행정중심복합도시 중앙녹지공간 국제설계공모에 나타난 대형 공원의 설계 전략

박근현,배정한,Park, Keun-Hyun,Pae, Jeong-Hann 한국조경학회 2008 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.36 No.5

Although competitions for large parks are increasing rapidly across the world, theoretical research and critiques of these competitions are as yet insufficient. The 'International Design Competition for Central Open Space in Multi-functional Administrative City, Korea', a representative competition for large park design, can be a significant resource for examining the contemporary design strategies that go into the design of a large park. In this study, the authors make a framework for analysis by looking at the competition's design guidelines and literatures on 'large parks', and by then analyzing the ten finalists. Four questions that were derived from the framework were: 'what are the approaches to large parks?', 'what is the process of design?', 'what is the sustainability of the park?', and 'what are the relations between city and park?' The results of the study are as follows. First, the design concepts for large parks are primarily site-specific. It is particularly important in ensuring the identity of the large park. Second, it is difficult to find design proposals which satisfy the four main questions sufficiently, and works submitted tend to be visual-oriented, form-oriented, and results-centered. Third, the notion of 'sustainability' in large parks is a comprehensive one which includes various aspects such as ecology, finance, programming, and community. However, the notion remains ambiguous, and plans for operation and management are not concretely proposed. Finally, design proposals for large parks accompany positive relations with the city. Especially, 'productive parks' and 'city self-sufficiency' are very important demands in regards to large parks. 전 세계적으로 대형 공원 설계공모가 급증하고 있지만 이에 대한 체계적 검토와 비판적 연구는 드물다. 대표적인 대형 공원 설계공모였던 행정중심복합도시 중앙녹지공간 국제설계공모는 동시대 대형 공원의 설계 전략을 고찰할 수 있는 의미 있는 소재이다. 본 연구는 공모전의 지침서 및 '대형 공원'과 관련된 기존의 문헌 연구를 통해 분석틀을 마련하고, 이를 바탕으로 열개의 결선작을 분석하였다. 분석틀로 도출된 네 가지 질문은 대형 공원에 대한 접근 방식, 프로세스 설계, 공원의 지속가능성, 도시와의 관계이다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대형 공원의 설계 개념은 주로 대상지 내부의 특성에서 나온다. 특히 공원의 정체성 확보가 대형 공원에서는 중요하다. 둘째, 본 연구의 네 가지 질문을 모두 만족시킨 설계안은 찾기 어려웠으며, 여전히 시각적, 형태중심적, 결과중심적 설계가 많았다. 셋째, 대형 공원의 '지속가능성'은 생태적 측면, 재정적 측면, 프로그램 측면, 커뮤니티 측면 등 다양한 측면을 아우르는 포괄적인 개념이다. 하지만 그 개념이 아직 모호하고, 구체적인 운영 및 관리 프로그램들이 부족하다. 넷째, 대형 공원은 도시와의 관계 맺기에 적극적으로 나선다. 특히, '생산하는 공원'과 '도시의 자급자족성 확보'는 대형 공원에 요청되는 중요한 필요조건이다.

서울시 都市公園의 變遷에 關한 硏究

박인재,이재근 한국정원학회 2002 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.20 No.4

This study is to classify and evaluate the changes of policies, sizes, and the administrative organizations of parks in Seoul. Reviewed with the changes examined up to now, most plans were temporary ones established on situations. So it would be better to make mid-term plans based on long-term plans. For the present conditions of parks, it appeared that city parks should be managed not by entrusting autonomous districts but by Seoul local government having park administative offices by 5-green land areas, and that citizens should be allowed to develop and operate management programs for parks. For its organization, officials in the bureau consisting of specialized experts should be appointed as the directors for the concerned special duties. And the field of park, leisure, ecology and sightseeing, etc. scattered in Seoul City organizations are to be emerged onto a scholastic category. For and it is recommend to connect organizations and scientific research.

Examining the Influence of Leisure Involvement and Experience Quality on Behavioral Intentions

Keun-Soo Park(박근수),Li Zhao(조리),Sunyoung Kim(김선영) 한국콘텐츠학회 2018 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.18 No.10

이 논문은 중국 정주의 도시 공원을 중심으로 여가 관여도, 체험의 질 그리고 행동의도간의 관계를 연구하였다. 총 335개의 설문지를 8개의 정주의 도시공원에서 수집하였다. 조사에 참가한 335명의 주민을 대상으로 설문지를 수집하였고, 데이터 처리과정에서 부분 응답과 일관성 없는 (불일치) 39개의 설문지를 제거하여 분석목적으로 296개의 설문지를 코드화하였다. 연구 분석을 위해서 SPSS 24.0을 이용하였으며 기술분석, 빈도분석, 요인분석, 다중회귀 분석을 하였다. 연구 결과 주민들의 도시공원에서의 체험의 질은 여가 관여도의 자기 체험의 질보다 여가 관여도의 매력요인(유인요소)과 중심성 요인에 더 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 체험의 질을 구성하는 모든 요인들이 도시공원에서 행동의도에 긍정적 영향을 유의미하게 미치는 것은 아니라는 점을 이 연구의 결과는 보여주고 있다. 교육의 질 요인, 심미요인, 회피체험 요인이 행동의도를 예측하는데 중요하다는 점이 연구결과 도출되었다. 반면, 오락 체험의 질은 행동의도와 유의미한 긍정적(+)인 관계를 나타내지 않았다. 도출된 연구결과를 바탕으로 몇 가지 중요한 연구시사점이 제안되었다. This study focused on relationships among leisure involvement, experience quality and behavioral intention in the urban parks. A total of 335 were collected, and during the data refinement process, 39 questionnaires were eliminated from the study due to partial and inconsistent responses. thus leading to 296 usable questionnaires out of 335. In the final result, 296 questionnaires were coded for the analysis purpose. The hypothesized conceptual model was used to analyze the Descriptive Analysis and Frequency Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis using SPSS 24.0. The result indicated this: residents’ experience quality in urban parks depends on more attraction and centrality of leisure involvement than on the self-experience quality of leisure involvement. The results of this study also indicate that not all experience dimensions are important for resulting in positive behavioral intentions to urban parks. The quality of education, esthetic, and escape experience showed a significant predictor of behavioral intentions, while the quality of entertainment experience did not show a significant positive relationship with behavioral intentions.

An Overview of Conceptual Frameworks in Coaching Confidence

Park, Jeong-Keun 한국스포츠심리학회 2003 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.14 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 자아 효능감, 교사 효능감, 코칭 자신감에 대한 개념 뿐만 아니라 관련 있는 코칭 자신감 구성의 프레임웍에 대한 문헌연구를 제공하는 데 있다. Bandura(1977)의 자아 효능감 개념, Denhamr 과 Michael(1981)의 교사 효능감에 대한 다차원적 모델, Park(1992)의 코칭 자신감 측정, Moon 과 Park(1995)의 코칭 자신감 Ⅱ측정, Feltz 등(1999)의 코칭 유능감의 개념적 모형을 사용해서, 코칭 자신감 개념적 프레임웍의 개요를 제시하였다. 마지막으로, 본 연구에서는 코칭 자신감에 대한 문제점과 미래방향을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the self-efficacy, teacher-efficacy, and coaching confidence (efficacy) concepts, as well as frameworks of relevant coaching confidence constructs. Reviewing Bandura's (1977) conceptualization of self-efficacy, Denham and Michael's (1981) multidimensional model of teacher efficacy, Park's (1992) initial measure of coaching confidence, Moon & Park's (1995) measure of coaching confidence ll, and Feltz, Chase, Moritz, and Sullivan's (1999) conceptual model of coaching efficacy, an overview of conceptual frameworks in coaching confidence was explained. The study provided future directions on coaching confidence.

Choline dehydrogenase interacts with SQSTM1/p62 to recruit LC3 and stimulate mitophagy.

Park, Sungwoo,Choi, Seon-Guk,Yoo, Seung-Min,Son, Jin H,Jung, Yong-Keun Landes Bioscience 2014 AUTOPHAGY Vol.10 No.11

<P>CHDH (choline dehydrogenase) is an enzyme catalyzing the dehydrogenation of choline to betaine aldehyde in mitochondria. Apart from this well-known activity, we report here a pivotal role of CHDH in mitophagy. Knockdown of CHDH expression impairs CCCP-induced mitophagy and PARK2/parkin-mediated clearance of mitochondria in mammalian cells, including HeLa cells and SN4741 dopaminergic neuronal cells. Conversely, overexpression of CHDH accelerates PARK2-mediated mitophagy. CHDH is found on both the outer and inner membranes of mitochondria in resting cells. Interestingly, upon induction of mitophagy, CHDH accumulates on the outer membrane in a mitochondrial potential-dependent manner. We found that CHDH is not a substrate of PARK2 but interacts with SQSTM1 independently of PARK2 to recruit SQSTM1 into depolarized mitochondria. The FB1 domain of CHDH is exposed to the cytosol and is required for the interaction with SQSTM1, and overexpression of the FB1 domain only in cytosol reduces CCCP-induced mitochondrial degradation via competitive interaction with SQSTM1. In addition, CHDH, but not the CHDH FB1 deletion mutant, forms a ternary protein complex with SQSTM1 and MAP1LC3 (LC3), leading to loading of LC3 onto the damaged mitochondria via SQSTM1. Further, CHDH is crucial to the mitophagy induced by MPP+ in SN4741 cells. Overall, our results suggest that CHDH is required for PARK2-mediated mitophagy for the recruitment of SQSTM1 and LC3 onto the mitochondria for cargo recognition.</P>

기획논문 : 박영근 시에 나타난 절망과 서정의 변증법

박정근 ( Jeong Keun Park ) 한민족문화학회 2013 한민족문화연구 Vol.42 No.-

박영근은 노동자 시인으로서 사망하는 순간까지 신자유주의의 경제적 양극화와 노동자에 대한 자본의 착취에 반대하여 강열하게 투쟁하였다. 하지만 소연방의 몰락 후 지향점을 상실함에 따라 이데올로기적 절망에 빠지게 된다. 노동자들이 주체적으로 살아갈 수 있는 세상을 꿈꾸던 노동자 시인들뿐만 아니라 노동자, 진보적 지식인들은 모든 사회계급들이 신자유주의의 높은 파고에 휩쓸려 극심한 세속화현상을 드러내고 역동성을 상실하는 결과를 낳았다. 박영근은 그 실패의 원인이 노동자들의 입지를 사회의 상부구조에서 찾으려는 속물주의에 있으며, 사랑과 노동의 가치는 정치적 투쟁에서 획득될 수 없다고 진단한다. 그의 주장은 노동자들이 실리적인 파이를 위해서 싸우는 것보다, 그들의 연대를 위해서 먼지처럼 쓰러져서 하나가 되는 연민 속에 노동자들의 진정한 이미지가 존재한다고 본다. 그래서 그는 황량한 도시와 비인간적인 공장을 떠나 가족들이 들에서 땀을 흘리고 있는 고향을 돌아가 서정성의 샘을 찾고자 하였다. 시인은 깊은 절망 때문에 오히려 서정에 대한 갈증을 느끼면서 시로 노래할 수 있다고 생각한다. 박영근의 절망은 이데올로기적 절망, 경제적 절망 그리고 실존적 절망으로 분류할 수 있다. 이러한 절망들은 분리되어 있기보다 상호 더 깊은 것으로 연결되고 병합된다. 여성 노동자들은 거리의 마네킹의 이미지를 보며 매료되고, 그것들의 세속적인 환상에 자의적으로 오염되는 경향을 보인다. 그래서 1980년대의 노동자들은 더 이상 이데올로기적 가치를 유지하지 못하고 위선적 구호로 전락하게 된다. 시인은 그의 이념적 투쟁의 길고 의미 없는 노정을 인식하고 통곡하리라는 두려움을 느낄 때 그의 과거를 조용히 응시함으로써 절제된 서정성을 유지하고자 한다. 시인은 경제적 결핍으로 인한 실질적 어려움으로 고통을 당하지만 그의 가난한 일상을 고통스럽지 않고 오히려 긍정적으로 수용하고자 한다. 노동자들이 가난을 자신의 것으로 받아들일 수 없을 때, 그들은 정체성을 잃고 비실존적 존재가 된다. 그의 관점에서 빈자는 빈민가의 환경 속에서도 서정을 즐기고 미학의 꽃을 피울 수 있다. 그는 이념적 투쟁의 전투에서 그 원인을 따지기보다, 가난의 절망으로 파고들어가 악기로서의 그들의 가슴을 연주함으로써 서정적 미학을 입증하고자 하는 것이다. 시인이 절망을 극복하기 위해서 의존하는 도구는 바로 시이다. 하지만 그는 거대한 우주와 자연을 대면하면서 실존적 절망에 빠지게 된다. 그는 몽골의 광활한 초원처럼 거대한 자연 앞에서 그의 시 조차도 무력하고 무의미하다는 것을 깨닫는다. 그는 미친 햄릿이 부패한 세상에 대해 저항하듯이 실존적 좌절에 빠져 행려의 길을 떠난다. 그의 행려는 실존적 삶의 구도의 길일 수도 있고, 권력과 자본의 공모에 의해서 추방된 시인의 실존적 요소와 통합함으로써 생명과 재생의 원칙으로 생태적 또는 서정적 미학의 수준에 이를 수 있는 것이다. Park YoungKeun as a labourer Poet had fought intensively against economical extremities of Neo-liberalism and exploitation of capital from labourers until he died. However, he came to fall into ideological despair by losing his destination after the breakdown of Soviet Union. The Labourers, liberal intellectuals as well as labourer poets, dreaming about the world where labourers can live subjectively, resulted in losing their dynamics by the fact that all of the social classes were swept by the high waves of Neo-liberalism but to show extreme secularization. Park diagnoses that the cause of the failure exists in snobbism by which the position of labourers can be found in the upper parts of the social structure, and that love and value of labour cannot be attained in the Political conflicts. He thinks that the true images of labourers exist in the pity that they fall like dust for their consolidation to become one, rather than in fighting for their realistic pie. Thus, he departs desolate cities and inhuman factories and tries to find the fountain of lyricism by returning to his hometown where his family are sweating in the farm. The poet can sing with his poems feeling the thirst for lyricism because he is feeling deep despair. Park`s despairs can be classified into ideological despair, economical one, and existential one. These despairs are not so much divided as mutually connected and affiliated into deeper one. THe female labourers are fascinated to watch the images of manikins in the street and liable to be Polluted willingly for their secular illusions. Now, the labour poems of 80s cannot maintain their ideological values further and are degenerated into hypocritical slogans. The poet tries to maintain moderated lyricism by gazing his Past calmly when he feels his fear that he would cry out at his long and meaningless way of ideological strifes. The Poet would like to accept his Poor ordinary life positively, not Painfully though he is suffering from realistic difficulties caused by economical Poverty. When labourers cannot accept Poverty as their own, they come to lose their identities and become in-existential beings. He thinks that the Poor can enjoy their own lyricism and let the flowers of their esthetics bloom even in the environment of slums. And he dares to prove the lyrical esthetics of the Poverty by entering into the despairs of the poverty and playing their hearts as musical instruments, not by telling the cause of it in the battlefield of ideological strifes. Lastly, the objects on which he would like to depend for overcoming his despairs are his poems. However, he comes to fall into existential despair when he faces the huge universe and nature. He realizes that even his poems are powerless and meaningless in front of tremendous nature like the wide Plain of Mongol. He departs the way of wandering in his existential despair as mad Hamlet resists against corrupted world. His wandering can be that of finding the truth of existential life, as well it can be the existential situation of the poet who is expelled by the conspiracy of power and capital. He achieves his awakening that he can reach the level of ecological and lyrical esthetics with the principle of life and regeneration through his integration with existential elements of the universe and nature an well as through the rottenness of human-beings` secularities.

Role of the baseball academy in the Gangjin Baseball Park

Jeong-Keun Park,Soo-Chang Woo 한국코칭능력개발원 2008 Coach Vol.24 No.2

The purpose of this study was to introduce the role of the baseball academy in the Gangjin Baseball Park. Purpose of establishing the baseball academy was to provide three things. The first was to provide playing opportunity for athletes who were not selected to the professional or university teams and athletes who were ejected from the professional teams. The second was to find a job. After graduating from the academy, they will have chances for getting jobs such as professional team players and front staffs, agents, sport marketing companies, amateur baseball teams, coaches and officials, translators, high ranked officials in the international baseball body, professors, and MLB internship. The third was to be selected as an national accredited baseball academy in the future for the baseball development. The academy is now running by both Hoseo University (Dept. of Baseball Coaching in the Graduate School of Coaching Development, Dept. of Sport S Exercise Science in the College of Art S Sports, Sport Management Majoring in the Graduate School of Venture) and the Korea Coaching Development Center. This research introduced history, purpose of establishing, business items, schedule for the selection, scholarship, curriculum, future career, academy facility, and etc.

지리산국립공원 심원계곡 생태경관 복원공사지역 식생 변화

정태준 ( Tae-jun Jung ),김연경 ( Yeon-Gyeong Kim ),김영진 ( Young-jin Kim ),정명희 ( Myung-hee Jung ),박경희 ( Kyoung-hee Park ),신창근 ( Chang-keun Shin ),박선홍 ( Seung-hong Park ),김영선 ( Young-sun Kim ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.35 No.3

본 연구는 지리산국립공원 심원계곡 생태경관 복원공사지역의 모니터링 결과를 분석하여 체계적인 복원관리를 도모할 수 있는 기초자료를 확보하는데 그 목적이 있다. 복원사업이 완료된 2017년도에 식생 모니터링을 위한 조사구 12개소와 대조구 4개소를 설치하였고, 2017년과 2020년의 상대우점치, 종다양도지수, 유사도 등의 변화를 분석하였다. 복원사업 시 수목이 식재되었던 조사구는 종다양도지수가 0∼1.4552로 나타났고, 대조구와의 유사도지수에서는 1개 조사구가 1.32%로 분석된 것을 제외하고 모두 0%로 나타났다. 조사구의 종다양도지수 및 유사도지수가 매우 낮은 것은 복원사업 시 식재된 수목이 고사하거나 멧돼지 피해, 유수에 의한 침식으로 유실되는 등의 영향으로 판단되었다. 반면 복원사업 시 수목이 식재되지 않은 미식재 조사구는 종다양도지수가 0.9538∼2.3222로 나타났고, 유사도지수는 최대 8.33%까지 분석되었다. 국립공원 생태경관 복원공사지역의 복원 공법 개발을 위한 장기 모니터링과, 미식재 조사구의 천이과정을 분석하는 지속적인 연구가 필요하다. This study aims to obtain basic data for systematic restoration by analyzing the monitoring results of the Shimwon Valley Ecological Landscape Restoration Project area in Jirisan National Park. In 2017, when the restoration project was completed, 12 monitoring plots and 4 control plots were installed for vegetation monitoring, and changes in the relative dominance, species diversity index and similarity between 2017 and 2020 were analyzed. The species diversity index of the surveyed areas where trees were planted during the restoration project was 0-1.4552, and the similarity index with the control group was 0% except for one survey area at 1.32%. The very low species diversity index and similarity index in the survey areas were attributed to the loss of trees planted during the restoration project due to death, damage by wild boars, or erosion by running water. On the other hand, the species diversity index was 0.9538-2.3222 in the monitoring plot where no tree was planted, and the similarity index was analyzed to be as high as 8.33%. It is necessary to continue the long-term monitoring for the development of ecological landscape restoration methods in the national park and analysis of the succession in monitoring plots where no trees were planted.

朴斗鎭의 詩精神 小考

朴根瑛 상명대학교 논문집 1983 상명대학교논문집 Vol.12 No.-

This thesis is designed to observe synchronically the poetic spirit of Park Dujin, who was a naturalist. If focusses on the change of poetical interest in San(Mountians), one of his favorite poetic subjects. His poetic state of mind can be divided into three stages; the early, the middle and the later stages. First, in the early stage, the commonest and most interested space 'San' in his poetical works harmonize with a higher and wider view of mountaions. In the mjddle stage, his interest covers wider and more dynamic spaces, such as seas and rivers to a narrower and more concrete world, for example, flowers as well as mountains. In the later stage of his poems, we can find his poetic interest moved to the fundamental space, the inner part of his own world. He described it by means of stones, rocks, orchids, and the like. Second, he was such a kind of poet that longs for the coexistance of human beings, and he seeks justice and peace in their lives, as well as predicts the ways people should keep going for a better future. It is true that, in the earlier stage, he tried to describe distinctly the idealistic world of 'poetical' justice (promotion of virtue and reproval of vice). But, in his recent anthology, 'The Era of the Wild Creature', he finally granted the existence of the 'wolf' which had been considered as the symbol of vice. That can also be found in his poem"The Moon and the Wolf". Such circumstances, in a wider point of view, displays the change of his poetic spirit and attitude; in other words, the poem seems to tell us that his view of life was broadened. Third, he is certainly a poet of naturalism rather than of Christianity patriotism, or of resistance. He eagerly pursued a better way to discover and uncover what the real human nature is. Furthermore, he emphasized and prayed for its recovery. It can be found in his poems that to realize the true human spirit is to expel untruth, absurdity and irrationality because the recovery of the real human nature and truth in man means to realize an idealistic world. The reason, I believe, some still regard him as a patriotic or Christian poet is grounded in the different relations of time and regions.

Perceived Crowding at Cultural Event in China : A Focus on the Ditan Temple Fair

Park,Keun-soo,Chen Yan 세계문화관광학회 2006 Conference Proceedings Vol.7 No.0

The purpose of this study was to find out the factors influencing the perceived crowding in a temple fair in China, and extend the concept of perceived crowding to the event environment. Study model was based on Choi's crowding model, and three theories; expectancy theory, stimulus-overload theory, and social interference theory. Correlation analysis was used to test the relationship between the perceived crowding and a variety of variables, as well as the relationship with visitor satisfaction. The study reveals that perceived crowing in the Ditan Temple Fair is significantly and positively related with estimated density, and negatively related with expectation of crowding. Situation factor was also related with perceived crowding. An important finding in this study is perceived crowding in general has a positive relation with visitors' satisfaction, which means the increasing perceived crowding did not decrease the visitors' satisfaction in the Ditan Temple Fair, but improved their recreational experiences. The suggestion for the management of the Ditan Temple Fair with respect to decreasing crowding perception was also offered in this study.