHB severity repeatedly by both strains. Mycotoxin levels in these accessions ranged up to 3.9 mg/ kg. FHB severity was generally higher in barley than in wheat, and Fa73 was more aggressive in both crops than Fg39. Fg39 itself, however, was more aggressive toward wheat and produced more mycotoxin in wheat than in barley. FHB severity by Fa73 and Fg39 were moderately correlated in both crops (r = 0.57/0.60 in barley and 0.42/0.58 in wheat). FHB severity and toxin production were also correlated in both crops, with a stronger correlation for Fa73 (r = 0.42/0.82 in barley, 0.70 in wheat) than for Fg39.
다중위상-그레이코드 카운터를 이용한 적외선 센서용 저전력 ADC 설계
김영선(Yeong Seon Kim),장병탁(Byung Tak Jang),임현자(Hyun Ja Im),이희철(Hee Chul Lee) 대한전자공학회 2018 전자공학회논문지 Vol.55 No.10
본 논문에서는 저전력 적외선 영상 시스템을 위하여, 다중위상-그레이코드 카운터를 적용한 아날로그 디지털 변환 회로(Analog to Digital Converter, ADC)를 제안하였다. 제안한 회로는 column-level single slope ADC 구조에 다중위상-그레이코드 카운터를 적용하여 기존의 이진수 디지털 카운터에서 요구하는 클럭 주파수를 낮추어 전력소모를 감소시키고, 디지털 노이즈에 강인한 특성을 갖는다. 또한 CTIA ramp 회로, column 별 비교기와 메모리를 통해 다중 column에서 입력되는 적외선 입력 신호를 동시에 변환할 수 있다. 제안한 회로는 0.18um CMOS 공정을 통해 설계 되었으며, 단위 column 회로의 전력소모는 171uW 이다. In this paper, we proposed an analog to digital converter(ADC) with multi phase-gray code digital counter for low power infrared image system. The proposed column-level single slope ADC can reduce clock frequency required in conventional binary digital counter and have lower power consumption with robustness to digital noise. Furthermore, the designed CTIA ramp generator, comparator and memory in each column can convert the multiple column infrared input signal at the same time. The proposed circuit was designed with 0.18um CMOS process. The power consumption result of the proposed unit column circuit was 171uW.