자가 산부식 프라이머의 세포독성에 관한 실험적 연구

이창훈,김인령,김규천,김성식,순우성 대한치과교정학회 2006 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.36 No.6

자가 산부식 프라이머는 세포독성이 있는 것으로 알려져 있어 교정치료를 하는 동안 치주조직에 손상을 일으킬 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 자가 산부식 프라이머가 치주조직에 미치는 영향을 평가해 보고 이를 전통적인 접착법에 사용되는 프라이머와 비교하기 위하여 시행되었다. 시편은 임상에서 브라켓 접착 시 사용하는 Transbond XT Adhesive (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA)를 각각 Transbond XT Primer (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), Clearfil SE bond (Kuraray, Osaka, Japan), Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer, Adper Prompt L-Pop (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA)과 혼합한 후 광중합하여 제작하였고, Transbond XT Adhesive를 중합한 대조군과 비교하였다. 이를 배양된 HGF-1 (Human Gingiva Fibroblast), HaCaT (Human Keratinocyte cell line), RHEK (immortalized Human Epidermal Keratinocyte)에 노출시킨 후 세포의 형태 변화를 관찰하였고, MTT assay를 시행하여 세포독성을 비교, 평가하였다. 실험결과 72시간 후 HGF-1, HaCaT, RHEK를 이용한 실험에서 모든 프라이머의 세포독성이 높게 나타나 세포 돌기의 위축, 세포 형태의 변화, 세포 수의 감소, 세포의 괴사가 관찰되었다. MTT assay실험 시 HGF-1을 이용한 실험에서 Clearfil SE Bond, Transbond XT Primer, Transbond Plus SEP, Adper Prompt L-Pop의 순으로 세포독성이 높게 나타났고, HaCaT를 이용한 실험에서 Clearfil SE Bond, Adper Prompt L-Pop, Transbond Plus SEP, Transbond XT Primer의 순으로 세포독성이 높게 나타났으며, RHEK를 이용한 실험에서 Clearfil SE Bond, Transbond XT Primer, Adper Prompt L-Pop, Transbond Plus SEP 순으로 세포독성이 높게 나타났다. 자가 산부식 프라이머는 전통적으로 사용되는 프라이머와 마찬가지로 세포독성이 유의하게 높으므로 구강내 사용시 주의가 필요하다. Objective: Several ions and components are released from self-etching primers in the oral cavity. This may cause injury to the periodontal tissues throughout orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of self-etching primers to HGF-1 , HaCaT, and RHEK cells. Method: Transbond XT Primer (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), and self-etching primers, Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Osaka, Japan), Transbond Plus SEP (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), and Adper Prompt L-Pop (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), were evaluated by MTT assay, and cellular changes were also observed, Results: In all cells after 72 hours with all primers, severe morphological changes such as atrophy and necrosis were observed. In the MTT assay using HGF-1, Clearfil SE Bond, Transbond XT Primer, Transbond Plus SEP, and Adper Prompt L-Pop were lined up in order of ascending cytotoxicity. When using HaCaT, Clearfil SE Bond, Adper Prompt L-Pop, Transbond Plus SEP, and Transbond XT Primer were lined up in order of ascending cytotoxicity. When using RHEK, Clearfil SE Bond, Transbond XT Primer, Adper Prompt L-Pop, and Transbond Plus SEP were lined up in order of ascending cytotoxicity Conclusion: The result of this study shows that care is needed because self-etching primers show cytotoxic properties similar to conventional primers.

대장직장암 환자의 술전 및 술후 혈청 CEA측정의 의의

손기섭,배진선,김인구,장일성,윤완희 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1988 충남의대잡지 Vol.15 No.2

This report is a clinical study of the significance of preoperative and postoperative serial check of plasma CEA levels in 36 cases of colorectal cancer who were admitted and treated at the Chungnam National University Hospital from Mar. 1987 to Oct. 1988 and the results were as follows: 1. The positive rate of preoperative CEA level(over 5ng/ml) in colorectal cancer was 58.3% In resection group, positive rate and mean CEA level were 53.6% and 7.6ng/ml respective and in unresection group they were 75% and 36.7ng/ml respectively (p<0.05). 2. The proportion of patients with abnormal CEA level(over 5ng/ml)was 33.3% in Dukes B, 46.2% in Dukes' C and 69.2% in Dukes'D. 3. The proportion of patients with abnormal CEA level(over 5ng/ml) was 25% in wel1.diffe rentiated type, 60.9%in moderately differentiated type and 37.5 % in poorly differentiated type. 4. The recurrence rate after curative resection in preoperative normal CEA(0~2.5ng/ml) group was presumed 0% in borderline(2.6~ 5ng/ml) group was 33.3%, in high(over 5ng/ml) group was 16.7% 5. In 3 patients with postoperative liver metastasis had the highest frequency of elevated level(over 60ng/ml), whereas those with local recurrence had a lower frequency of elevated level. 6, A patient had second look procedure include segmental resection of local recurrence, buthe was dead of peritoneal caricinomatosis several months later.

慶北地方山羊에 發生한 Anaplasmosis

孫濟英,李鉉凡,張仁浩 慶北大學校 1965 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

1) Four goats which had shown anemia, emaciation, nasal discharge and cough for a long time were splenectomized and their blood were examined thereafter. In the results Anaplasma-like bodies were detected in their circulating red blood cells, and the anemia became more marked after the splenectomy. 2) In dry fixed preparations stained with Giemsa, the Anaplasma-like bodies were appeared as minute spherical points measuring from 0.3 to 1.1 micron in diameter, located usually near the margin or rarely center of red blood cells, stained deeply and took red or reddish violet colour. Ordinarily there was only one body per cell although 2 or 3 were seen in some cells. Most of the bodies were spherical in shape. Besides the typical deeply and uniformly staining spherical form, diad, triad or ring forms were occasionally observed in some cells. These findings were coincident with the morphology of Anaplasma described by previous workers. 3) Two healthy goats, a healthy sheep and a splenectomized co w infected with small-type piroplasma were artificially inoculated with the blood of the goats infected naturally with the bodies. In the results it was found that the goats and sheep were appearantly infected with the same boides, whereas the cow did not show any signs of infection. These results seemed to be coincident with the pathogenecity of Anaplasma ovis described by previous workers. 4) From the standpoint of the morphology and pathogenecity of the bodies observed in the present study, it may be concluded that the bodies are Anaplasma ovis. This is the first report of anaplasmosis of goats in Korea.

배양조건이 'Campbell Early' 포도의 기내 및 기외 생장에 미치는 영향

박재혁,손인창,김선규 충북대학교 한국과학재단 지정 첨단원예기술개발 연구센터 2002 연구보고서 Vol.6 No.-

배지내 당농도와 PPF 및 배양조건이 포도 Campbell Early의 기내생장과 순화 및 배지와 수분조건이 기외 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 포도의 기내배양시 배지 내 당농도를 30gL^-1로 하였을 때 신초의 길이와 엽면적이 증가하였고, 15gL^-1와 0gL^-1에서는 신초의 건물중에는 차이가 없었지만, 지하부의 생체중과 건물중은 감소하였다. PPF 100∼200㎛olm^-2s^-1에서 신초의 신장과 지상부의 생체중 및 건물중이 증가하였으며, 뿌리의 생체중과 건물중이 증가하는 경향이었으나 유의성은 없었다. 기내에서 생육한 포도 식물체를 vermiculite, peatmoss, 그리고 perlite+ peatmoss (6:4)로 혼용한 배지에 이식했을 때, 순화 초기에는 신초와 뿌리의 발달이 peatmoss, perlite+ peatmoss 배지에서 증가하였으나, 순화 후기로 갈수록 peatmoss에 심겨진 식물체가 vermiculite와 perlite+ peatmoss(6:4)로 혼용한 배지의 식물체보다 지상부와 지하부의 생육이 저조하였다. perlite+ peatmoss 혼용배지의 식물체는 신초의 길이, 생체중, 그리고 엽수가 가장 많이 증가하였다. Photomixotrophic 조건이 Photomixotrophic이나 heterotrophic에 비해 유묘의 생장, 생체중, 건물중이 높았고, 지하부는 photoautotrophic에 비해 당을 포함한(3%) 처리구에서 생육이 좋았다. Photomixotrophic, photoautotrophic의 처리구에서 엽록소 a, b, a+b의 함량, 생존율, 그리고 생체중과 건물중이 증가하였다. 식물체의 이식 후 생육은 Photomixotrophic 생장한 식물체가 photoautotrophic과 heterotrophic 처리에서 생장한 식물체에 비해 좋았다. 순화 기간 내 식물체의 CO_2 uptake, 기공전도도, 증산율과 Fv/Fm는 증가하였다. Photomixotrophic와 photoautotrophic 처리구에서 생장한 식물체의 잎의 sucrose와 starch 함량이 순화 후 15일까지 증가하였고, 그 후 급격한 증가는 보이지 않고, 소폭으로 감소하거나 증가하였다. 순화를 거친 포도 식물체를 상토, 모래+상토의 배양토에 정식했을 때, FV/Fm은 건조 스트레스를 받는 식물체에서 재관수를 하기까지 일정하게 감소한 반면에 수분공급이 잘 된 처리구에서 Fv/Fm값은 일정하게 유지되었다. 상대수분함량(RWC)은 건조스트레스를 받은 잎에서 감소하였고 재관수 후 약간 회복되었다. 기공의 크기와 수는 건조스트레스를 받은 식물체의 잎이 그렇지 않는 처리에 비해 감소하였고 기공도 닫혀 있었으며, 재관수 실시 후 기공의 수와 크기가 증가하였다. 배지의 함수량은 일반 상토에 비해 상토에 모래를 혼합한 토양이 높았으며, 건조 스트레스를 가했을 경우 모래를 혼합한 상토의 식물체가 잎의 상대수분함량이 높게 나타내었다. Effect of sucrose concentration, PPF, and phototrophic condition on in vitro growth of 'Campbell Early' grape, and the response of in vitro-grown plantlets to various media and water stress was investigated. Shoot growth and leaf area increased in media supplemented with 30gL^-1 sucrose, while fresh and dry weight of root decreased in media with 0 or 15gL^-1 sucrose. Shoot dry weight was not affected by sucrose concentration. PPF of 100 to 200㎛olm^-2s^-1 increased the shoot length and shoot fresh and dry weight, while root fresh and dry weight tended to increase without significant difference. When in vitro-grown plantlets were transplanted to various media, peatmoss and perlite+peatmoss favored the growth early stage of acclimation (to 12days after transplanting), but the growth of plants planted on vermiculite and perlite+peatmoss surpassed that of peatmoss in later stage of acclimation(from 13 to 30 days after transplanting). The highest shoot growth and plant fresh weight, and leaf number were achieved with perlite+peatmoss medium. Plant growth and plant fresh and dry weight were better in photomixotrophic condition than photoautotrophic or heterotrophic condition, while root growth was favored with heterotrophic or photomixotrophic condition. CO_2enrichment increased the chlorophyⅡ content (a, b, a+b), survival rate, and fresh and Dry weight. Ex vitro growth of photomixotrophically grown plantlets was much better than grown under photoautotrophic or heterotrophic condition. CO_2 uptake, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm) of plants grown under photomixotrophic or photoautotrophic condition were increased during acclimation. Leaf sucrose and starch content of plants grown under photomixotrophic or photoautotrophic condition showed a gradual increase till 15 days of acclimation, then slightly fluctuated with the new leafing. When grape plantlets were planted on new soil after acclimation, the Fv/Fm ratio of water stressed-plantlets showed a gradual decrease till rewatering, while that of well-watered plantlets was constant. Relative water content(RWC) was decreased in water stressed plantlets, and was slowly recovered by rewatering. The size and number of stomata were decreased, and the stomata were closed in water stressed plantlets, and the size and number of stomata were recovered slowly with rewatering. Water content was higher in commercial soil mix+sand than commercial soil mix alone, and leaf RWC was also high in commercial soil mix+sand when water stressed.

비소세포폐암에서 Microsatellite Instability

전효성,김정란,손지웅,박선하,박태인,김창호,김인산,정태훈,박재용 경북대학교 병원 2001 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.5 No.1

연구베경:MMR 유전자의 불활성화에 의해 야기되는 뮤전적 불안정성은 발암기전의 한 부류로 인정되고 있다.저자들은 비소세포폐암의 발암과정에서의 MSI의 역할을 규명하기 위해 비소세포폐암에서 MSI의 빈도 및 MSI 유무에 따른 임상상의 차이를 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법:근치적 절제술을 받은 비소세포폐암 20예를 대상으로 하였다.동결된 폐암조직과 환자의 림프구에서 DNA를 추출한 후 3P와 9p의 15개의 marker들을 대상으로 PCR을 시행하고 7% polyacrylamide gel에서 전기영동한 후 silver 염색을 시행하였다. 암조직과 림프구 DNA의 PCR product의 band를 비교하여 MSI와 LOH를 판정하였다. 결과:1)대상환자들은 남자 19예,여자 1예였으며 모두 흡연자였고 평균 흠연력은 47 갑년이었다. 폐암의 조직형은 편평상피암 15예, 선암 4예,대세포암 1예였고, 술 후 병리학적 병기는 Ⅰ기 6예,Ⅱ기 5예, ⅢA기 7예,ⅢB기 2예였다. 2)20예 가운데 8예(40%)에서 MSI가 관찰되었으며 3예는 한 개의 marker에서,5예는 2개 이상의 marker에서 MSI가 관찰되었다. 3)LOH는 10예(50%)에서 있었으며,LOH유무에 따른 병가 및 흡연력의 차이가 없었다. 4)분석한 marker의 10% 이상에서 MSI가 관찰된 MSI-L종양은 5예였으며, 대부분의 marker에서 MSI양성인 MSI-H종양은 없었다.MSS종양과 MSI-L종양은 흡연력, 병기, 폐암 조직형 및 LOH 빈도의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론:비소세포폐암에서 MSI는 비교적 흔히 관찰되지만 MMR 유전자의 불활성화에 의한 MMP pathway 는 비소세포폐암의 주요 발생기전은 아닐 것으로 생각된다.향 후 비소세포폐암의 발암과정에 있어서 MMP pathway의 역할을 규명하기 위해서는 보다 많은 예를 대상으로 한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, MSI 발생기전에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: Microsatellite instability(MSI) is frequently used as an indicator of microsatellite mutator phenotype (MMP) tumors.MSI has been observed in a percentage of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However, its role in tumorigenesis of NSCLC remains unknown.The frequency and partten of MSI in NSCLC were evaluted and clinical parameters of MSI-positive tumors with those of MSS(microsatellite stable) tumors were compared. Materials and Methods: Twenty surgically resected NSCLCs were analyzed for 15 microsatellite markers located at chromosomes 3p and 9p.The peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients were used as the source of the normal DNA. Results:1) of 20 cases, 8(40%) demonstrated MSI. 2) Instability was observed more frequently in tri- and tetra-nucleotide repeats that in dinucleotide repeats. In all cases, instability appeared as a shift of individual allelic bands. 3) LOH was observed in 10(50%) of 20 tumors analyzed. 4) Of 20 cases, MSI-H tumor(showing MSI in the majority of markers) was absent. There were 5 MSI-L tumors( showing MSI in a greater than 10% of markers). 5) No significant difference was observed between MSI-L tumors and MSI negative tumors in terms of clinicopathologic features such as pack-year history of smoking, histologic subtype, and (delete) stage of disease.There was also no significant difference in the incidence of LOH in relation to the status of MSI. Conclusion: These data strongly suggest that MSI plays different roles in lung and colon cancer.MMP pathway appears to be far less important in the tumorigenesis of NSCLC, caused mainly by cigarette smoke, with little familial tendency.(tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2000,48:24-32)

腦卒中 患者 形態에 關한 臨床硏究

윤현민,안창범,송춘호,손인석,장경전 대한침구학회 2003 대한침구의학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Clinical observation was made on 52 cases of Stroke that were confined through brain CT, MRI scan. The Stroke cases wee classified into the following kinds cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebellar or brain stem infarction, cerebellar or brain stem hemorrhage. and among the 52 cases of Stroke cerbral infarction was noticed in 75.00%, cerebral hemorrhage in 11.54%, cerebellar or brain stem infarction in 9.52%, cerebeller or brain stem hemorrhage in 3.85%. The ratio between males and females was 1.74:1 in the whole groups of Stroke and most cases were over 60 of age. As the time of hospitalization, most patients hospitalized from 1 day after stroke to 7 days after stroke. And as the course of hospitalization, most patients hospitalized first. Among the preceding disease at the onset of Stroke hypertention was noted in 32.69%, and deabetes mellitus or heart problem was noted frequently(15.39%). Electrocardiography findings were as follows: The normal was noted in 53.85%, the abnormal in 46.15%. And as the abnormal, left ventricular hypertrophy was noted in 17.54%. The predisposing factors or conditions at the onset of brain infarction were usually initiated during the time of sleeping and those of brain hemorrhage chiefly during the time of execising like overwork or walking etc. It was noted that smoking a pack of cigarette showed highest disease rate(33.33%) among the average of smoking amount of one day in case of man. Prior to attack, the most chiefly complain was dyspnea or discomfort on chest region. And 30.70% of patients had no previous sign. There were a large number of recurrent cases. The first attack was noted in 71.15%, the 2nd attack in 23.08%, the 3rd attack in 5.77%.

설계사무소 남성 및 여성기술인력의 업무환경 실태분석 및 개선방안

윤정인 ( Yoon Jung-in ),고찬영 ( Ko Chan-yeong ),정현용 ( Jeong Hyun-young ),신원상 ( Shin Won-sang ),손창백 ( Son Chang-baek ) 한국건축시공학회 2022 한국건축시공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.22 No.1

Recently, as the characteristics and production methods of the construction industry are changing, and women are actively entering the society, the view of women in the construction industry is also gradually changing. Although the government is currently improving the system to expand women's participation, nevertheless, women's participation in the construction industry is very low compared to other industries. The scope of this study was limited to presenting the actual working environment and improvement plans for male and female engineers in the design office. As a result of the survey on the insufficient part of the work environment, the item 'rest space such as lounge, bathroom, and conference room was narrow' was highly surveyed for men, and 'there was no rest space that required gender discrimination' was highly surveyed for women. As for the improvement measures, both men and women were surveyed highly in the category of 'My place for personal work'. In this study, the scope of the study has a limitation in that it only presents the actual situation and improvement measures for the working environment for male and female engineers in the design office.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

CO₂ Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Few-Layer Graphene over NiO_<i>x</i>

Son, In Hyuk,Song, Hyun Jae,Kwon, Soonchul,Bachmatiuk, Alicja,Lee, Seung Jae,Benayad, Anass,Park, Jong Hwan,Choi, Jae-Young,Chang, Hyuk,Rü,mmeli, Mark H. American Chemical Society 2014 ACS NANO Vol.8 No.9

<P>The use of mild oxidants in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactions has proven enormously useful. This was also true for the CVD growth of carbon nanotubes. As yet though, the use of mild oxidants in the CVD of graphene has remained unexplored. Here we explore the use of CO<SUB>2</SUB> as a mild oxidant during the growth of graphene over Ni with CH<SUB>4</SUB> as the feedstock. Both our experimental and theoretical findings provide in-depth insight into the growth mechanisms and point to the mild oxidants playing multiple roles. Mild oxidants lead to the formation of a suboxide in the Ni, which suppresses the bulk diffusion of C species suggesting a surface growth mechanism. Moreover, the formation of a suboxide leads to enhanced catalytic activity at the substrate surface, which allows reduced synthesis temperatures, even as low as 700 °C. Even at these low temperatures, the quality of the graphene is exceedingly high as indicated by a negligible D mode in the Raman spectra. These findings suggest the use of mild oxidants in the CVD fabrication as a whole could have a positive impact.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2014/ancac3.2014.8.issue-9/nn504342e/production/images/medium/nn-2014-04342e_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn504342e'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>