사례연구 : 가업승계와 가족기업의 경쟁력: 에스엘 사례

이장우 ( Jang Woo Lee ),마윤주 ( Yoon Joo Ma ),정수철 ( Su Chul Jung ) 한국중소기업학회 2010 中小企業硏究 Vol.32 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 가족기업의 핵심역량 축적과정을 살펴보고 성공적인 가업승계의 중요성을 논의하는 것이다. 이를 위해 가족기업의 경쟁우위를 설명한 Miller and Le Breton-Miller (2005)의 4C(Continuity, Community, Connection, Command)모델을 기반으로 3대에 걸친 성공적인 가업승계를 기반으로 한 에스엘의 핵심역량 축적과정을 조사했다. 국내 자동차부품회사인 에스엘의 성장과정에 관한 2차 자료를 분석하고, 대표이사와의 심층인터뷰를 통해 그 연관성을 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 분석결과 창업자 가족이 공유한 가치관과 비전, 노하우, 경험 등은 장기적인 지향성을 가지고 지속적으로 핵심역량을 개발하는데 큰 역할을 하였다. 또한 신뢰의 가치관이라는 사회적 자본을 효과적으로 전달받은, 다음 세대의 후계자는 가족 가치관을 토대로 대외 네트워크를 더욱 견고히 하고 지속적으로 발전시켰다. 에스엘은 성공적인 가업승계로 소유와 지배구조를 집중화 할 수 있었고, 이에 따라 외부 이해관계자들의 압력 없이, 가족 내부 조화를 통해 독립적이고 과감한 의사결정이 가능하였다. 이는 가족기업의 경우 고유한 공동체적 문화와 신뢰에 기반 한 외부 네트워크 형성을 통해 경쟁력 구축에 힘쓸 필요가 있으며, 일반기업의 경우에도 공동체 적 조직문화와 중장기적 관점의 외부 협력관계가 기업의 영속성 유지에 중요하다는 시사점을 제공한다. 또한 가엽승계가 기업경쟁력의 유지와 세대 간 이전에 중요한 기능을 함에 따라 이에 대한 적절한 정책적 배려가 필요하다. The purpose of this study is to examine the process of accumulating com-petences and competitiveness by family companies, and discuss the importance of successful succession of a family business. The core competence accumulation process and competitiveness sources of SL, which is based on successful succession of the family business for three generations, was examined based on the 4C (Continuity, Community, Connection, Command) model of Miller and Le Breton-Miller (2005), which explains the competitive superiority of family companies. Secondary data on the growth process of SL, a domestic auto-mobile parts company, was analyzed and their strategic implications were examined in detail through an in-depth interview with the CEO. The 4C factors, which are antecedent variables of a successful family business, played an important role on the growth process of SL. The continuity factor existed through continuous research and development that focuses on and invests in improving technology quality such as mold pro-duction, lamp production, sash production, and design automation. 2 to 3 percent of the sales amount each year was spent on research and development, regardless of the condition of the economy. As a result, the intellectual property of the company reached 1,108 items (583 applications, 440 registered properties, 47 in review, 38 trademarks) by 2006. From a long-term perspective, the company is improving their technical power to an international standard through technical investments. The continuity of investments in research and development is apparent through three generations, and it can be said that this reflects the characteristics of family business management that shares a goal, and confirms and develops the core capacities of the company. The factor of community started with the "people first" business, management philosophy of the late presi-dent, Hae-joon Lee. Then, it expanded to "human respect" during the president Choong-kon Lee`s generation, and to "ethical management" for the CEO Sung-yup Lee`s generation. The sense of community was revealed to be in the form of a community corporate culture based on a good welfare system for employees and com-munity awareness. Diverse benefits including a housing support system, housing fund support system, child-ren`s education fee support system, scholarship system, and company clubs support system were used to make people feel like "the company and I are one" and work with a sense of ownership. The fact that there has not been one conflict between labor and management since 1968, when the labor union was first established, is especially a noteworthy point. The business management based on "people first" stresses the responsibility and roles of employees and reflects the belief that a workplace should not simply be a place to make a living, but a part of life where you can cultivate character and fulfill your role as a member of society. The connection factor appears as continuous partnerships and networks with domestic and international parts suppliers and technologically advanced companies. The late honorary chairman Hae-joon Lee maintained partnerships and networks with Hyundai Motor Company and Daewoo Motors. Then, chairman Choong-kon Lee expanded the network to include KIA and Ssangyong Motors and maintained long-term relationships with domestic automobile makers. In addition, the company is maintaining cooperative relations with the Japanese company Stanley and German company Hella, and has started dealing with the U.S. company GM, too. CEO Sung-yup Lee`s generation improved the company`s relationship with GM and made the achievement of re-ceiving the QSTP Award (an award GM gives to selected skilled companies out of all the parts companies in the world) from GM for 14 consecutive years (1997-2010), solidifying its position as a skilled partner of GM. SL is also advancing into China through collaborations with the local branch to extract new cooperative relations. The value of "trust" is the motivation that helped SL maintain and strengthen relationships and networks. This value started with the founder of the company and was handed down to chairman Choon-kon Lee and CEO Sung-yup Lee, and worked as a core factor to strengthen external cooperative relationships. The factor of command is apparent from the decisions of business managers who take on a challenge, structural management that includes an endless will for innovation, and leadership. When the late honorary chairman Hae-joon Lee could not cultivate a road for the automobile parts industry because of smuggled goods, he recognized the importance of the automobile parts industry and folded his bicycle parts business, which was number one in the market at the time, without hesitation thanks to his owner-focused independent and bold decision-making skills. In the mid-1990s, when most automobile production companies experienced difficulties because of the economic crisis where Korea was dependent on the IMF, and the aftershocks of restructuring affected automobile parts manufacturing companies, chairman Choong-kon Lee considered the crisis an opportunity and acquired and merged with Seogu Industry (currently known as SL Litech), Oriental Construction and Poongi Building (currently known as SL Seo Bong Co., Ltd. Shiheung factory), creating a turning point to develop further after the crisis. CEO Sung-yup Lee pursues continuous innovation including a corporate culture that places importance on learning and admitting mistakes, change of the structural system to a project based system, and a human resources system that focuses on human resources management, and is emphasizing corporate changes according to the situation of the times. An examination of the SL core competence accumulation process based on the 4C model shows that it is establishing positive relationships and continuity based on connection and trust, leading to a cooperation sys-tem based on the value of trust. It also establishes a positive relationship with command focusing on a com-munity structure culture, which leads to structure capacity based on community culture. The factors of con-nection and community were found to be especially strong at SL. The factor of connection was a core growth motivation, influenced by the key values of family. SL reveals its growth motivation to be "unification of all employees," shares the goals and visions of family with its employees, and offers a variety of different benefits. The active will of employees to participate in this community is seen to be the background behind big accomplishments such as innovations in the field, which are still being pursued. Successful succession of the family company and family business management are strengths that lie in the center of the motivation that allowed SL to continue to grow for three generations, starting with the founder, the late honorary chairman Hae-joon Lee, who provided a foundation of growth with values of trust and peo-ple first, moving on to the second generation chairman Choong-kon Lee, who accomplished a rapid development of the company based on technological developments and respect for people, and finally through to the third generation CEO Sung-yup Lee, who is making efforts for globalization and innovation based on ethical management and change. This shows that the values of trust set by the founder have continued on for a long time, through his son, chairman Choong-kon Lee, and grandson, CEO Sung-yup Lee. Chairman Lee, CEO Lee and executive director Lee Seung-hoon are learning corporate culture and management know-how through a great will to participate and actual participation in management. SL was able to gain competitiveness and continuously reach excellent management performance through cooperation based on the value of trust and structural management that focuses on community culture. As a result of analyzing the company through the 4C model and conducting in-depth interviews with man-agement, it can be said that the values, vision, know-how and experience the founder shared with his family largely contributed to continuous development of core competence with a long-term goal. This in turn had a positive effect on establishment of a corporate community based on trust. By inducing loyalty, participation, and focus on employees in the organizational structure with something more than just financial incentives, the core values of the company are relayed through generations and play an important role in maintaining the community, and also emotionally motivating members of the community. Another point is that the successor who effectively received the social capital of trust as a value, strengthened and continued to develop the ex-ternal network based on the family values. The value of "trust" started by the founder played a key role in strengthening external cooperative relations as it was succeeded through generations. This had a positive ef-fect on connection based on the value of trust, and especially decisively contributed to maintaining close rela-tions of cooperation in the external network and long-term cooperative relationships. SL was able to focus the possession and domination structure through successful succession of the family business, and make in-dependent bold decisions through internal harmony of the family, without pressure from people involved externally. The results above lead to the following points of discussion regarding corporate management. From a busi-ness management perspective, first, a family company needs to establish an external network based on a unique community culture and trust to work on establishing competitiveness. Second, there is a need to reflect the fact that a community-like structural culture and external cooperative relations from a mid- to 0long-term perspective have an important effect on maintenance of corporate continuity, even for companies that are not family businesses, on business management. Third, there is a need to focus on the fact that a structural man-agement method that uses values such as community help secure continuity of a company. From a policy per-spective, since succession of a family business can be not succession of wealth but succession of accumulated technological core competence and good management philosophy and know-how, it is important for improve-ing national competitiveness, to maintain corporate competitiveness, and transfer the competitiveness between generations. Therefore, there is a need for appropriate policies that support the successful transgenerational succession of family businesses.

전통시장 내 소매경쟁이 임대료에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이철성 ( Lee Chul Sung ),김장현 ( Kim Janghyun ) 한국유통경영학회(구 한국유통정보학회) 2018 유통경영학회지 Vol.21 No.5

기존 전통시장에 대한 정부 정책은 대형유통업체와의 경쟁으로 인하여 전통시장의 매출감소를 방지하고 지역 경제의 기반을 유지하고 활성화시키기 위한 측면에서 이루어졌다. 그러나 대형유통업체는 SSM 및 상품공급점, 식자재 마트 등과 함께 최근에는 편의점을 통해 전통시장에 입점하고 있는 현실이다. 이러한 대형유통업체로 인한 전통시장잠식은 매출하락에 영향을 미치며, 장기적으로는 부동산 가치의 하락을 야기하여 전통시장이 사라질 수 있음을 의미한다. 그러나 소매경쟁의 측면에서 이에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 그러나 이에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이철성, 김영기, 김승희(2018)과 김승희, 이철성, 김영기(2018)의 연구를 바탕으로 전통시장의 소매경쟁과 임대료의 관계를 살펴보려 한다. 이를 위하여 소상공인시장진흥공단과 한국감정원의 자료를 바탕으로 이들간의 관계를 실증분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전통시장 내 SSM 및 상품공급점의 입점은 점포의 단위면적당 임대료를 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 기존 김승희, 이철성, 김영기(2018)의 연구결과에서 이들 업체의 입점이 전통시장의 공실률에 부정적인 영향을 미친다는 결과와 일치한다. 둘째, 전통시장 내 하나로 마트의 입점은 점포 임대료에는 영향을 미치지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 하나로 마트가 유통산업발전법 제외 대상이나 실질적으로 대형유통업체로 간주해야 하며, 전통시장에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 의미한다. 마지막으로 전통시장 내 식자재 마트와 기타 마트의 입점은 점포 임대료에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. The government policy on the traditional market has been made in order to prevent the decrease of sales in the traditional market due to competition with large retailers and to maintain and activate the foundation of local economy. However, large retailers have recently entered the traditional market through convenience stores, commodity supply stores, and food materials mart. Recently, it has been opened through convenience stores. Traditional market erosion caused by these large distributors affects sales decline, and in the long run, it may lead to a decline in real estate value and the traditional market may disappear. However, research on retail competition is lacking. Therefore, this study will examine the relationship between retail competition and rent in traditional markets based on the researches of Lee Chul-sung Kim Young ki, Kim Seung-hee (2018) and Kim Seung-hee, Lee Chul-sung and Kim Young-ki (2018). For this purpose, we conducted empirical analysis on the relationship between them based on the data of the market promotion corporation and the Korean appraisal agency. The results of the study are as follows. First, SSM and commodity supply store in traditional markets lower rent per unit area of stores. These findings are consistent with the findings of Kim Seung-hee, Lee Chul-sung, and Kim Young-ki (2018) that the entry of these firms negatively affects the vacancy rate of traditional markets. Second, Hanaro mart's entry has a negative effect on store rents. These results imply that Hanaro Mart should be regarded as a large-scale retailer or a target to be excluded from the retail industry development law and has a negative impact on the traditional market. Finally, it was found that the number of food materials mart and other mart in traditional markets did not affect store rents.

李德馨의 임진왜란 중 외교 활동

이철성(Lee Chul-Sung) 한국인물사연구소 2007 한국인물사연구 Vol.7 No.-

This paper examines activities by Lee Deok-hyeong, a diplomat and statesman from the beginning to the end of the Imjinwaeran. Lee played an important role in having Ming forces dispatched to Chosun early in the war. He also was a diplomatic expert who took the charge of treating Ming's generals and gave the conditions and information about Ming's and Japan's forces. During peace negotiation, he not only played the role of a diplomat but also participated in the creation of new military forces to make efforts to cultivate soldiers and expand military facilities. He also established plans for defending Chosun from Yeojin. During re invasion by Japan, Lee transmitted information about the conditions of Ming Japan peace negotiation, and tried to make a favor for Chosun. As such, Lee's diplomatic activities were carried out not based on justification but in a substantial dimension. His opinion apparently is seen as based on toadyism and peace orientation that Chosun should ask Ming to send military forces and dispatch an envoy to Japan. However, Lee tried to change Ming's passive attitude toward combats by means of diplomatic activities, and positively advocated Ming's generals who stood for active engagement. He also claimed that Chosun should give chase to receding Japanese forces and then subjugate Tsusima. Deok hyeong was a clever diplomat who coped with matters in the position of pragmatism.

장치 (dispositif)로서의 연좌제 -1980년대 이문열의 초기 단편과 “중산층” 표상

이철호 ( Chul Ho Lee ) 한국문학연구학회 2015 현대문학의 연구 Vol.0 No.56

이문열 소설은 근본적으로 유럽 부르주아의 한국적 판본인 ``중산층``의 서사이며, 그것은 당대가 요구하는 중산층의 미덕과 자질을 분별하고 터득하는 데 있어 최적의 텍스트였다. 소위 ``이문열 신드롬``은 그의 소설이 단순히 대중적인 흥미와 자극적인 소재에 의존하지 않았기에 가능했던 현상이었고, 당대의 애독자들은 그의 소설에서 중산층이 갖추어야 할 지식과 교양을 기대할 수 있었다. 게다가 1980년대 초반만하더라도 중산층에 대한 공론화가 재가열되었을 만큼 그 계층의 규정 자체가 모호할 수밖에 없었다. 다시 말해 이 시기의 중산층은 명확히 규정 가능한 실체라기보다 1980년대 초반 본격화된 중산층 담론을 통해 상상적으로 재구성된 계층에 해당하며 이 들 불특정 계층을 역사적 실체, 즉 특정한 텍스트를 구매하고 소비하는 독자층으로 만들어가는 데-더 중요하게는 중산층 특유의 감성을 구조화하는 데-기여한 것이 바로 이문열 소설이라 할 수 있다. 중산층이 등장하는 이문열 초기 단편에서 두드러진 특징 중 하나는 ``연좌제``의 모티프이며, 그것은 단순히 소재적 차원을 넘어 주체화를 가능케 하는 일종의 장치(dispositif)로 작동한다. 다시 말해, 반공 이데올로기의 장치로서 연좌제는 개인의 자아에게 부단히 원죄 의식을 부과하면서도 그와 동시에 중산층이라는 주체를 생산 해내는 핵심 기제가 된다. The novels of Lee, Munyeol are highly useful texts for us to distinguish ``corrupt`` middle class of 1970s from healthy one of 1980s, and more importantly, his books are entirely suitable to represent social identities of middle class. The term ``middle class`` actually refers to a class restructured by the discourse of middle class which was fully discussed in the early of 1980s rather than a reality which is precisely definable. Lee``s works contributed to imagining this non-specific class as a historical reality and to structuralizing its unique sensibility. In this sense, it might be more reasonable to think that he shapes the image of middle class in his books than to say that people of middle class read Lee``s works avidly and eagerly. The remarkable characteristic of his early short novels in which a character of middle class appears is the motif of ``the implicative system.`` This implicative system serves a ``dispositif`` which makes subjectivation possible. In other words, this system, as an ideological device of anticommunism, imposes the consciousness of original sin on the self of an individual, and, at the same time, as an important agent, creates a subject who means middle class.

운동에너지 탄에 따른 전투시스템 내의 순간화재발생에 대한 해석적 연구

이승철(Lee Seung-Chul),전우철(Jeon Woo-Chul),이해평(Lee Hae-Pyeong),이헌주(Lee Heon-Joo),이창현(Lee Chang-Hyun) 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 합동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.7

본 연구는 외부 위협탄에 의한 전투시스템의 취약성을 분석하기 위한 선행연구로써, 운동에너지 탄의 종류에 따른 가상의 전투차량 내부에 적재포탄에서 순간화재발생 여부에 대한 전산해석을 수행하였다. 본 해석은 Autodyn 프로그램을 사용하였으며 순간화재발생을 판단하기 위해 Lee-Tarver ignition and growth model을 이용하였다. 본 계산에서 운동에너지 탄은 type A와 type B 두 가지로 설정하였고, 고폭탄은 COMPB, TNT 및 PBX9404를 설정하였다. 전산해석 결과, 고폭탄의 재질이 TNT와 PBX9404가 COMPB 재질보다 순간화재발생 확률이 상당히 높음을 알 수 있고 type B의 운동에너지 탄이 type A 보다 순간화재발생 확률이 다소 높음을 알 수 있었다.

영성과 모더니티-생명, 씨, 율려로 본 한국적 진보의 궤적-

이철호 ( Lee Chul-ho ) 인하대학교 한국학연구소 2014 한국학연구 Vol.0 No.35

이 글은 이돈화(李敦化), 함석헌(咸錫憲), 김지하(金芝河)가 공유하는 사상적 패턴을 중심으로 하나의 정신사적 계보를 구성하는 데 주된 목적이 있다. 『신인철학(新人哲學)』에서 이돈화는 천도교와 진화론을 결합해 독자적인 종교철학을 수립했다. 이를테면 ‘지기(至氣)’라는 천도교 용어가 ‘생명’이라는 진화론적 어휘로 변주되면서 그의 종교론은 과학적 엄밀성을 획득하게 된다. 이렇듯 이돈화는 진화론을 통해 인내천(人乃天) 사상의 과학화를 구현하고, 유기체적 생명주의를 통해서는 탈서구화를 지향했다. 그럼에도 그의 종교철학은 범신론 중심의 또 다른 보편주의를 강화하고 ‘생존경쟁’에 입각한 세계관을 재생산했다는 한계를 지닌다. 그에 비해, 함석헌은 기독교와 진화론이 결합된 역사주의를 바탕으로 반독재민주화 운동을 주도했다. 그에 의하면, 자아 내부에서 약동하는 생명력이야말로 위기를 혁명으로, 수난을 영광으로 바꾸는 원천적인 에너지다. 그 생명의 원리를 터득할 때 비로소 인격개조도 혁명도 가능해진다. 함석헌은 생명론에 의거해 세계주의를 주창했다는 점에서 이돈화와 변별되지만, 그 세계주의가 민족국가의 경계를 부정하지 않았기에 문제적이다. 김지하는 생명운동이나 율려운동을 통해 동북아공생(東北亞共生)을 강조했으나, 함석헌보다 더 민족주의적이면서 이돈화보다 더 서구의 가치체계를 내면화했다. The main purpose of this paper is to organize one-lined spiritual genealogy of ideological basis which is shared by Lee, Donhwa, Ham, Seokheon, and Kim, Jiha. In his work, Sinin Cheolhak (New Human Philosophy), Lee, Donghwa has combined Cheondogyo with Evolutionism, establishing his unique philosophy of religion. That is to say, by accepting the theory of evolution, he embodied scientific systemization of Innaecheon Thought, and through the organic Vitalism (Life-ism), he also aimed for De-Westernization. However, his religious philosophy reinforced another Universalism focused on Pantheism; furthermore his though had the limit in the aspect of representing the world view based on a struggle for existence. Ham, Seokheon, supporting the historicism which was generated by the combination of Christianity and Evolutionism, led the Korean democracy movement against despotism. According to him, it is an energetic vitality, the original energy, inside one’s self which can convert ‘crises into ‘revolution’ and ‘ordeal’ into ‘glory’. The understanding of this life principle makes personality rebuilding and revolution possible. Although Ham’s theory had discrimination against Lee’s thought in that he advocated cosmopolitanism relying on Vitalism (life-ism), it is problematic because his cosmopolitan outlook does not deny national boundaries basically. Although Kim, Jiha put an emphasis on the coexistence of North-East Asia through Vitalism and Yulryeo movement, his thought is much more nationalistic than Ham, Seokheon’s theory, and internalized value system of the Western more firmly than Lee, Donhwa’s did.

해운대 해수욕장의 이안류 발생기구 및 수치모의

김인철(Kim, In-Chul),이주용(Lee, Joo-Yong),이정렬(Lee, Jung-Lyul) 한국해안해양공학회 2011 한국해안해양공학회 논문집 Vol.23 No.1

2009년 8월 13일과 15일, 부산 해운대 해수욕장 앞 해상에서 이안류가 발생하였다. 또한, 올 여름인 2010년 7월 29일과 30일에도 이안류가 발생하여 피서객 들이 조난된 사고가 발생하였다. 해수욕객들은 전원 구조되어 인명 피해는 발생하지 않았지만 최근 이안류 발생이 너무 잦아져 이에 대한 원인파악과 대책마련이 시급한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 파랑모형과 조류가 결합된 해빈류 모형을 기본으로 튜브거동까지 재현되는 사용자 편의를 위하여 GUI로 개발된 HAECUM 모형(HAEundae CUrrent Model)을 이용, 해운대 해수욕장의 이안류 발생 수치모의를 실시하였다. At Haeundae Beach in Busan, people were swept away by the fast-moving rip current and rescued, on August 13th and 15th, 2009 & July 29th and 30th, 2010. In predicting the wave-induced current and consequent tube movement for public safety, the coastal flows and waves are calculated at each time step and grid point by means of systematic interfacing of hydrodynamic and wave models (Lee, 2001). To provide a user-friendly simulation tool for end-users, the forecasting system has been built in a software package called HAECUM. Outputs from the system are viewed as graphs of tube positions with combined current vectors for easy decision of emergency management officials. The tube-wave interaction is taken into account and the traces of swim tube are simulated by using a Lagrangian random walk (Chorin, 1978; Lee, 1994). In this study, we use the Lee's approach (Lee, 1993) in estimating the surface onshore currents due to wave breaking.

광미를 사용한 폴리머 시멘트 콘크리트의 강도 특성 및 내약품성

이병철,이주경,이윤수,이필호,이구연,전철수 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 1999 석재연 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

본 연구는 세골재의 일부를 광미로 치환하고 혼화제로 SBR 라택스를 사용하여 폴리머 시멘트 콘크리트 공시체를 제작한 후 강도특성 및 내약품성을 실험적으로 구명한 것이다. 그 결과 광미를 사용하지 않고 P/C비가 10%일 때 압축강도가 323㎏/㎠로 최고 값을 나타냈으며, 휨강도는 P/C비가 증가할수록 증가하여 P/C비가 10%일 때 89㎏/㎠를 나타냈다. 그리고 광미를 사용한 경우는 P/C비가 10%일때 압축강도가 357㎏/㎠, 휨강도가 92㎏/㎠로서 광미를 사용하지 않은 경우보다 높게 나타났다. 한편 10% HCI, 20%, NaOH 10% NaCl 수용액에 공시체를 3, 7, 14, 21, 28일간 침적 시킨 후 중량변화를 측정하여 내약품성을 실험한다. 광미를 사용한 경우가 우수한 내약품성을 나타냈다. 즉광미를 사용하지 않은 경우 P/C=0%일 때 28일 후 중량 변화가 11%였으나 P/C=20%일 때는 2%였고, 광미를 사용한 경우는 P/C=0%일 때 질량 변화가 6%였으나 P/C=20%일 때는 1.5%였으며 20% ,NaOH 10% NaCl 수용액에서는 질량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. Polymer cement concrete is made by the modifying ordinary cement concrete with polymer additive. Until now polymer cement concrete is not used for the structural member, but it is growing to be considered as developing uses such as a waterproof of roof slab, and a road pavement. The polymer cement concrete, being used for those uses, is superior to the cement concrete against the inorganic, organic acid, salt of acetic acid and organic solvents generally. In this paper, the polymer cement concrete was made by the ratio of 1:1 of sands and metal-mine waste rocks in fine aggregate in order to solve the environmental pollution which causes the social problem by metal-mine waste rocks. It was measured for the compressive strength, flexural strength, and chemicals resistance was tested by dealing with 10% HCI, 20% NaOH and 10% NaCI aqueous solution.

위절제술 환자의 표준진료지침 개발 및 적용 효과

김은희,김철규,이순교,김순덕,이혜옥,권정순,이경미,이민미,심순미,유용만,신종식,강은희,이상일,김병식,오성태,육정환,박수길 한국의료QA학회 2003 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background : Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Korea. surgical operation is one of the major treatment modalities for gastric cancer patients. Therefore, gastrectomy is one of the most common procedures in General Surgery. There were variation in length of hospital stay and medical treatment for gastrectomy between three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. Clinical pathways have received considerable attention as a tool for recucing the medical practice variation, increasing the efficiency of care process, and improving the quality of care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a clinical pathway for gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients. Methods : The clinical pathway for gastrectomy was developed and implemented by a multidisciplinary group in Asan Medical Center. A computerized clinical pathway program was developed and revised after a pilot test. A total of 145 patients underwent gastrectomy by three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. We compared the length of hospital stay, patient satisfaction, and unplanned readmission rate between the pre-pathway group(n=67) and the post-pathway group(n=78). We also investigated the degree of satisfaction among the physicians and nurses who were main end-users of the clinical pathway. Results : The clinical pathway was applied to all target patients. The average length of hospital stay was shortened from 12.7days to 10.6days(p<0.01). The degree of patient satisfaction with the care process changed from 90.3% to 89.2% after the implementation of the clinical pathway, but the difference was of satistically significant(p=0.761). Unplanned readmission rate was 2.9% in the pre-pathway group. More than 90% of physicians and nurses answered that the clinical pathway had been a useful tool in their medical practice. Conclusions : The findings of the study demonstrated that implementation of the clinical pathway for gastrectomy produced substantial reduction in the length of hospital stay while improving the quality of patient outcomes. The computerized clinical pathway program can be used as one of the powerful patient management tools for reducing the practice variations and increasing the efficiency of care process in Korea hospital settings.

운동에너지 탄과 적재포탄에 따른 전투시스템 내부에서의 순간화재발생에 대한 전산해석

이승철,전우철,이해평,이헌주,Lee, Seung-Chul,Jeon, Woo-Chul,Lee, Hae-Pyeong,Lee, Heon-Joo 한국군사과학기술학회 2013 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.16 No.6

In this paper, numerical analysis was performed about whether the flash fire of loaded shells breaks out in the virtual combat vehicle according to sorts of the kinetic energy ammunition as the preceding research for vulnerability analysis inside the combat system by an external threaty ammunition. In this simulation, Autodyn program was used and the Lee-Tarver ignition and growth model was used to determine the flash fire outbreak. In this study, the kinetic energy ammunition was set of type A and type B in two kinds and the loaded shells was set of COMPB, TNT, PBX9404 and ANB. As a result, TNT and PBX9404 have much higher flash fire probability than COMPB in high explosive, ANB has very low flash fire probability.