Species and habitat-dependent accumulation and biomagnification of brominated flame retardants and PBDE metabolites

Choo, Gyojin,Lee, In-Seok,Oh, Jeong-Eun Elsevier 2019 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.371 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The occurrence, species- and habitat-dependent distribution of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and PBDE metabolites comprising 27 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 3 hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 17 methoxylated (MeO-) BDEs, and 8 hydroxylated (OH-) BDEs were determined in marine environments (sediment and seawater) and 20 biota species in food web in the southern part of Korea. The concentration of HBCDs was statistically higher in both pelagic (5.73–60.1 ng/g lipid weight [lw]) and demersal fish (2.45–31.3 ng/g lw), whereas a higher level of OH-BDEs was observed in benthic invertebrates (2.48–40.7 ng/g lw), suggesting different composition of BFRs and PBDE metabolites between species. The concentrations of TBBPA and MeO-BDEs were significantly higher in pelagic fish (1.31–11.3, 6.15–61.5 ng/g lw) than in demersal fish (not detected [N.D.]–4.45, 0.956–8.52 ng/g lw) and benthic invertebrates (N.D.–8.11, 0.182–4.65 ng/g lw), reflecting a dependence on habitat. Additionally, analogue distribution of PBDEs in pelagic fish was similar to that in seawater, whereas the distribution in demersal fish and benthic invertebrates was similar to the distribution in sediment. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and trophic magnification factor (TMF) of α-HBCD, some of PBDEs, and 6-MeO-BDE47 were up to 5000 and 1, respectively, suggesting strong bioaccumulation and biomagnification.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Different distributions of BFRs and PBDE metabolites were observed according to the species and habitat of biota. </LI> <LI> The level of HBCDs was higher in pelagic and demersal fish, whereas OH-BDE level was higher in benthic invertebrates. </LI> <LI> The concentrations of MeO-BDEs and TBBPA in pelagic fish were higher than those in demersal fish and benthic invertebrates. </LI> <LI> α-HBCD, some congeners of PBDEs (BDE49, 71, 100), and 6-MeO-BDE47 were strongly biomagnified and bioaccumulated. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

PBDEs and their structural analogues in marine environments: Fate and expected formation mechanisms compared with diverse environments

Choo, Gyojin,Kim, Da-Hye,Kim, Un-Jung,Lee, In-Seok,Oh, Jeong-Eun Elsevier 2018 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.343 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The concentrations and relative distributions of 27 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 17 methoxylated (MeO-) and 8 hydroxylated (OH-) BDEs were determined in marine environments including sediments, bivalves, and seawater along the southern coast of South Korea to understand their fates and possible formation mechanisms. The relative and substituent distributions of the PBDEs and their structural analogues varied according to the characteristics of the media. PBDEs were dominant in marine sediments and seawater, whereas MeO-BDEs made the highest contributions in bivalves. Similar patterns were previously identified in inland environments in Korea, except in river water where OH-BDEs were dominant. The natural formation of structural analogues might be the main mechanism in marine, as <I>ortho</I>-substituted naturally occurring MeO- and OH-BDEs were dominant in all media and seemed to be more produced than in inland environments. In addition, the higher concentrations of meta-substituted MeO-BDEs nearshore than offshore was observed. This is the first study comparing marine (near- and offshore) and inland to understand the differences in their fate and possible formation mechanisms in each environmental conditions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The distributions of PBDEs and their structural analogues were compared between marine (near- and offshore) and inland. </LI> <LI> PBDEs dominated in abiotic media, whereas MeO-BDEs were dominant in biota. </LI> <LI> Natural formation might be the main mechanism for PBDE structural analogues in marine and was highly occurred than in inland. </LI> <LI> The higher contributions of meta-MeO-BDEs were observed in inland and nearshore than offshore. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

사회적 네트워크 유형 별 내향 중심성이 직무 스트레스에 미치는 차별적 영향

신인용(In Yoing Shin),이기현(Ki Hyun Lee),오홍석(Hong Seok Oh) 한국경영학회 2013 經營學硏究 Vol.42 No.4

As interdependent tasks have been increasing and the necessity of smooth communication among employees has been emphasized in organizations, scholars and practitioners are interested in the effects of social support from social relationships on job stress. Drawing on a social network perspective, we examined that social ties among organizational members influenced the level of job stress which they experience. We especially expected that the types of social networks in which employees were embedded (task-advice networks, friendship networks, and negative affect networks) were respectively linked to the provision, reception, and absence of social support, which in turn led to differently affecting individual job stress. According to the results of this study based on the survey data from employees in two organizations, the persons who occupied in-degree centrality in friendship networks were more likely to receive social support from the other employees and then their levels of job stress reduced, whereas the employees who were located in in-degree centrality in negative affect networks were less likely to receive social support from the other members, resulting in increasing the level of job stress they experienced. In addition, we hypothesized the U-shaped relationship between in-degree centrality in task-advice networks and individual job stress. In other words, we anticipated that the central persons in task-advice networks to the certain level tended to experience lower levels of job stress by the increased sense of control and self-esteem about themselves, and beyond the optimum level they were likely to experience higher levels of job stress because they were excessively granted the role of providing social support to the others. However, this hypothesis was not supported. This study suggests that the extent of centrality by the types of social networks differently influences the levels of job stress which organizational membersexperience.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

법랑모세포 분화와 법랑질 형성과정에서 OD314, Apin protein의 발현 및 기능

박종태,최용석,김흥중,정문진,오현주,신인철,박주철,손호현 대한치과보존학회 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.6

본 연구에서는 법랑모세포 분화와 법랑질 형성에 연관이 있는 OD314 일명 Apin protein의 기능을 밝힐 목적으로, in-situ hybridization에 의한 OD314 mRNA 발현과 법랑모세포 세포주에서 OD314 enamel matrix protein의 발현, 그리고 OD314 유전자를 과발현/억제시킬 수 있는 construct를 제작한 후 법랑질 형성 중에 OD314의 기능을 알아보고자 RT-PCR를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. OD314 mRNA는 발생중인 상아모세포보다 법랑모세포에서 강하게 발현되었다. 2. Tuftelin은 석회화 결정이 형성되는 14일까지 발현이 지속되고, 그 이후부터 점차 감소하였다. Amelogenin과enamelin은 7일부터 그 발현이 점점 감소하였다. 3. U6-OD314 siRNA construct를 이용하여 transfection한 법랑모세포 세포주는 OD314와 tuftelin,MMP2 mRNA 발현이 감소하였으며, CM-OD314를 transfection하여 OD314의 과발현을 유도한 경우에는 OD314와 MMP20 mRNA의 발현이 뚜렷이 증대되었다. 이 결과는 OD314가 법랑모세포의 분화와 법랑질의 형성 그리고 석회화 과정에 중요한 역할을 하는 새로운 인자임을 시사한다. This study was aimed to elucidate the biological function of OD314 (Apin protein), which is related to ameloblast differentiation and amelogenesis. Apin protein, calcifying epithelial odontogenic (pindborg) tumors (CEOTs)-associated amyloid, were isolated from CEOTs, and has similar nucleotide sequences to OD314. We examined expression of the OD314 mRNA using in-situ hybridization during tooth development in mice. Expression of OD314 and several enamel matrix proteins were examined in the cultured ameloblast cell line up to 28 days by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification. After inactivation and over-expression of the OD314 gene in ameloblast cell lines using U6 vector-driven RNA interference and CMV-OD314 construct, RT-PCR were performed to evaluate the effect of the OD314 during amelogenesis. The results were as follows: 1. In in-situ hybridization, OD314 mRNAs were more strongly expressed in ameloblast than odontoblast. 2. When ameloblast cells were cultured in the differentiation and mineralization medium for 28 days, the tuftelin mRNA expression was maintained from the beginning to day 14, and then gradually decreased to day 28. The expressions of amelogenin and enamelin were gradually decreased according to the ameloblast differentiation. 3. Inactivation of OD314 by U6-OD314 siRNA construct down-regulated the expression of OD314, MMP-20, and tuftelin, whereas over-expression of OD314 by CMV-OD314 construct up-regulated the expression of OD314 and MMP-20 without change in tuftelin. These results suggest that OD314 is considered as an ameloblast-enriched gene and may play the important roles in ameloblast differentiation and mineralization.

Comparison of clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised conditions

( Hong-joon Shin ),( Min-seok Kim ),( Bo Gun Kho ),( Ha Young Park ),( Tae-ok Kim ),( Cheol-kyu Park ),( Yong-soo Kwon ),( In-jae Oh ),( Yu-il Kim ),( Sung-chul Lim ),( Young- Chul Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-

Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a fatal respiratory infection frequently associated with immunocompromised (IC) conditions. Although PCP has been reported in non-immunocompromised (non-IC) patients, however, few studies have been conducted. This study was aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and prognosis of PCP in IC and non-IC patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who were suspected of having PCP with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test positive for Pneumocystis jirovecii from January 2013 to May 2019. IC group was classified into human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hematologic, solid organ tumor, rheumatologic and immunosuppressive agent group. Results: A total 192 PCP cases including 176 IC cases and 16 non-IC cases were analyzed. Patients were older in the non-IC group compared with the IC group (72.5 vs. 62.0, P=0.002). Hematologic malignancy was the most common (47.2%), followed by HIV (14.8%) in the IC group. The interval between test for PCP-PCR and PCP treatment was shorter in the IC group compared with non-IC group (0 [0-3] vs. 4.0 [2.2-7.7] days, P=0.001). In-hospital mortality was not significantly different between IC and non-IC groups (43.2% vs. 62.5%, P=0.189). Age (odds ratio [OR] 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.09; P=0.002) and PaO₂/FiO₂ (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98-1.00; P=0.039) were the prognostic factors for in-hospital mortality in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. There was no significant difference between IC and non-IC group in 6-month survival. However, HIV group had better 6-month survival compared with non- IC group in the subgroup analysis (Hazard ratio 0.16; 95% CI 0.05-0.53; P=0.003]. Conclusion: Patients with PCP in non-IC group were older than IC group, and had similar prognosis as other IC group except HIV group.

소아에서 발생한 골수이형성 증후군 2례

홍성진,윤석중,김성우,조형구,오명호,김기혁,이인성 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1996 건국의과학학술지 Vol.5 No.-

Myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) is a group of acquired conditions characterized by progressive bone marrow failure associated with normocellular or hypercellular bone marrow that cannot be attributed to nutritional deficiency, chronic infection, or other chronic systemic illness, and cannot be reversed by the successful treatment of those conditions. Whereas the cases of secondary MDS occur at all ages, primary MDS is essentially a disease of elderly, though no age group is exempt and predomonant in men. The MDS is fundamentally clonal disorders at the level of the haemopoietic totipotent stem cell. Clinically, they are characterized by varing degrees of peripheral cytopenia(s) with morphological and functional abnormalities of blood elements. We have experienced two unrelated pediatric cases, who showed pancytopenia on admission and the characteristic marrow findings of MDS. The first case, a 12 months-old girl, showed increased reticulin with abnormal localization of immature precursor cells(ALIP) in her bone marrow, in addition to dysplastic features such as bi-and multi-nucleation of late normoblasts and internuclear bridging. She also showed 22% of blasts in her bone marrow cells thus classified in the category of RAEB-t after FAB classification. Also found were a chromosomal abnormality namely 46 XX t(14q21q), which was an unusual one. Her family brought her home and, 4 month later, she deceased. The second case, a 12 year-old boy, showed pancytopenia with Pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly in neutrophils but no blasts in the peripheral blood. Bone marrow of this case also showed the picture of dyserythropoiesis with binuclearity, internuclear bridging, nuclear fragments, multinuclearity of late normoblasts, in addition to megaloblastoid change in the normoblasts and increased mitosis in granulocytic series. No chromosomal abnormality was found. Classified as RA after FAB classification of MDS. Showed good response to conservative management for anemia for more than one year.

내원시 저혈당이 당뇨병을 동반한 심근경색증 환자의 예후에 미치는 영향

김은정 ( Eun Jung Kim ),정명호 ( Myung Ho Jeong ),정인석 ( In Seok Jeong ),오상기 ( Sang Gi Oh ),김상형 ( Sang Hyung Kim ),안영근 ( Young Keun Ahn ),김주한 ( Ju Han Kim ),김영조 ( Young Jo Kim ),채성철 ( Shung Chull Chae ),홍택종 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회지 Vol.87 No.5

목적: 당뇨병 환자에게 철저한 혈당 조절은 논란의 여지가 있으며, 이에 당뇨병을 동반한 급성 심근경색증 환자의 내원 시 저혈당과 병원 내 주요 임상 사건 및 사망률 그리고 추적관찰 1년간 사망률과의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2005년 11월부터 2012년 3월까지 KAMIR에 등록된 당뇨병이 동반된 급성 심근경색증 환자 5,249명을 혈당 수치에 따라서 저혈당을 보인 환자(≤ 70 mg/dL)를 I군(93명, 72.6± 11.0세, 여성 46.2%), 정상혈당을 보인 환자(> 70 and < 140)를 II군(1,262명, 71.3 ± 10.7, 여성 34.3%), 고혈당을 보인 환자(≥ 140)를 III군(3,894명, 70.3 ± 11.1, 여성 36.0%)으로 분류하여, 병원 내 주요 임상사건 및 1년 후 사망률과의 관계를 비교하였다. 결과: 각 군의 평균 연령은 I군(72.6 ± 11.0세), II군(71.3 ±10.7세), III군(70.3 ± 11.1세)으로 I군에서 연령이 높았다(p =0.006). I군에서 내원 시 비전형적인 증상 양상(p = 0.002), Killip class III-IV (p = 0.003), 심초음파을 이용한 좌심실 구혈률 40% 미만의 환자(p = 0.002), NSTEMI가 많았다(p = 0.001). 전체 대상 환자 5,249명 중 344명(6.6%)이 입원 중 사망하였으며, 이 중에서 I군 12명(12.9%), II군 66명(5.2%), III군 266명(6.8%)으로 I군에서 사망률이 유의하게 높았다(p = 0.006).다변량 회귀분석에서 나이(p = 0.001), Killip class III-IV (p =0.001), 뇌혈관 질환(p = 0.002), 만성 신부전증(p = 0.001), 급성 신부전증(p = 0.001), 심인성 쇼크(p = 0.001), 심실성 빈맥증(p = 0.005), 좌심실 구혈률 40% 미만(p = 0.001), 내원시 혈당 70 mg/dL 미만(p = 0.005)은 추적관찰 한 달간 사망률에 독립적인 예측인자이었다. 정상 혈당군에 비하여 저혈당 군에서 사망률이 유의하게 증가하였고(OR 3.571, 95% CI1.465-8.705, p = 0.005). 고혈당군에 비해 저혈당군에서 사망률이 유의하게 증가하였다(OR 4.088, 95% CI 1.757-9.511, p= 0.001). 그러나 추적관찰 1년간에서 내원시 혈당은 사망률의 유의한 예측인자가 아니었다(p = 0.428). 결론: 당뇨병을 동반한 심근경색증 환자의 내원 시 저혈당은 입원중과 추적관찰 한 달간의 사망률을 예측할 수 있는 예후인자였다. Methods: We analyzed 5,249 diabetic patients who enrolled in the Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry from November 2005 to March 2013. The patients were divided into three groups according to their blood glucose level at admission; Group I:hypoglycemia (≤ 70 mg/dL), Group II: normoglycemia (70-140 mg/dL) and Group III: hyperglycemia (≥ 140 mg/dL). We assessed in-hospital mortality and the major adverse cardiac events based on blood glucose levels at admission. Results: The mean age was older in group I at 72.6 ± 11.0 years compared to 71.3 ± 10.7 in group II and 70.3 ± 11.1 in group III (p < 0.006). A total of 344 patients died during hospitalization. In-hospital mortality was higher in group I at 12.9%, compared to 5.2% in group II and 6.8% in group III (p < 0.006). Multivariable logistic regression analysis determined that the independent predictors of 1-month mortality were age, Killip class III-IV, cerebrovascular disease, chronic renal failure, acute renal failure, cardiogenic shock, ventricular tachycardia, ejection fraction < 40% and hypoglycemia in admission. The mortality rate at 1 month was significantly higher in group I compared to group II (odds ratio [OR] 3.571; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.465-8.705, p = 0.005) compared to group II and group III (OR 4.088; 95% CI 1.757-9.511, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Hypoglycemia on admission was an important predictor of in-hospital and one-month mortality in AMI patients with diabetes mellitus. (Korean J Med 2014;87:565-573)

레진모형근관에서 엔진구동형 및 수동형 ProTaper 파일로 근관성형 후 근관형태 변화에 대한 비교연구

양인석,강인철,황윤찬,황인남,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2005 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.30 No.5

본 연구는 형태 및 재질이 동일한 엔진구동형 ProTaper 파일과 수동형 ProTaper 파일을 이용하여 레진모형근관을 성형한 후 근관형태 변화를 비교 분석하고자 시행되었다. 본 연구에서는 레진모형근관으로 총 40개의 J자와 S자의 근관형태가 재현된 ENDO-TRAINING BLOC을 사용하였다. 근관 성형 기구로는 엔진구동형 Ni-Ti 파일로 ProTaper^(TM), 수동형 Ni-Ti 파일로 ProTaper^(®) For Hand Use를 사용하였다. 사용된 레진모형근관과 파일의 종류에 따라 10개씩 4개의 그룹으로 나누어 근관성형을 시행하였다. 근관 성형 전 · 후 이미지를 스캐너 (Color scanner, UMAX Techologies, Inc., USA)를 이용하여 얻은 후, Photoshop 7.0 프로그램 (Adobe System Inc., USA)을 이용하여 이미지를 중첩하였다. 이미지 분석 프로그램 (Image-Pro^(®) Plus, Media Cybernetic, USA)을 이용하여 치근단 쪽에서부터 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 및 7 ㎜ 수준에서 근관 성형에 따른 근관의 내측 및 외측 폭경의 변화량, 근관 총폭경의 변화량, 근관 중심축의 변위량을 측정하였다. 또한 근관 성형 시간을 기록하였다. 두 기구 사이의 유의성 검정을 위해 독립 표본 t-검정을 시행하여, 근관 성형 시 수동형 ProTaper 파일에 엔진구동형 ProTaper 파일에 비해 근관 중심축의 변위가 유의하게 덜 일어나며 근관의 원래 형태를 더욱 잘 유지할 수 있지만, 근관 성형시간은 길어질 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다. The purpose of this study was to compare the canal configuration after shaping by ProTaper rotary files and ProTaper hand files in resin simulated canals. Forty resin simulated canals with a curvature of J-shape and S-shape were divided into four groups by 10 blocks each. Simulated root canals in resin block were prepared by ProTaper rotary files and ProTaper hand files using a crown-down pressureless technique. All simulated canals were prepared up to size #25 file at end-point of preparation. Pre- and post-instrumentation images were recorded with color scanner. Assessment of canal shape was completed with an image analysis program. Measurements were made at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 ㎜ from the apex. At each level, outer canal width, inner canal width, total canal width, and amount of transportation from original axis were recorded. Instrumentation time was recorded. The data were analyzed statistically using independent t-test. The result was that ProTaper hand files cause significantly less canal transportation from original axis of canal body and maintain original canal configuration better than ProTaper rotary files, however ProTaper hand files take more shaping time.

附子를 包含하는 方藥合編處方에 대한 考察

宋仁善,吳旼錫,宋泰元 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2001 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.10 No.1

Acontii Tuber is very toxious material, but In oriental medicine frequently used for emergency state like shock, coma, and severe pain and author study about Acontii Tuber in Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun(方藥合編). Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun(方藥合編) is widely used for clinical herbal prescpition book. Acontii Tuber has alkaloid, this chemical compound make toxious state like arrythmia, heart arrest, weakness, numbness, itching. And using this material must be careful. In Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun(方藥合編) Acontii Tuber is used 1.2g ∼12g. and it decrease pain, inflammaiton, increase activity of heart., and Acontii Tuber' commom use is severe pain disease. Raw Acontii Tuber(生附子) is rarely used, mostly roasted Acontii Tuber(포附子). In case of Acontii Tuber toxic state, in oriental medicine Gam-du-tang(甘豆湯) & Go-sam(苦蔘) is used, in western medicine atropine & lidocane is used.