입원한 기분장애 소아청소년의 임상특성 : 주요 우울증과 양극성장애의 우울삽화 비교를 중심으로

임명호,조수철,백기청,이경규,김현우,홍강의 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2000 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.11 No.2

본 연구는 소아청소년에서의 우울증 및 조울증의 우울삽화에 대한 임상특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 1993년 3월 1일부터 1999년 10월 31일까지 ○○대학교 어린이 병원 소아청소년 정신과에 입원하였던 34명의 우울증 환아와 17명의 조울증 우울삽화 환아를 대상으로 병록지 기록을 통해서 이들의 사회인구학적 특성, 진단적 분류, 입원시 주 증상 및 문제점, 증상의 빈도, 주산기 모 병력과 아동기 발달력, 공존정신 질환 및 신경 심리학적 검사 가족의 임상적 특성, 가족 정신병리 및 가족 병력, 치료반응등에 대하여 조사하였다. 1) 우울증에서 남자의 비율이 여성의 경우보다 높았으며, 조울증 우울삽화에서는 남녀의 비율이 비슷하였다. 2) 평균 발병 연령은 조울증 우울삽화에서 14.1세, 우울중에서 12.8세로 우울증에서 일찍 발병하는 양상을 나타냈으며, 입원 횟수에 있어서는 조울증 우울삽화에서 우울증에 비해서 많았다. 3) 조울증 우울삽화와 우울증 모두에서 식물증상의 호소가 신체증상보다 많았으며, 자살사고 증상은 우울증에서, 공격적인 증상은 조울증 우울삽화에서 많았고, 정신병적 증상에서는 망상은 우울증에서 환각은 조울증 우울삽화에서 많이 나타났다. 4) 두 집단 모두에서 불안장애가 가장 많이 동반되었으며, 신체형 장애, 정신지체, 인격장애 등이 동반되었다. 5) 조울증 우울삽화와 우울증 모두 높은 가족력을 보였고, 특히 우울증은 아동 학대력과 가족의 부적절한 양육과 관련성을 보였다. 성인에서 조울증과 우울증이 분명한 임상적 차이를 갖고있는 것처럼 소아에서도 조울증 우울삽화와 우울증은 발병연령, 신체증상 및 식물증상을 비롯한 임상증상의 차이, 공존질환 등에서 서로 다른 임상 양상을 나타내었다. 중심 단어 : 주요 우울증ㆍ우울 삽화ㆍ임상 특성. The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of depressive episode about major depression and bipolar disorder in child and adolescent. The subjects of this study were 34 major depression patients and 17 bipolar disorder patients hospitalized at child and adolescent psychiatry in ○○ university children's hospital from 1st March 1993 to 31st October 1999. The method of this study is to review socio-demographic characteristics, diagnostic classification, chief problems and symptoms at admission, frequency of symptoms, maternal pregnancy problem history, childhood developmental history, coexisting psychiatric disorders, family psychopathology and family history and therapeutic response through their chart. 1) The ratio of male was higher than that of female in major depressive disorder while they are similar in manic episode, bipolar disorder. 2) Average onset age of bipolar disorder was 14 years 1 month and it was 12 years 8 months in the case of major depression As a result, average onset age of major depression is lower than that of bipolar disorder. 3) The patients complained of vegetative symptoms than somatic symptoms in both bipolar disorder and depressive disorder. Also, the cases of major depression developed more suicide idea symptom while the case of bipolar disorder developed more aggressive symptoms. In the respect of psychotic symptoms, delusion was more frequently shown in major depression, but halucination was more often shown in bipolar disorder. 4) Anxiety disorder coexisted most frequently in two groups. And there coexisted symptoms such as somartoform disorder, mental retardation and personality disorder in both cases. 5) The influence of family loading was remarkable in both cases. Above all, the development of major depression had to do with child abuse history and inappropriate care of family. It is apparent that there are distinctive differences between major depression and bipolar disorder in child and adolescent through the study, just as in adult cases. Therefore the differences of clinical characteristics between two disorders is founded in coexisting disorders and clinical symptoms including onset age, somatic symptoms and vegetative symptoms. KEY WORDS : Major depressive disorderㆍDepressive episodeㆍClinical characteristics.

자각성 이명 환자에서 Ginkgo biloba extracts(Ginexin-F)의 제 3상 임상 효과

임현호,정근,최종욱 釜算慶南耳鼻咽喉科學會 1996 임상이비인후과 Vol.7 No.2

치수절단 후 접착레진 도포에 대한 잔존치수조직 반응에 관한 연구

임성삼,박동성,손호현 大韓齒科保存學會 1997 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.22 No.2

This study was performed to observe the histopathological response to the bonding resin directly applied on the remaining pulp tissuse. 40 teeth from 3 adult dogs were pulpotomized with a sterile round but and sharp excarvater. In the control group, Ca(OH)_2 powder was applied on the pulp tissue and the cavities were sealed with IRM cement. In the experimental group 1, Superbond C&B was applied on the remaining pulp and the cavities conditioned with 10-3 solution were filled with the mixture of the MMA liquid, PMMA powder and Catalyst. Multi-purpose adhesive was used on the remaining pulp tissue in the experimental group 2 and Z-100 was filled in the cavities. In the experimental group 3, Clearfil photobond applied and directly photo=cured on the pulp tissue, then the cavitieswere treated wit CA agent (10% citric acid and 20% CaCl_2 aqueous solution) for 20 seconds, washed and applied with Clearfil photobond then filled with Protect liner. The experimental animals were sacrified at the 1st, 2nd, and 4th week. The specimens were routinely processed and stained with H-E for light microscopic observation. The results were as followed : 1. In the experimental group 1, the number and characteristics of the dentin bridge formation case was similar to those in the control group and less cases were observed in the experimental group 2 and 3 than experimental group 3. The inflammatory response in experimental group 1 was less than that in the control group at 1st week but there had been little difference at between 2nd and 4th week. 2. The number of the dentin bridge in experimental group 2 was less than that in control group and experimental group 1. The inflammatory response of the experimental group 1 was similar to that of experimental group 1 but less than that of the control group. A number of bleeding and vascular congestion were observed. The least inflammatory response was seen in the experimental group 2 among all groups. 3. In the experimental group 3. one case of the dentin bridge formation was observed and that was the same as that in the experimental group 2 but smaller than that of the control and experimental group 1. The inflammatory response of the experimental group 3 was least at the 1st week and most at the 4th week in the all group.

위암에서 근치적 절제술 후 전이 림프절 수가 예후에 미치는 영향

임호영,최진혁,김현수,남동기,김효철 아주대학교 의과학연구소 1998 아주의학 Vol.3 No.1

Gastric cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in Korea, and the most important prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer is the extent of TNM stage. Among TNM staging system, lymph node involvement (N) has been recognized as one of the significant prognostic indicators after curative resection. Recently, nodal stage of new AJCC TNM staging system has changed its emphasis on the location of metastatic lymph nodes to the number of metastatic lymph nodes. Thus, we attempted to analyze the survival difference based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes after curative resection of gastric cancer. Two hundred and forty two patients of curatively resected gastric cancer were retrospectively studied to identify the number of metastatic lymph nodes to influence prognosis. The following results were obtained. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the survival rate between the patients with 0-2 metastatic lymph nodes and those with ≥3 metastatic lymph nodes in adjuvant chemotherapy (FA) group (DFS; 36.7% vs. 23.4%, OS; 38.3% vs. 26.0%). In adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (FA+poly-AU) group, there was a significant difference in the overall survival between the patients with 0∼2 metastatic lymph nodes and those with ≥ 3 metastatic lymph nodes(70.1% vs. 47.4%). The present report demonstrates the prognostic importance of the number of metastatic lymph nodes in gastric cancer after curative resection and a necessity of further evaluation of current nodal stage.

지속가능한 주거환경평가지표에 관한 연구

임만택,김현태,김인호,박영신 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2007 建設技術硏究 Vol.27 No.1

The index of residential environment is an item that can be an axis of evaluation in evaluating residential environment and the level is a spatial measure indicated with a use of the index. This study is to examine the index of sustainable residential environment evaluation index. Sustainability can be classified into three different concepts: economic, environmental, and social. Economic sustainability indicates consideration of stable development of the city and regional economy in the future, environmental sustain ability indicates consideration of physical environment to prevent deterioration of future residential environments and social sustainability indicates consideration of preservation of culture and history in communities. The common question in these is how the people who live and act in each community contribute to their future community.

3-D 동작 분석 장치를 이용한 한국성인(20대, 30대)의 동작 범위에 관한 연구

임현균,김진호,박수찬,류신아,이영신 한국운동역학회 1998 한국운동역학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Devices, such as a goniometer, have been used to measure a human being's active range of motion, but interferences between subjects and testers have affected the result precision. In this study, 56 dynamic motion ranges were measured using a 3-D motion analysis system which is quite accurate (2mm error for 1m). The 3-D motion analysis system consists of VICON 140, data acquisition system, and data analysis program (KRISSMAS). 80 Korean subjects (40 males, 28±6.1 aged and 40 females, 28.4±6.9 aged) participated. Subjects were divided into 4 groups by Ro¨hrer's index based on National Anthropometric Survey of Korea 1997. Basic statistical analysis were performed using SPSS (ver. 8.0) programs after refining data. Various comparisons were performed for the right and left side, male and female, age groups (20's, 30's. and 40's-60's) using previous studies. The results show that female subjects have more flexible joints in the neck, hip, ankle, and wrist, while male subjects have more flexibility in their waist. But most of the significances were not high (>0.05). The prediction that the right side of Korean bodies would be mort flexible was not a good hypothesis. And the joints flexibilities are not correlated with Ro¨hrer's Index.

철강업체와 용접봉 제조업체에 근무하는 생산직 근로자의 직업성 요통 유병률과 관련 요인

임현술,김수근,김덕수,김두희,이종민,김양호 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.1

A cross-sectional study was conducted for detecting the risk factors and to propose an effective control program for occupational low back pain. The subjects were 1,665 male production workers employed at a steel factory and a welding material manufacturing factory. The data were collected by a self-reported questionnaire and a medical examination with a rehabilitation specialist for ten days in September, 1997. The contents of the questionnaire were as follows: general characteristics, physical characteristics, employment status, type of work, working environment and the experience of low back pain. The number of cases with symptoms of occupational low back pain were 321, so the point prevalence was 19.3 persons/100 persons. The number of cases with a history of occupational low back pain for one year were 554, so the one year period prevalence was 33.3 persons/100 persons. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain showed no significant differences in age, marital status, educational level and body mass index. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain showed no significant differences in alcohol drinking, smoking, stretching exercise and regular exercise. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain were significantly higher in the unsatisfied group that the satisfied group (p<0.01). However, no significant differences were found among tenures and shift work. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain were significantly higher in the lifting of heavy materials group than the nonlifting group(p<0.01). However, no significant differences were found among posture of the waist and the working posture. Through the multivariate logistic regression, significantly associated factors with occupational low back pain were found to be dissatisfaction with job (point prevalence: OR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.21-2.61: one year prevalence : OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.26-2.47), lifting of heavy materials(point prevalence OR=1.94 95% CI : 1.44-2.61; one year prevalence: OR=2.17, 95% CI : 1.70-2.77) and tenure (point prevalence : OR=1.03, 95% CI : 1.01-1.06; one year prevalence : OR=1.02, 95% CI : 1.00-1.05).

리스페리돈과 올란자핀이 투여된 정신과 환자들에서 간 효소 변화에 대한 후?적 연구

임현국,배치운,박석준,김정진,이창욱,이수정,이철,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.3

Traction Drive 접촉에서 전달력 및 동력소실 해석

임경호,김현강 한국항공대학교 1994 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

Traction force and power loss in a tractio ndrive contact have been calculated from Tevaawerk and Johnson traction model and compared with experimental results. The elastic deformation of roller, contact pressure, termperature of traction fluid, slip, and pin at the traction drive contact were considered to develop the methodology and computer program to evaluate traction force and power loss at traction drive contact.

알코올사용장애의 유형별 특징

임명호,백기청,이경규,홍성도,김현우,이민규 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.5

대체적으로 알코올성 장애는 이질적인 집단으로 이해되어지고 있으며, 이는 알코올성 장애의 예후와 치료가 유형에 따라 다르다고 보기 때문이다. 이러한 알코올성 장애는 음주 형태, 의존유형, 유전적 취약성(genetic vulnerability), 성격유형, 정신병리적 측면에 따라 여러 유형으로 나눌 수 있다. 본 논문은 Babor등(1992)이 분류한 A형, B형의 아형분류가 우리나라에서도 이용가능한 지를 알아보는 예비적 조사논문으로써 알코올리즘의 진단 및 이해를 기하고자 하였다. 만 18세 이상부터 만 65세 이하의 알코올중독 남자 환자 94명을 대상으로 15개의 변인에 따라 군집분석을 시행하였으며, A형과 B형의 두 아형군 및 정상대조군과의 인구학적 특성, 임상양태의 차이를 비교하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) A형, B형, 그리고 정상대조군간의 연령, 학력, 결혼상태, 종교 등의 인구학적 특성의 차이는 없었다. 2) B형은 음주시작연령, 과다한 음주를 시작한 연령, 문제를 일으킨 연령에서 A형에 비해 세 항목 모두에서 일찍 발현하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 B형에서 A형보다 의존 정도가 더 심하며, 평균음주량 및 가장 많이 과음한 양에 있어서도 A형보다 많이 마시는 것으로 나타났다. 3) A형보다 B형에서 좀 더 1차가족 중에 알코올로 인한 문제가 있는 사람이 많이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 4) B형은 A형보다 소아청소년기에 있어서 좀 더 많은 행동문제가 있음을 나타냈다. 5) 내과적 합병증, 신체생리적 후유증 및 사회적 후유증 및 생활사 후유증 또한 B형에서 좀 더 심한 분포를 보이고 있었다. 6) 정신병리요소에서 B형은 우울, 불안, 적대감에 있어서 A형보다 모두 유의하게 심한 증상을 보였다. 7) A형, B형, 정상대조군의 세 군간에서 모두 유의한 차이를 보이는 신뢰성있는 척도는 음주일수, 의존정도척도, 생활사정도 척도, 내과적 합병증, 사회적 후유증등이었다. 8) 음주 사용척도는 두 아형군과 정상대조군을 구분하는데 매우 신뢰성이 있는 척도로 나타났다. 상기의 결과를 종합해보면, 알코올사용장애에 대하여 Babor등(1992)이 분류한 A형, B형의 아형분류는 우리나라에서도 비슷한 양상을 보였으며, 이의 적용은 향후 알코올사용장애의 진단 및 이해에 이용가능할 것으로 평가한다. Objective : Multiple typologies of alcoholics have been studied, such as Jellineck's disease concept classification, Cloninger's neurobiological learning model, Zucker's developmental model, DSM Ⅲ-R and DSM Ⅳ classification, and Babor's multidimensional typology. To study if Babor's typology modification could be used to classify Korean alcoholics, we grouped 95 male inpatient alcoholics into Babor's typology modification. Methods : This study employed cluster analysis of measures representing several dimensions : premorbid risk and vulnerability dependence severity and alcohol-related problems, chronicity and alcohol-related consequences, and comorbid psychopathology. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics among Babor's type A and type B alcoholics and normal control group. Results : Type B alcoholics showed more characteristic symptoms in family history, more childhood behavior problems, earlier onset, more drinking amount, and more dependence severity, more medical, social, physical problems, more life time severity, more depressive, anxiety, hostility, compared with type A alcoholics. The statistically significant variables differentiating three groups(type A, type B, normal control group) were drinking days, dependence severity, lifetime severity, medical, social consequence. Alcohol Use Inventory to Babor's typology of alcoholism was very useful scale differentiating three groups. Conclusion : Babor's typology of alcoholism was useful for classification of inpatient alcoholics of Korea. It can be helpful and applicable to clinical diagnosis and research in Korean alcoholic patients.