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Transmembrane Domain—Dependent Functional Oligomerization of Syndecans
Yi, Jae Youn,Han, Innoc,Oh, Eok-Soo TheScientificWorldJOURNAL 2006 The Scientific World Journal Vol.6 No.-
<P>Cell surface adhesion receptors of the syndecan family initiate intracellular events through clustering of receptors. This crucial clustering occurs through receptor dimerization or oligomerization, which is mediated by receptor transmembrane domains. However, the exact role of the transmembrane domain during receptor activation is not fully understood. Researchers have not yet determined whether the transmembrane domain functions solely in the physical aspects of receptor clustering, or whether the domain has additional functional roles. Here we review recent advances in understanding the functionality of transmembrane domain—dependent oligomerization of syndecan cell adhesion receptor.</P>
Regulation of IL-18 expression by CRH in mouse microglial cells
Yang, Yoolhee,Hahm, Eunsil,Kim, Youngin,Kang, Jaeseung,Lee, Wangjae,Han, Innoc,Myung, Pyungkeun,Kang, Hyungsik,Park, Hyunjeong,Cho, Daeho 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2004 논문집 Vol. No.8
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) is a major regulator of the stress response. This study examined whether CRH regulates interleukin-18 expression on microglia, BV2. Our data show that CRH enhanced IL-18 expression and significantly induced the secretion of functional IL-18 protein. Furthermore, CRH induced IL-18 production could be blocked by N-acetyl-L-cystein (NAC), which suggests that reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) may be involved in regulating IL-18. Indeed, it was also found that CRH increased the generation of ROI. Taken together, these results indicate that CRH is an important mediator that regulates IL-18 expression in the brain during stress.
Dysfunction of Retinal Cell and Optic Nerve by Continuous Cerebroventricular Infusion of Glucosamine
Younghwa Kim,Hwa-Young Lee,Hoo Jae Hann,Innoc Han,Seikwan Oh,Rumin Jun,Kyu-Ryong Choi 대한검안학회 2004 Annals of optometry and contact lens Vol.3 No.3
It has been known that excessive glucose flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and accumulation of glucosamine could reduce the neuroprotective effect of insulin or directly affect survival mechanism in retinal neurons. We have investigated the effect of glucosamine on the retinal cells by continuous infusion into the cerebroventricle, using osmotic mini-pumps to avoid peripheral effects. Continuous intra cerebroventricular (i.c.v) infusion of glucosamine at a rate of 10μⅼ/hr(0.1 ㎛ol) for 7 days resulted in morphological changes in the optic nerve at the electron microscopic level as well as morphological changes in the retina at light microscopic level. Retina was cut into 10㎛ thick on a cryostat and sections were collected on gelatin-coated slides. Retinal sections were immunostained for the morphological changes of astrocytes. GFAP immunoreactivity appeared not only in the Muller cells but also in many of the radial processes of Muller cells. The ultrathin (50 nm) transverse sections of the optic nerve (2 mm behind the eyeball) were transferred to grids and examined with an electron microscope. The optic nerve showed deformed axons and slight lamellar separation of myelin sheath after continuous infusion with glucosamine. Interestingly, vacuoles were observed in the deformed axons and retinal layers were folded and detached. These results suggest that glucosamine plays a major role in induction of morphological dysfunction in retina and optic nerves.
Regulation of IL-18 expression by CRH in mouse microglial cells
Yang, Yoolhee,Hahm, Eunsil,Kim, Youngin,Kang, Jaeseung,Lee, Wangjae,Han, Innoc,Myung, Pyungkeun,Kang, Hyungsik,Park, Hyunjeong,Cho, Daeho 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is a major regulator of the stress response. This study examined whether CRH regulates interleukin-18 expression on microglia, BV2. Our data show that CRH enhanced IL-18 expression and significantly induced the secretion of functional IL-18 protein. Furthermore, CRH induced IL-18 production could be blocked by N-acetyl-L-cystein (NAC), which suggests that reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) may be involved in regulating IL-I8. Indeed, it was also found that CRH increased the generation of ROJ. Taken together, these results indicate that CRH is an important mediator that regulates IL-18 expression in the brain during stress.