셰익스피어의 한국수용(2) -1962년~1979년까지

신정옥 ( Jung Ok Shin ) 한국드라마학회 2006 드라마연구 Vol.- No.24

The decades of the 1960s and 70s form the second phase of Korean acceptance of Shakespeare and this paper attempts to survey the Shakespeare studies of this phase in the areas of literature and drama, and within universities. Shakespeare was first introduced as a heroic figure, philosopher, and statesman, but by this time, he recovered his true persona was approached as a literary figure, playwright, and dramatist. Korea during this period was emerging out of an upheaval resulting from the liberation from the Japanese occupation and Korean War. However, the seed of Shakespeare studies was germinated and energetically nurtured at this time. Shin-hyup produced Shakespeare`s tragedies and their effort no doubt facilitated the Shakespeare acceptance and the rebirth of theater movement. As the public gained better understanding of Shakespeare, Shakespeare scholars and publishers embarked on translating Shakespeare for further understanding. Jung-eum-sa in 1964 published the first complete translation of Shakespeare`s works in 4 volumes, a monumental feat in the Shakespeare studies in Korea. The Jung-eum-sa`s translation was participated by 19 scholars, including Choi Jung-woo, Han No-dan, Kim Kap-soon, Kim Joo-hyun, Oh Wha-sup, Lee Jong-soo, Yoh Suk-kee, and Lee Chang-bae. Whye-moon Publishing House, on the other hand, published Kim Jae-nam`s 5 volume translation of complete Shakespeare. In 1964, all of the Shakespeare`s works were translated. During the 1970s, Eul-yoo Books published the paperback editions of Shakespeare translation and his works were included in collections and anthologies. Then the younger generation got in the act of translation and they added a fresh perspective to the Shakespeare studies. Starting with Choi Jae-suh, Hamlet has been translated by 50 times, different people and remains to be the most frequently translated work It is followed by Romeo and Juliet, 39 times, Othello, 29 times, Macbeth, 27 times, and King Lear, 26 times. Among the comedies, The Merchant of Venice tops the list with 30 translations, different translations, then comes The Tempest, 12 times, A Midsummer Night`s Dream, 10 times and The Taming of the Shrew, 9 times. As shown in this statistics, tragedies predominate comedies. The decade of the 1970s saw the generational shift in research activities: the old generation gave way to the newly emerging generation of scholars and the Shakespeare studies rapidly flourished. What distinguished me modern drama was its emphasis on me vivid depiction of everyday reality and it gave birth to me little theater movement. In the Western world, the movement began at the end of the 18th century and in the beginning of the 19th century. In Korea, it began in 1920 when the Theater Art Association was formed, and during the 1950s me Theatre Libre and the Drama Production Association were organized. Then the college drama movement ensued. Soon, Won-gak-sa joined in the movement and scheduled dramas as part of its regular programs. The year 1962 is very important in the history of Korean theaters: the Drama Center, an all exclusive drama theater and the very first of its kind, opened its door. The opening of the Drama Center was the culmination of the Korean little theater movement and the fulfillment of Yoo Chi-jin`s life-long dreams. The opening production of the center was Hamlet. The play was produced and performed by Yoo Chi-jin, Lee Hae-rang, Kim Dong-won, Whang Jung-soon, and Jang Min-ho all living legends of the Korean theater and this production records as the first long-run performance in Korea. In 1964, the Korean theater had the Shakespeare quarter-centennial celebration, and six best known repertory theaters participated in the commemoration and 50,000 people came to see the performances. Shakespeare never had such attention before, and nor since. In addition to the professional theater groups, the student theaters have also made contribution to the spread of Shakespeare among the general public. As the cultural taste of the public got keener, the professional and student theater groups got better. Korea hasn`t had a Shakespeare drama group and there is not one yet. However, between 1970 and 1980 the London Shakespeare Group visited Korea four times and set an example for true professionalism and rendered a model process for the Shakespeare production. Domestic professional theater groups have also contributed to the development of the Shakespeare production and they included the Drama Center, Sil-hum Theater, Drama Troupe Ka-gyo, and Hyun-dae Theater. The student theater groups have also contributed to the development of Shakespeare`s dramas and their contribution should be attributed to the concerted efforts between professors and students. On the wave of the theatrical rebirth in the 1960s, the number of student dramas increased. During the second phase of Shakespeare`s rooting in Korea, student groups staged 85 productions while the professional groups performed 54 times. The quality of the student dramas may not be up to that of the professional groups, but the sheer number indicates the contribution the student dramas had made to the rebirth and solid establishment of the theater arts. In 1959 Joong-ang University established Drama and Film Department and soon after other universities followed suit, and since then, dramas have been studied within the university settings. Joong-ang University was in the forefront of Shakespeare productions and universities began to produce Shakespeare in English. These developments were professors` ways of teaching Shakespeare better. The History of English Dramas-the 70 Year Retrospective of English Drama Productions at Ewha University English Department(compiled by Kim Kap-soon) is the witness to the activities of the college theaters of the time. Student dramas are an integral part of the Korean theater and yet regrettably they cannot be fully covered here. Artistic expression is diverse. Dramas presuppose perform 이 논문은 1960년대와 1970년대에 셰익스피어의 한국수용과정을 수용 2기로 하여 문학적, 연극적, 학문적 분야로 나누어서 연구하는 것이다. 셰익스피어의 당초 수용은 위인으로, 경세가로, 철학자로 소개되기 시작하였으나 이미 그 계몽적 과정은 마감이 되었고 문학가로, 희곡작가로, 연극인으로서의 셰익스피어의 면모가 반영되는 발전적 단계에 돌입한 시대가 된 것이다. 그러나 일제시대 후반의 침체에서 벗어나고 해방을 맞이하고 6ㆍ25 한국전쟁의 대혼란을 맞이한 혼돈의 시대에 셰익스피어의 싹은 발아되고 정력적으로 육성되어 왔다. 그 무렵 신협의 셰익스피어 비극공연은 우리나라 셰익스피어 수용이나 연극부흥에 큰 공로로 인식될 것이다. 셰익스피어를 이해하는 인구가 증가함에 따라서 셰익스피어 학자나 출판사의 욕구는 작품의 번역출판에 대거 참여하게 되었다. 1964년에 정음사가 셰익스피어 전집 4권을 출간하였는데 셰익스피어의 전작품이 우리나라에 소개되는 기록이 되었고, 최정우, 한노단, 김갑순, 김주현, 오화섭, 이종수, 여석기, 이창배, 등 19명이 번역을 담당하였다. 그리고 휘문 출판사에서는 김재남 단독으로 번역하여 전집 5권이 출판되었다. 1964년은 우리나라에 셰익스피어의 전작품이 소개되는 한 해가 되었다. 1970년대는 문고본 시대로 접어들었으며 을유문고가 시작하였고 또한 선집이나 단행본으로도 출판이 계속되었다. 번역진도 중진 신진 그룹으로 신선미있게 교체되고 있었다. 최재서의〈햄릿〉을 포함해서 수용초부터 가장 많이 출판된 작품은 비극인 경우〈햄릿〉이 50회이고,〈로미오와 줄리엣〉이 39회이며,〈오셀로〉가 29회며,〈맥베스〉 27회,〈리어왕〉 26회였고, 희극인 경우〈베니스의 상인〉이 30회,〈태풍〉이 12회,〈한여름 밤의 꿈〉이 10회,〈말괄량이 길들이기〉 9회로 비극이 압도적이다. 셰익스피어의 번역진도 1970년대에 가서는 계속 세대교체가 되고 셰익스피어의 연구나 번역이 확대되었다. 근대극은 생생한 현실을 제시한다는 연극운동을 펼치며 소극장이 확산되었다. 서구에서는 18세기 말에서 19세기 초에, 우리나라는 1920년에 전개되었고 극예술협회가 시작이다. 1950년대에 떼아뜨르 리블, 제작극회 등 그리고 학생극으로 이어졌으며 원각사도 공연의 일부가 연극이었다. 1962년에 준공된 드라마센터는 진정한 소극장 운동의 결실이며 유치진의 평생소원인 연극전용극장이 탄생한 것이다. 우리나라 연극의 산 역사라 할 유치진, 이해랑, 김동원, 황정순, 장민호 등이 참여한 개관공연이 바로〈햄릿〉이었다. 이 공연은 우리나라에서 처음으로 최장기공연이 되었다. 1964년의 셰익스피어 탄생 400주 기념행사는 셰익스피어가 우리나라 연극사상 가장 각광을 받은 바가 되었다. 저명한 6개 직업극단이 참여하였으며 5만 여의 관객을 동원한 행사였다. 직업극단 외에 대학교의 셰익스피어 연극공연도 셰익스피어 수용의 보편화에 기여하였다. 국민문화의식의 향상에 힘입어 직업극단과 학생극의 공연도 발전적으로 향상하였다. 우리나라에는 셰익스피어의 작품만을 공연하는 전문직업극단이 없었고 지금도 없다. 그러나 1970년대에서 80년까지 런던 셰익스피어 그룹이 4회 내한 공연하여 전문극단의 전문성과 무대화 작업에 하나의 모델을 보여주었다. 국내의 직업극단들도 셰익스피어 극의 발전에 기여하였으니 드라마센터, 실험극장, 극단 가교, 현대극장 등을 꼽을 수가 있다. 셰익스피어의 연극발전에는 학생극의 공헌이 있다. 이는 지도교수와 학생간의 학문적, 예능적 교류의 성과다. 1960년대부터 연극중흥의 물결을 타고 대학극의 공연이 증가되었다. 셰익스피어의 한국수용 2기에 학생극 공연수가 85회니까 직업극단의 54회 보다 많으며 연극공연의 질에 차이가 있다고 하여도 연극중흥의 기반이 되는 것은 확실하다. 1959년 중앙대에 연극영화과가 설치된 것도 특기할 일이다. 대학에서 연극이 한 전공과목이 되었고 다른 대학에도 이 풍조가 파급이 되었다. 셰익스피어 공연은 중앙대가 단연 많았으며 셰익스피어의 원어 공연도 늘어났다. 이는 영문학과 교수들의 지도도 큰 몫을 했을 것이다. 『영어연극공연사-이대영문과 연극 70년을 돌아보며』(김갑순 엮음)의 기록은 그 사실을 입증한다. 학생극은 연극사의 주요한 부분이나 모든 대학의 실적을 기록하지 못했음은 서운한 일이다. 예술의 표현방식은 다양하다. 희곡은 공연을 전제로 한다. 공연무대는 종합예술이다. 그리고 관중이 있어야 한다. 희곡은 지금이나 100년 후나 동일성을 유지한다. 그러나 무대화되는 방식은 다양다종이다. 연극으로 가는 희곡의 수용도 다양하겠지만 가장 대표적인 것의 하나가 변용된 수용이다. 흔히 번안이라고 한다. 서구작가의 것은 찰스 마로윗츠의〈마로윗츠 햄릿〉이 있고, 외진이오네스꼬의〈막베뜨〉, 장 사르망의〈햄릿 다시 태어나다〉가 있다. 한국작가들의 것은 주로 민속화로 번안된 것이다.〈실수연발〉,〈오셀로〉,〈리어 왕〉,〈햄릿〉,〈십이야〉를 바탕으로 창작 또는 번안한 것이다. 최재서가 1963년에 발표한 『셰익스피어 예술론』은 우리나라의

위기 이후의 신자유주의, 불안/전의 일상화와 사회적인 것의 귀환?

안정옥(Ahn, Jung-Ok) 고려대학교 아세아문제연구소 2013 亞細亞硏究 Vol.56 No.1

After the crisis of neoliberal financial globalization in 2007, what we are witnessing is not the end of the neoliberal governing, but its persistency being accompanied by deepened and generalized insecurity in ordinary life. The article is to investigate what makes this paradoxical situation develop in terms of the social sources of neoliberalism and financialization. Especially, the author pays attention to the relationship between the financialization of ordinary life and the social dimension of the citizenship and seeks its implications for the social and democracy. What is necessary for excluding social exclusions for alternative development is not just the return of the social, but its transformation.

연구논문 : 근대(近代) 문학(文學)에 나타난 신화적(神話的) 상상력(想像力) 연구(硏究) - 이효석, 이상, 김유정 다시읽기 -

표정옥 ( Jung Ok Pyo ) 시학과 언어학회 2007 시학과 언어학 Vol.13 No.-

<비보이를 사랑한 발레리나1)>와 김유정 문학의 축제적 상상력 연구 -놀이적 상상력과 축제적 상상력의 상호 연관을 통해-

표정옥 ( Jung Ok Pyo ) 대구가톨릭대학교 인문과학연구소 2008 인문과학연구 Vol.9 No.-

배달 미니 게임 개발:"최고의 웨이터를 꿈꾸며"

김정훈,정한교,김영옥,김중곤,박정윤,윤진성,김경식 호서대학교 반도체제조장비국산화연구센터 2001 반도체장비학술심포지움 Vol.2001 No.-

본 미니 게임은 웨이터라는 직업을 모티브로 하여서 남녀노소 누구나 재미를 느낌과 동시에 기억력 향상시켜 주는 게임제작이라는 목적아래 제작되었다.본 논문에서는 이 게임의 제작과정을 기술하고자 한다.이 게임은 제3회 AGC(한국 아마추어 게임제작 공모전)에서 우수 작으로 선정되었다.

조선 후기의 기술직중인 (技術職中人)

정옥자 ( Ok Ja Jung ) 진단학회 1986 진단학보 Vol.- No.61

치매방지 작업기구 사용이 항산화효소 활성에 미치는 영향

조경혜,박정은,윤지윤,문세보,박효영,정인옥,이정원 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2001 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.13 No.-

We developed an occupational therapy tool to maintain and improve the cognitive function for the elderly who have senile dementia. 86 elderly people took a mininal mental state examination (MMSE) for the therapy to perform the occupational therapy, and divided into three groups based on avarage ages and MMSE values. The occupational therapy was treated three times per week for 10 weeks. The results showed that there were significant differences in the performing scores before and after the treatment ; the scores for the occupational therapy were increased significantly (p<0.001) and the performing time was shortened from 6-week throughout 10-week regimen. This study was to examine the effect on the activity of antioxidant enzymes by occupational therapy. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, Glutathion-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased to the normal standard by the occupational therapy for the elderly having dementia. The recovery of activities of antioxidant enzymes was obvious in severe demented elderly compared to those in normal or mild demented elderly. These results suggest that the occupational therapy had an beneficial effect on the protection against the oxidative stress especially for severe demented elderly, and the occupational tool need to be modified so as to improve the protection against the oxidative stress for normal and/or mild demented elderly.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

부산, 경남지역 작업장 환경관리에 대한 노사간 인식도 조사 분석

옥치상,김정아 高神大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

The study was done for the purpose of comparing the cognition between labours and masters for work-shop environmental management. The subjects consisted of 128 personnel who are in 64 work-shops in Kyung-Nam province and Pusan city. Data collection was done from July 18th to August 20th 1990, by means of a questionnaire. The analysis of data was done by use of t and x²-test. Based on results, the backgrounds of labours and masters in work-shops were different by age, sex and service period. And the composition was 53.2% in twenties labours and 50.8% in thirties masters. The cognition for environmental pollution was very high. The environmental education in work-shops was very low as 20-40%. So it was concluded that the most desirable work-shop environmental management is recommended the development and the enforcement of educational programs for hazardous prevention the removal of hazardous pollutants, physical examination etc., and the estabilishment of environmental department