Anti‑inflammatory effect of Rosa laevigata extract on in vitro and in vivo model of allergic asthma via the suppression of IgE and related cytokines

Seung‑Hyeon Lee,Seung‑Han Choi,In‑Seung Lee,Yumi Kim,Eun‑Jin An,Hyeung‑Jin Jang 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.2

Backgrounds Exposure to a toxic stress environment leads to excessive inflammatory reactions and induces allergic asthma resulting in airway hyper-responsiveness. We investigated whether Rosa laevigata Michx. (RL) exhibits anti-inflammatory effects related allergic asthma in both an in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods To investigate the preventive effect of RL, A549 cells were pretreated with non-toxic doses of RL (500, 1000 μg/ mL) and induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/mL). First, we evaluated cytotoxicity via a MTT assay. The inhibitory effects of NF-κB activity and COX-2 expression were confirmed by a western blot assay. In the in vivo study, BALB/c mice were challenged with regard to ovalbumin via an intraperitoneal injection of RL (50, 100 mg/kg) and were killed to collect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung tissues and blood serum. The number of inflammatory cells, the secretion of IgE and related cytokines were monitored by ELISA and multiplex assays. Results RL significantly suppressed NF-κB activity and COX-2 expression levels in EGF-induced A549 cells. In a chronic inflammation mice model, pretreatment of RL attenuated allergic airway inflammation by reducing inflammatory cells, the secretion of IgE and related cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions The results of this study present the possibility of RL as a therapeutic agent for allergic asthma patients via the suppression of IgE and related cytokines.

기획논문 : 상주지역 퇴계학파(退溪學派)의 학문과 사상 ; 우복(愚伏) 정경세(鄭經世)의 철학과 경세론

장승구 ( Seung Koo Jang ) 경북대학교 퇴계연구소 2012 퇴계학과 유교문화 Vol.50 No.-

우복 정경세(1563-1633)는 서애 류성룡의 수제자로서 퇴계의 再傳 제자에 속한다. 그는 상주 출신의 남인으로서 서애의 뒤를 이어 중앙정계에서 활발한 관직생활을 하였을 뿐만 아니라 학문적으로도 높은 권위를 유지하며 17세기 초반 영남 학계를 대변하는 위치에 있었다. 그는 임진왜란과 정묘호란 등으로 국난이 지속되던 가장 어려운 시기에 관직생활을 하였다. 우복은 서애로부터 퇴계의 『주자서절요』를 물려받아서 간행함으로써 퇴계학의 확산에 기여하였다. 그리고 『주자대전』 가운데 중요한 글을 선택하고 모아서 『주문작해』를 편저함으로써 『주자서절요』의 한계를 보완하고 주자학의 발전에도 기여하였다. 우복은 학통상 퇴계학파에 속하는데 일부에서 그의 리가설은 율곡설을 지지하는 것처럼 언급되기도 하였다. 그러나 현존 『우복집』을 분석해보면 그의 철학은 기본적으로 퇴계학파의 입장을 지키고 있다고 볼 수 있다 리기설에 있어서 리와 기의 일물설을 비판하고, 리와 기의 차이점을 구분하는 것을 강조하고 있다. 격물과 물격에 대한 설명에 있어서도 퇴계의 理到學을 계승하여, 格物을 손님을 청하는 것으로 物格을 손님이 오는 것으로 비유하고 있다. 사단칠정론에 있어서는 사단을 칠정의 일부로 보지 않고, 양자를 구분해서 보려는 입장이다. 칠정도 형기가 아니라 성명에서 나오는 경우가 있기는 하지만, 그것은 성인의 경우에 가능하고 일반인들에게는 어렵다고 인식한다. 공부론에 있어서는 存養은 靜時의 공부만이 아니라, 靜時와 動時를 겸한 統體 공부라고 인식한다. 공부는 성인의 경서에 대한 세밀한 학문적 탐구의 과정을 거쳐서 높은 단계의 정신 경지를 지향해야지, 그러한 과정을 생략하고 곧바로 깨달음을 추구하는 것은 안 된다고 여겼다. 우복은 선조대부터 시작하여 광해군을 거쳐 인조대까지 벼슬을 하였다. 그 중 광해군 때에는 시련이 많았고 낙향하여 은거하기도 하였으나 인조대에는 중용되어 대제학·대사헌·이조판서 등의 고위직을 역임하였다. 특히 우복은 선조대부터 경연관으로 명성을 날렸으며, 인조대에는 8년에 걸쳐 장기간 경연에서 경서를 강의하면서 국정을 논하는 기회를 가졌다. 우복의 경세론은 그가 올린 상소문과 경연강의를 통해서 살펴볼 수가 있다. 광해군에게 올린 상소를 보면 우복은 민생을 안정시키기 위해서는 먼저 (국가, 왕실이) 절검을 해야 하고, 인재의 선발과 등용이 공정해야 하며, 군주의 일심을 바르게 하기 위한 수양과 학문의 중요성을 강조하였다. 인조가 반정에 성공하고 나서 올린 『弘文館 八條箚」에서는 ``큰 뜻을 세울 것``, ``성학에 힘쓸 것``, ``종통을 중시할 것``, ``효와 경을 다할 것``, ``간쟁을 받아들일 것``, ``보고 듣는 것을 올바른 계통을 통해서 할 것``, ``궁궐의 법도를 지킬 것``, ``백성들의 인심을 안정시킬 것`` 등을 건의하였다. 정묘호란을 겪고 나서 올린 『玉堂論時務箚』에서는 적의 침입을 막기 위해서는 총포가 중요함을 강조하고, 총포 사수 1만 명을 양성하고, 조총 1만 정을 구입할 것을 제안하였다. 우복은 예론에서는 명분과 실제를 조화시키려는 입장을 보여주고 있다. 아동교육에 필요한 예절과 관련하여 『養正篇』을 편저하였으며, 고금의 상례를 모아서 『喪禮參考』를 지으려 했으나 완성하지 못했고, 禮記에 대한 연구가 포함된 『思問錄』을 저술하였다. 요컨대 우복은 17세기 초반 예학 및 성리학 발전에 기여한 학자이면서, 동시에 생리학적 철학과 경세론을 실천으로 옮긴 모법적 관료이자, 민본주의적인 경세가라고 할 수 있다. 그리고 서인 학자와의 교류를 통해서 퇴계학을 서인에게 이해시키려고 노력하는 등 학문적 교류와 소통에도 중요한 역할을 하였다. Ubok(愚伏) Chung Kyung-se(鄭經世, 1563-1633) was a prominent official and scholar in the middle Chosun Dynasty. He was a leading disciple of Ryu Sung-ryong, whose mentor was Toegye Lee Hwang. Ubok represented the scholarly and political position of Nam-in(南人, Southern faction) during the first half of the 17th century. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the philosophy and Politics of Ubok Chung Kyung-se. In Li(理)-Qi(氣) philosophy, Ubok basically follows the philosophical theory of Toegye. According to Ubok, Li can not be one thing with Qi. The metaphysical characteristic of Li is to be distinguished from the material nature of Qi. In regard to the meaning of Gyeokmul(格物) and Mulgyeok(物格), he explains it as follows. If one investigates the principles of things, the principles of things arrive at one`s mind. This can be compared to inviting a guest. If one invites a guest, then the guest comes. Ubok recognizes the active aspect of Li. Regarding the way of self cultivation, the specific course of classical study is an essential step to attain the noble spirituality of the sage. With regard to politics, Ubok thinks the self-cultivation of ruler is most basic and important for good government. Preserving ruler`s mind and scholarly learning are two essential ways to self cultivation. Besides self cultivation, he emphasizes the financial retrenchment and just personnel administration. In addition to Li-Qi philosophy, Ubok had much interest in the ritual. In line with Kim Jang-saeng, he had led the era of ritual study in the early 17th century. In the practice of ritual, Ubok pursued the harmony between ritual norms and current customs. Ubok communicated with scholars from opposite school. Through academic exchange with Seo-in (西人, Western faction) scholars. Ubok made an effort to understand the scholarly position of other school and to explain his school`s theory of New-Confucianism toward Seo-in. Ubok not only have developed Korean Neo-Confucianism, but also have played the exemplar role of Neo-Confucian official.

UASB法에 의한 小麥澱粉 廢水處理

최장승,장철현,박승조 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1992 硏究報告 Vol.15 No.1

Wheat-starch processing wastewater treatment using Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket process are investigated on the Hydraulic Retention Time, Chemical Oxygen Demand loading for the organics removal efficiency, and production of ,ethane gas amounts. The experimental results are as follows : 1. COD removal efficiency were 75.0, 80.4, and 82.2% respectively when its COD loading rates were 7.0, 3.0 and l.0㎏ COD/㎥ ·d. 2. When wheat-starh processing wastewater treatment by Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket process, Chemical factors were showed in pH 7.2-7.4 and Alkalinity 3100- 4060 miligram per liter 3. The amount of methane gas production was 0.25-0.30㎥ CH₄/kg-CODrm, methane composition of Biogas was 64-57% and Biogas production was 12.8-2.2 liter per ady changed with Hydraulic Retention Time from 16hours to 96hours.

Inconel 718 상향 엔드밀링시 절삭력에 미치는 공구형상오차의 영향

이영문,양승한,장승일,백승기,김선일,이동식 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.11 No.5

In an end milling process, the undeformed chip section and cutting forces vary periodically with the phase change of the tool. However, the real undeformed chip section area deviates from the geometrically ideal one owing to the cutter runout and tool shape error. In the current study, a method of estimating the real undeformed chip section area which reflects the cutter runout and tool shape error is presented during up-end milling processes of Inconel 718. The specific cutting forces, K_r and K_t are defined as the radial and tangential cutting forces divided by the modified chip section area, respectively. Both of the K_r and K_t values become smaller as the helix angle increases from 30˚ to 40˚. Whereas they become larger as the helix angle increases from 40˚ to 50˚. The K_r and K_t values show a tendency to decrease with increase of the modified chip section area.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 II (표준화 실례) : 2차년도 연구결과 중간 보고

양기상,최선미,최승훈,안규석,박경모,박종현,김성우,신승호,정우열,전병훈,고현,김정범,신상우,김성훈,김동희,권영규,엄현섭,장혜옥 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the second year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows; - differential diagnosis according to condition of body fluid, differentiation of syndromes according to the state of qi and blood, differential diagnosis according to relative excessiveness or deficiency of yin and yang(氣血陰陽津液辨證) - differentiation of diseases according to pathological changes of the viscera and their interrelation - analyzing and differentiating of febrile diseases in accordance with the theory of the six channels(傷寒辨證) The individual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name(異名), notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證指標), the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern(證候分析), discrimination of diagnosis pattern(證候鑑別), a way of curing a diseases(治法), prescription(處方), herb in common use(常用藥物), diseases appearing the diagnosis pattern(常見疾病), documents(文獻調査). This study was carried out on the basis of the Chinese documents and references.

建築設備시스템 更新 評價基準 設定에 관한 硏究

장승재,김동완 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 1999 自然科學論文集 Vol.7 No.-

Nowadays, it is common and will be more often trend toward building and building equipment system to be reinstalled newly because of low of utility value as to deterioration and obsolescence. Building equipment system which is used for the amenity of indoor environment is composed of various components and their assemblies, and that is cause of not only renewed installation but also cost for solving them. It is shown as confused making-decision processes when the renewed equipment scheme of building proceeds. So, it is necessary and useful to evaluate them closely. therefore, this study is aimed to set renewal evaluation criteria of each sub equipment system for corrected renewal evaluation.

고등학교 '전통윤리' 에 대한 체계적 분석 및 평가

장승희 경북대학교 사범대학 부속 중등교육연구소 2005 중등교육연구 Vol.53 No.2

제7차 교육과정에 따라 고등학교 '윤리' 교과는 국민 기초 공통 과목인 '도덕'과 일반 선택 과목인 '시민윤리', 그리고 심화 선택 과목인 '윤리와 사상', '전통윤리'로 분화되었다. '전통윤리'는 선택 중심의 교육과정이라는 요구에서, '윤리 과목의 본질적 목표'와 '국가·사회적 요구'라는 필요성에 의해 개설되었다. 한국의 급격한 산업화 과정에서 발생하는 도덕·윤리적 위기 해결 방안을 '전통적 가치'에서 찾고자 한 것이었다. 또 청소년들의 서구 지향적 가치관 편향에 대해 '한국의 전통적 혼과 정신'을 강조하기 위한 윤리 교육적 필요에 의한 것이기도 하였다. '전통윤리'는 새로운 선택 교과로 '윤리의 실제성'과 '한국적 주체성'의 확립을 목표로 하였다. 전자가 6차 교육과정 '윤리'에 대한 반작용이라면, 후자는 서구 중심 윤리교육에 대한 '반작용'이라고 할 수 있다. 그렇다면 실제 '전통윤리' 교과서는 이러한 '윤리적 실제성'과 '한국적 주체성' 확립을 제대로 반영하였으며, 현장에서는 이에 맞게 교육이 이루어지고 있는가? 이러한 문제의식에서 출발하여 '전통윤리' 교과의 성격과 목표, 내용체계, 방법 및 평가의 특성을 살펴보고, 교과서와 관련하여 집필 과정, 체제와 내용, 방법 및 평가에 대해 분석하고, 제반 문제점을 집어 보았다. 내용에서는 ① 학문적 합의 문제 ② 내용의 일관성 문제 ③ 중복의 문제, 교수방법과 평가에서는 ① 수능 평가의 문제 ② 교수 방법의 문제 ③ 교육적 효과의 측면을 살펴보았다. 21세기 문명한 추세로 세계화는 문화의 보편성과 특수성이 조화를 추구하며, 이는 한국적 특수성을 통해 세계적 보편성을 획득하는 것을 의미한다. '전통윤리'는 7차 교육과정의 시행착오를 통해 새롭게 거듭나서 한국 청소년들의 가치관과 민족적 정체성 형성에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 본고는 '전통윤리' 교과에 대한 냉정한 비판과 대안 모색을 위한 노력의 일환이다. Ethics' in high school was divided into 'Moral Education' as a subject in common curriculum, 'Civil Ethics' as a basic elective subject, and 'Ethics and Ideal' and 'Traditional Ethics' as in-depth elective subjects by the 7th national curriculum. 'Traditional Ethics' was set due to the stream of the elective-centered curriculum and the necessity of essential goal of 'ethics' and national, social demand. In other words, the reason to select 'Traditional Ethics' is the answers to handle the morally and ethically critical situation such as loss of value and rule violation caused by Korean rapid industrialization could be found in 'traditional value'. Also 'Traditional Ethics' harmonizes teenagers' westernized values with Korean traditional soul and spirit. 'Traditional Ethics' (which was not a existing subject in the past) as the very new elective subject focuses on the establishment of 'reality of ethics' and 'Korean identity.' The former is reaction to 'Ethics' in the 6th national curriculum, and the latter is 'reaction' to western-centered ethical education. If so, dose the real 'Traditional Ethics' reflects the establishment of 'reality of ethics' and 'Korean identity'? Also, was 'Traditional Ethics' taught for these goals on the real educational scene? Analysis on characters, goals, systems, methods and evaluations which are based on 'Traditional Ethics' derives from these issues. Analysis on process of writing, systems, contents, methods and evaluations will be dealed with. Through this analysis, some problems of textbooks to deal with is proposed. As a aspect of contents of textbooks; there are some problems about ① academic agreement, ② coherence of contents, and ③ overlapping. As a aspect of teaching methods and evaluations; there are some problems about ① Korea Scholastic Aptitude Test(KSAT), ② teaching methods, and ③ educational effect on teenagers. These problems will be analyzed in this dissertation. 'Traditional Ethics' will contribute to the formation of Korean youth's values and national identity through trial and error in the 7th national curriculum. This dissertation will propose the new alternative plans through criticism from 'Traditional Ethics'.

대학생들의 홍조반응과 알코올 사용의 관계에 관한 연구

장승옥 한국 정신보건 사회사업학회 1998 정신보건과 사회사업 Vol.5 No.-

The association of flushing with the alcohol use of Korean college students is examined. The physiological explanation has attributed the light alcohol use among Asians to their high propensity to flush, which protects them from heavy drinking. Facial flushing after drinking was used as the primary indicator of the flushing responses. The subjects were 329 college students in Taegu area. Female students drank less than male students and the effect of the flushing response had less impact on alcohol intake among men than among women. Although typical flushers drank less than nonflushers, the majority of drinkers were able to continue drinking despite having flushing. More female drinkers reported embarrassment than male students because of flushing. This study of female drinkers showed that flushing response may protect them from heavy drinking but the relationship among male drinkers was less pronounced. The results of this study indicated that the socio-cultural factors appeared to have a moderating effect on the relationship between the flushing response and alcohol use.

만성육아 종성염증에서의 T-cell 그리고 B-cell의 분포에 관한 연구

장인성,양승하,강상균 순천향대학교 1994 논문집 Vol.17 No.2

Tuberculosis, leprosy, foreign body reaction, parasite, and fungal infection are chronic granulomatous inflammation forming granuloma within lesion. There are much studies for the mechanism of cell mediated immume reaction in tuberculosis and leprosy, but the study using immune peroxidase stain in paraffin embedded tissue is rare. This study was carried out to observe the distribution of T cell and B cell in chronic granulomatious inflammation, such as tuberculosis 21 cases, leprosy 9 cases, cysticercosis 7 cases, and foreign body reaction 8 cases. Fourthy five cases of above diseases obtained by excisional biposy were processed for immune enzyme histologic stain by Avidin-Biotin complex method using MT1 and MB2. The results obtained are following as : 1. Tuberculosis showed positive reaction of MT1 in all within and outer granuloma among 21 cases, and MB2 in 2 cases and 14 cases respectively. 2. In 9 cases of leprosy lepromatous type showed positive reaction of MT1 in all 5 cases and MB2 in each 2 cases within and outer granuloma, tuberculoid and borderline types showed posittive reaction of MT1 and MB2 in all 2 cases respectively. 3. Positive reaction of MT1 in 7 cases of cysticercosis, revealed 6 cases within granuloma and all cases outer one, MB2 in 5 cases and 6 cases respectively. 4. Positive reaction of MT1 in 8 cases of foreign body reaction disclose 5 cases within granuloma and 7 cases outer one, and MB2 in 3 cases and 4 cases respectively. The above results showed T cell is related to main immune protective mechanism in granulomatous inflammation, and B cell reveal only weak reaction.

MATLAB을 이용한 자동차 엔진모델 설계 및 시뮬레이션

장종승,설재훈,김승철,임영도 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1997 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.5 No.1

Detailed model of longitudinal dynamics of a typical automobile is developed. A nonlinear controller is designed for speed control of the automobile. This paper discribes the first step of a vehicle model design which designs a engine model. The design of a vehicle engine designs Matlab Simulink, and control which is compared describes characteristics be using Fuzzy and PID.