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운반기체와 Ligand의 첨가가 MOCVD Cu 증착에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
최정환(J. H. Choi),변인재(I. J. Byun),양희정(H. J. Yang),이원희(W. H. Lee),이재갑(J. G. Lee) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2000 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.9 No.3
(hfac)Cu(l,5-COD)(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentadionato Cu(I) 1,5-cyclooctadine) 증착원을 이용하여 MOCVD(Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) Cu 박막을 형성하였고, 운반기체가 MOCVD Cu 증착 특성에 미치는 영향에 관하여 조사하였다. 증착된 Cu 박막은 H₂ 운반 기체를 사용한 경우 Ar을 운반기체로 사용한 경우에 비하여 증착률의 증가와 더불어 낮은 비저항을 갖는 박막을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 표면 거칠기의 개선과 강한 (111) 우선 배향성을 나타내는 박막을 얻을 수 있었으나 접착성의 경우에 있어서는 H₂ 운반 기체를 사용한 경우 감소하는 결과를 나타내었다. 이러한 접착성 감소의 원인은 AES분석에서 확인된 바와 같이 박막내부에 존재하는 F의 영향인 것으로 사료된다. H(hfac) ligand의 첨가 효과에 대하여 조사한 결과에서는 Ar 운반 기체를 사용한 경우 H(hfac) 첨가 시 증착률의 향상이 이루어졌으나 H₂ 운반 기체의 경우 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았고, 비저항의 경우에는 운반 기체와 관계없이 감소하는 결과를 보여 H(hfac) 사용이 증착 특정 개선에 효과적으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 운반기체 변화 및 H(hfac) ligand의 첨가 실험을 통해 MOCVD Cu의 증착기구를 조사하였으며, 이러한 공정조건의 변화가 Cu 박막의 표면거칠기 개선과 동시에 비저항을 낮추는 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. The deposition characteristics of MOCVD Cu using the (hfac)Cu(1,5-COD)(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentadionato Cu(I) 1,5-cyclooctadine) have been investigated in terms of the effects of carrier gas such as hydrogen and argon as well as the effects of H(hfac) ligand addition. MOCVD Cu using a hydrogen carrier gas led to a higher deposition rate and lower resistivity than an argon carrier gas system. The improvement in the surface roughness of the MOCVD Cu films and the (111) preferred orientation texture was obtained by using a hydrogen carrier gas. However, the adhesion characteristics of the films showed relatively weaker compared to the Ar carrier gas system, probably due to the larger amount of F content in the films, which was confirmed by the AES analyses. When an additional H(hfac) ligand was added, the deposition rate was significantly enhanced in the case of an argon + H(hfac) carrier gas system while significant change in the deposition rate of MOCVD Cu was not observed in the case of the hydrogen carrier gas system. However, the addition of H(hfac) in both carrier gases led to lowering the resistivity of the MOCVD Cu films. In conclusion, this paper suggests the deposition mechanism of MOCVD Cu and is expected to contribute to the enhancement of smooth Cu films with a low resistivity by manipulating the deposition conditions such as the carrier gas and addition of H(hfac) ligand.
H. pylori 제균 실패율과 clarithromycin 내성률의 일치성
허재형 ( J. H. Heo ),남승우 ( S. W. Nam ),노임환 ( I. H. Roe ),양미라 ( M. R. Yang ),김정택 ( J. T. Kim ),송일환 ( I. H. Song ),임창영 ( C. Y. Lim ),김정원 ( J. W. Kim ),신지현 ( J. H. Shin ) 대한소화기학회 2002 대한소화기학회 춘계학술대회 Vol.2002 No.-
<목적> H. pylori 제균 치료성적을 좌우하는 요소에는 약제와 대상 환자군의 선정, 균검사방법의 차이, 항생제 저항성 등이 중요시되고 있다. 이 중에서도 항생제 저항성은 나라간의 H. pylori 제균 성적을 다르게 하는 대표적인 원인이다. 우리나라는 제균률이 외국보다 저조하여 85%내외로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 H. pylori 제균 실패율과 clarithromycin 내성률을 조사하여 제균 실패 원인으로서의 clarithromycin
H. pylori성 위염에서 위축진행과 Myeloperoxidase(MPO) 유전자 다형성(genetic polymorphism)의 관련성
이만용 ( M. Y. Lee ),노임환 ( I. H. Roe ),양미라 ( M. R. Yang ),남승우 ( S. W. Nam ),허재형 ( J. H. Heo ),임창영 ( C. Y. Lim ),송일한 ( I. H. Song ),김정원 ( J. W. Kim ),신지현 ( J. H. Shin ) 대한소화기학회 2002 대한소화기학회 춘계학술대회 Vol.2002 No.-
<목적> H. pylori는 위 점막에서 많은 중성구들의 침윤이 특징적으로 관찰되는 활동성 위염을 일으키며 중성구들에서 나오는 많은 산소라디칼 등은 상피세포의 손상과 apoptosis을 유도하고 위축성 변화로 진전하는데 주도적인 역할을 한다. 특히 중성구의 myeloperioxidase(MPO)는 산소라디칼의 공격적인 산화적 잠재력을 중폭시키고 monochloramine을 생성하여 위세포의 손상과 위축성 변화를 야기한다고 이해되고 있다. 그러나 위축성위
Yang, H.J.,Kim, M.J.,Kwon, D.Y.,Kang, E.S.,Kang, S.,Park, S. Elsevier Sequoia 2017 Journal of Ethnopharmacology Vol.208 No.-
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Taraxacum coreanum Nakai has been traditionally used for treating inflammatory diseases including gastrointestinal diseases. Aim of the study: We studied whether water extracts of Taraxacum coreanum Nakai (TCN) had a protective effect on acute and chronic gastritis induced by ethanol/HCl in an animal model of gastritis and its mechanism was also explored. Materials and methods: In the acute study, rats were orally administered 0.15g/mL dextrin (normal-control), 0.15g/mL dextrin (control), 0.05g/mL TCN (TCN-L), 0.15g/mL TCN (TCN-H), or 0.01g/mL omeprazole (orally; positive-control), followed by oral administration of 1mL of 60% ethanol plus 150mM HCl (inducer). In the chronic study, rats were administered 10% diluted inducer in drinking water, and 0.6% dextrin, 0.2% or 0.6% TCN, and 0.05% omeprazole were administered in chow for 4 weeks. Acid content, gastric structure, oxidative stress, and markers of inflammation in the stomach tissue were measured at the end of experiment. Results: Acute and chronic ethanol/HCl administration caused the inner layer of the stomach to redden, hemorrhage, and edema in the control group; TCN-H reduced these symptoms more effectively than did the omeprazole positive-control. Acid production and total acidity in the stomach increased in the control group, which was markedly suppressed by omeprazole. TCN also reduced the acid production and acidity, but not to the same degree as omeprazole. H-E and PAS staining revealed that in the inner layer of the stomach, cellular structure was disrupted, with an increased nuclear size and thickness, disarrangement, and decreased mucin in the control group. TCN prevented the cellular disruption in the inner layer, and TCN-H was more effective than the positive-control. This was associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. TCN dose-dependently reduced the infiltration of mast cells and TNF-α expression in the inner layer of the stomach, and decreased lipid peroxides by increasing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase expression. Conclusions: TCN-H acutely and chronically protected against gastritis and gastric ulcer by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, not by completely suppressing gastric acid production.
MicroRNA-221 governs tumor suppressor HDAC6 to potentiate malignant progression of liver cancer
Bae, H.J.,Jung, K.H.,Eun, J.W.,Shen, Q.,Kim, H.S.,Park, S.J.,Shin, W.C.,Yang, H.D.,Park, W.S.,Lee, J.Y.,Nam, S.W. Elsevier Science Publishers 2015 Journal of hepatology Vol.63 No.2
Background & Aims: Most common reason behind changes in histone deacetylase (HDAC) function is its overexpression in cancer. However, among HDACs in liver cancer, HDAC6 is uniquely endowed with a tumor suppressor, but the mechanism underlying HDAC6 inactivation has yet to be uncovered. Methods: Microarray profiling and target prediction programs were used to identify miRNAs targeting HDAC6. A series of inhibitors, activators and siRNAs was introduced to validate regulatory mechanisms for microRNA-221-3p (miR-221) governing HDAC6 in hepatocarcinogenesis. Results: Comprehensive miRNA profiling analysis identified seven putative endogenous miRNAs that are significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While miR-221 was identified as a suppressor of HDAC6 by ectopic expression of miRNA mimics in Dicer knockdown cells, targeted-disruption of miR-221 repressed cancer cell growth through derepressing HDAC6 expression. Suppression of HDAC6 via miR-221 was induced by JNK/c-Jun signaling in liver cancer cells but not in normal hepatic cells. Additionally, cytokine-induced NF-κBp65 independently regulated miR-221, thereby suppressing HDAC6 expression in HCC cells. HCC tissues derived from chemical-induced rat and H-ras12V transgenic mice liver cancer models validated that JNK/c-Jun activation and NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation are essential for the transcription of miR-221 leading to repression of HDAC6 in HCC. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the functional loss or suppression of the tumor suppressor HDAC6 is caused by induction of miR-221 through coordinated JNK/c-Jun- and NF-κB-signaling pathways during liver tumorigenesis, providing a novel target for the molecular treatment of liver malignancies.
Lim, H.J.,Kim, G.D.,Jung, E.Y.,Seo, H.W.,Joo, S.T.,Jin, S.K.,Yang, H.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.8
This study was done to investigate the quality properties of beef jerky with soy sauce, red pepper paste, and soybean paste replacing salt. Sliced beef samples were cured in salt (control), soy sauce, red pepper paste, and soybean paste for 24 or 48 h and then dried at $70^{\circ}C$ for 8 h. Treatments showed higher final moisture content and lower $Na^+$ concentration than the control after drying for 8 h. The lightness and shear force values were lower in all treatment samples than in the control during 48 h of curing time. In particular, lower lipid oxidation was found in the jerky cured with red pepper paste than in the control. Sensory evaluation showed that color, flavor, and tenderness of jerky samples were improved by replacing salt with soy sauce, red pepper paste and soybean paste, and higher likeability scores of the beef jerky were obtained among those treatments after 48 h of curing time.
Hyers-Ulam Stability of Quadratic Functional Equations in Paranormed Spaces
Choi, J.,Yang, J.H.,Park, C. Eudoxus Press LLC 2014 Journal of computational analysis and applications Vol.16 No.3
Lin [18, 19] introduced and investigated the following quadratic functional equationscf(Sigma(n)(i=1)x(i)) + Sigma(n)(j=2)f (Sigma(n)(i=1)x(i) - (n + c - 1)x(j)) (0.1)= (n + c - 1) (f(x(1)) + c Sigma(n)(i=2)f(x(i)) + Sigma(n)(i<j,j=3) (Sigma(n-1)(i=2)f(x(i) - x(j)))),Q(Sigma(n)(i=1)d(i)x(i)) + Sigma(1 <= i<j <= n) d(i)d(j)Q(x(i) - x(j)) = (Sigma(n)(i=1)d(i)) (Sigma(n)(i=1)d(i)Q(x(i))). (0.2)In this paper, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the above quadratic functional equations in para-normed spaces.
Shin, J.,Jung, Y.H.,Cho, D.H.,Park, M.,Lee, K.E.,Yang, Y.,Jeong, C.,Sung, B.H.,Sohn, J.H.,Park, J.B.,Kweon, D.H. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2015 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.79 No.-
Caveolae are membrane-budding structures that exist in many vertebrate cells. One of the important functions of caveolae is to form membrane curvature and endocytic vesicles. Recently, it was shown that caveolae-like structures were formed in Escherichia coli through the expression of caveolin-1. This interesting structure seems to be versatile for a variety of biotechnological applications. Targeting of heterologous proteins in the caveolae-like structure should be the first question to be addressed for this purpose. Here we show that membrane proteins co-expressed with caveolin-1 are embedded into the heterologous caveolae (h-caveolae), the cavaolae-like structures formed inside the cell. Two transmembrane SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins, Syntaxin 1a and vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2), were displayed on the h-caveolae surface. The size of the h-caveolae harboring the transmembrane proteins was ~100nm in diameter. The proteins were functional and faced outward on the h-caveolae. Multi-spanning transmembrane proteins FtsH and FeoB could be included in the h-caveolae, too. Furthermore, the recombinant E. coli cells were shown to endocytose substrate supplemented in the medium. These results provide a basis for exploiting the h-caveolae formed inside E. coli cells for future biotechnological applications.