Full-length genomic analysis of porcine G9P[23] and G9P[7] rotavirus strains isolated from pigs with diarrhea in South Korea

Kim, H.H.,Matthijnssens, J.,Kim, H.J.,Kwon, H.J.,Park, J.G.,Son, K.Y.,Ryu, E.H.,Kim, D.S.,Lee, W.S.,Kang, M.I.,Yang, D.K.,Hyun, B.H.,Park, S.I.,Park, S.J.,Cho, K.O. Elsevier Science 2012 INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION Vol.12 No.7

Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are agents causing severe gastroenteritis in infants and young animals. G9 RVA strains are believed to have originated from pigs. However, this genotype has emerged as the fifth major human RVA genotype worldwide. To better understand the relationship between human and porcine RVA strains, complete RVA genome data are needed. For human RVA strains, the number of complete genome data have grown exponentially. However, there is still a lack of complete genome data on porcine RVA strains. Recently, G9 RVA strains have been identified as the third most important genotype in diarrheic pigs in South Korea in combinations with P[7] and P[23]. This study is the first report on complete genome analyses of 1 G9P[7] and 3 G9P[23] porcine RVA strains, resulting in the following genotype constellation: G9-P[7]/P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. By comparisons of these genotype constellations, it was revealed that the Korean G9P[7] and G9P[23] RVA strains possessed a typical porcine RVA backbone, similar to other known porcine RVA strains. However, detailed phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of intra-genotype reassortments among porcine RVA strains in South Korea. Thus, our data provide genetic information of G9 RVA strains increasingly detected in both humans and pigs, and will help to establish the role of pigs as a source or reservoir for novel human RVA strains.

추간판내 유전자 치료 : 퇴행성 질환에 있어 치료의 의의 Therapeutic Implication in Degenerative Disc Disease

문성환,박문수,강용호,김형중,이환모,김남현,Gillbertson, Lars G.,Kang, James D. 대한척추외과학회 2000 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.7 No.4

연구계획 : 인간의 추간판 세포와 가토의 추간판 조직을 이용하여 시험관내 및 생체내 실험적 연구를 시행하였다. 목 적 : 3차원적으로 배양된 인간의 추간판 세포와 생체내의 가토의 추간판에 치료적 유전자를 전달하고 기질 생성 효과가 있는지를 알아보는 것이다. 대상 및 방법 : 12례의 추간판 술실에서 채취된 추간판 조직에서 세포를 유리하고 이를 3차원적으로 배양한 후 Ad/TGF-β1으로 감염시켰다. 15마리의 가토를 사용하여 전방 도달법으로 추간판을 노출시키고 Ad/TGF-β을 주입한 다음 6주 후 희생시켰다. 배양약의 1Ad/TGF-β1농도는 ELISA법으로 측정하였고 새로이 생성된 당단백은 35S-sulfate을 이용한 Sephadex G-25PD-10 column chromatography 법으로 측정하였다. 결과 : Ad/TGF-β1로 감염된 인간의 추간판 세포에서 TGF-β1생성은 증가하였고 Ad/TGF-β1로 감염된 가토의 추간판 조직은 대조군에 비해 200%의 TGF-β1생성 증가가 있었다. Ad/TGF-β1로 감염된 인간의 추간판 세포에서 290%의 당단백 생성 증가가 있었고(p<0.05) Ad/TGF-β1로 감염된 가토의 추간판 조직은 대조군에 비해 85%의 당단백 생성 증가가 있었다(p<0.05). 결론 : 시험관 및 생체내 실험에서 유전자 전달군은 대조군에 비해 의의 있는 당단백 생성 증가가 있었는데 이는 아데노바이러스를 이용한 추간판내 유저자 전달법이 추간판 퇴행의 치료와 예방에 적용 가능한 접근법임을 시사한다. Study Design : In vitro and in vivo studies to determine the anabolic effects of entervertebral desc (IVD) to adenovirus-mediated therapeutic gene transfer. Objectives : To quantify the anabolic effect of human IVD cells in vitro and rabbit IVD in vivo to therapeutic gene transfer. Sumary of Literature Review : An alternative possibility to delivery of growth factors, in continuous manner, is the genetic modification of disc cells through gene transfer. Contemplating to extend this approach to treatment of disc degeneration, it is neccessary to demonstrate anabolic effect of human IVD cells and rabbit disc to therapeutic gene transfer. Materials and Methods : In vitro:IVD tissue was obtained from twelve patients. IVD cells were then isolated, cultured, and transduced with Ad/TGF-β1. Genetically modified disc cells were incorporated into alginate beads and cultured. In vivo:Fifteen skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbit were used. 15ul of saline containing Ad/TGF-β1 were injected into the nucleus pulposus of the disc in six rabbits. All rabbits were sacrificed 6 weeks after surgery. Nucleus pulposus tissues were harvested, weighted, and cultured. Conditioned medium of alginate bead and rabbit disc tissue cultures were subjected to ELISA to detect TGF-β1 production. Newly synthesized proteoglycan were analyzed using chromatography on Sephadex G-25 in PD-10 columns after S35-sulfatged incorporation. Results : Concentration of TGF-β1 increased over time in alginate beads cultures transduced with Ad/TGF-β1. At 6 weeks nucleus pulposus tissue from the disc injected with Ad/TGF-β1 exhibited 200%(p<0.05) increase in TGF-β1 production. There was statistically significant 290% increase in newly synthesizd\ed proteoglycan in alginate cultures transduced with Ad/TGF-β1 (p<0.05) compared to control. At 6 weeks nucleus pulposus tissue from the disc injected with Ad/TGF-β1 exhibited 85% increase in proteoglyan synthesis (p<0.05) over that of intact control. Conclusion : In this study, we observed the robust upregulation of proteoglycan synthesis in gene transferred disc cells in vitro and in vivo-indicating good prospects for biologic effects of therapeutic gene therapy in the disc using adenovirus-mediated approach.

Formation and magnetic properties of InFeP:Ag nanorods fabricated with noble metal Ag using an ion milling method

Sohn, Jae Min,Kim, Hyungsang,Im, Hyunsik,Kim, Hyungbae,Lee, Juwon,Shon, Yoon,Subramaniam, N G,Kang, Taewon,Kim, Deuk Young,Koo, Hyun Cheol,Lee, Joo-hyeon,Song, Jing Dong,Park, Chang-Soo,Kim, Eun Kyu IOP 2017 Nanotechnology Vol.28 No.50

<P>The formation, including the density and height of the InFeP:Ag nanorods doped with noble metal Ag using an ion milling method, was preponderantly determined from transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analyses. We investigate, in particular, the enhanced ferromagnetism of the well-aligned InFeP:Ag nanorods. Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were carried out in order to investigate the incorporation of Ag and to verify the local chemical bonding of the InFeP:Ag nanorods. The variation of FWHM for the double-crystal x-ray rocking curve and triple-axis diffraction peaks demonstrates that noble metal Ag is incorporated into the InFeP:Ag nanorods. The noticeable ferromagnetic signature (M-H curve) of the InFeP:Ag nanorods is observed and <I>T</I> <SUB>c</SUB> persists up to almost 350 K (3.9?×?10<SUP>−4</SUP> emu g<SUP>−1</SUP>), as determined by temperature-dependence magnetization (M-T curve) measurements. This study suggests that the InFeP:Ag nanorods should be a potential candidate for the application of spintronic devices.</P>

Methyl 5-Chloro-4,5-didehydrojasmonate (J7) Inhibits Macrophage-Derived Chemokine Production via Down-Regulation of the Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 1 Pathway in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes

Kang, G.-J.,Dang, H.-T.,Han, S.-C.,Kang, N.-J.,Koo, D.-H.,Koh, Y.S.,Hyun, J.W.,Kang, H.-K.,Jung, J.H.,Yoo, E.-S. PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013 Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.61 No.10

Effects of dihydrotestosterone on rat dermal papilla cells in vitro

Kang, J.I.,Kim, S.C.,Kim, M.K.,Boo, H.J.,Kim, E.J.,Im, G.J.,Kim, Y.H.,Hyun, J.W.,Kang, J.H.,Koh, Y.S.,Park, D.B.,Yoo, E.S.,Kang, H.K. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 european journal of pharmacology Vol.757 No.-

Androgenetic alopecia involves the action of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on dermal papilla cells (DPCs) that line the base of the hair follicle. However, the mechanism of DHT action is not completely understood. The effects of DHT on DPCs, regulatory cells that function in follicle growth and the hair cycle, were examined in immortalized cells derived from rat vibrissa follicles. DHT did not affect the proliferation of immortalized DPCs. However, flow cytometry analysis revealed that DHT increased cell-cycle arrest in these cells, which was accompanied by an increase in the p27<SUP>kip1</SUP> level and by decreases in cyclin E, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 levels. DHT treatment resulted in the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2/3, a mediator of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, which leads to the catagen phase of the hair cycle. DHT also induced the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). Moreover, DHT decreased the levels of total and nuclear β-catenin, an important regulator of hair growth and proliferation, while lithium chloride, a glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor, attenuated the DHT-induced downregulation of the β-catenin level. On the other hand, DHT increased the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a regulator of proliferation, in immortalized DPCs. These results illustrate that DHT could shorten the duration of the hair growth cycle by initiating cell-cycle arrest, downregulating the β-catenin level, and upregulating the TGF-β/Smad and HSP27 level, whereas activation of mTOR by DHT could attenuate the inhibition of hair growth cycle in immortalized DPCs.

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases : Bronchial Arterial Embolization Using Micoroferet Cathter and Ivalon in Hemoptysis

( Dae Hyun Hwang ),( H. S. Park ),( E. S. Lee ),( I. W. Kang ),( D. G. Kim ),( E. G. Mo ),( M. J. Park ),( L. G. Hyun ),( G. S. Jung ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1998 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.87 No.-

트랙터 부착형 작업기의 탈부착 보조장치 개발

김진구 ( J. G. Kim ),김형곤 ( H. G. Kim ),전현종 ( H. J. Jun ),유승화 ( S. H. Yu ),김영근 ( Y. K. Kim ),강태경 ( T. G. Kang ),최일수 ( I. S. Choi ),이상희 ( S. H. Lee ),현창식 ( C. S. Hyun ),최용 ( Y. Choi ) 한국농업기계학회 2017 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.2

트랙터에 작업기를 연결하는 방식으로 3점히치연결방식이 일반적으로 사용되고 있다. 이 3점히치는 구조가 간단하고 농작업시 무게 배분 측면에서 효율적이지만 트랙터에 작업기를 부착하는 작업이 용이하지 않다는 단점이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 본 연구에서 트랙터에 작업기를 쉽게 부착시킬수 있도록 도와주는 보조장치를 제작하여 실험하였다. 보조장치는 두가지 방식으로 설계·제작하였다. 첫번째는 먼저 작업기를 적재할 수 있는 바퀴가 부착된 이동식 적재대를 제작하여 작업기를 올려놓은 상태에서 윈치를 이용하여 작업기를 트랙터 부착위치로 견인하는 방식의 보조장치를 설계하였다. 이 윈치견인방식 보조장치를 제작하여 트랙터와 작업기를 부착하는 실험을 하였고 실험은 견인저항이 작은 시멘트 바닥과 견인저항이 큰 흙바닥 2개소에서 실시하였다. 실험 결과 시멘트 바닥에서는 견인저항이 작아 윈치를 동작시킬 때 작업기가 너무 쉽게 움직여 작업기 링크를 원하는 위치로 이동시키기가 매우 어려웠다. 흙바닥에서는 윈치를 이용하여 작업기를 원하는 위치로 끌어당겨 트랙터와 결합시킬 수 있었으나 이또한 작업기에 와이어를 고정시키고 윈치를 조작하여야 하는 점에서 작업량이 증가되고 윈치 장비의 비용 대비 편의성 면에서 효율적이지 않다고 판단되었다. 두 번째 보조장치는 작업기의 연결위치에 트랙터 하부링크를 인도할 수 있는 가이드판을 설치하고 트랙터를 후진하여 트랙터와 작업기를 결합시키는 방식으로 설계하였다. 이 가이드판방식 보조장치는 가이드판의 벌어진 각도를 30°, 40°, 45°, 60° 네가지 형태로 제작하여 시멘트 바닥과 흙바닥 2개소에서 실험하였다. 가이드판이 설치된 작업기에 트랙터의 진입각도를 달리하여 작업기를 결합시키는 실험을 반복하여 최적의 가이드판 각도를 설정하고 기존 방식과 비교하여 트랙터와 작업기의 연결 용이성을 조사하였다.

2조식 고추 정식기 정식 매커니즘 개발

강태경 ( T. G. Kang ),이상희 ( S. H. Lee ),최용 ( Y. Choi ),김진구 ( J. G. Kim ),현창식 ( C. S. Hyun ),안세웅 ( S. W. An ),김태형 ( T. H. Kim1 ) 한국농업기계학회 2020 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.25 No.1

고추는 국내 양념채소의 22%의 점유율을 가지고 있는 매우 중요한 작물이다. 하지만 고추의 재배면적은 2006년 53,097ha에서 2017년 28,337ha로 약 40% 감소하였으며, 이와 더불어 생산량 또한 2006년 352,977톤에서 2017년 241,946톤으로 30%이상 감소하였다, 이러한 현상의 문제점으로는 국내 농촌 노동력의 부족과 고령화현상이 있다. 또한 밭작물 중 고추의 기계화율은 46%로 타 작물들에 비해 현저하게 떨어지는 상황이다. 그 중 경운 및 정지(97.7%), 비닐 피복작업(58.5%), 방제(90.96%)를 제외하면 거의 기계화가 이뤄지지 않은 실정이며 파종 및 정식작업은 0%로 전혀 기계화가 진행되지 않았다. 고추 작물에 대한 기계화 요구는 높지만 농가의 재배 규모 또한 0.3ha이하가 92%를 차지하고 있어 임대사업에 포함이 가능한 고추 정식기 개발이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 묘 취출, 이송, 공급, 정식, 복토가 동시에 작업이 가능한 2조식 고추 정식기를 설계 및 제작하고 이에 대한 작동 실험을 진행하였다. 고추 정식기의 각 부는 체인 이송방식으로 제작한 육묘 트레이 이송부, 집게형 묘 취출 장치를 사용한 묘 취출부, 공급호퍼에서 1차로 묘를 받아서 수평으로 밀어주는 묘 이송부, 이송부에서 전달된 묘를 마지막으로 포장에 정식하는 식부부로 이루어져 있다. 각 부분에 대한 작동 실험 결과 육묘 트레이 이송부는 기체 주변의 간섭 없이 원활하게 작동되었으며, 묘 취출부에서도 1열에 5개씩을 정확하게 취출하여 이송부에 공급하였다. 하지만 묘 이송부 작동 실험과 식부부 실험에서는 횡 이송 호퍼 사이에 이탈된 묘가 끼는 현상이 발생하여 보완 제작 후 추가 실험을 진행할 예정이다.

“Hidden” Warning Coloration: Predators Learn to aVoid Distasteful Prey with Hidden Conspicuous Display

Chang Ku Kang,Hyun Joon Cho,Sang im Lee,Piotr G. Jablonski 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04

Defended (distasteful or toxic) prey are often characterized by conspicuous coloration and this phenomenon is called "aposematism". The main advantage of aposematism is that it promotes faster learning by predators to avoid the prey. Some defended prey species use a different strategy; they remain cryptic in the normal state, but display conspicuous aposematic signal (which is normally hidden) in response to a predator's approach/attack. This anti-predator strategy of a defended prey has not been well studied yet although it can theoretically give the benefits of both camouflage and aposematism. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of this ‘hidden-aposematic signal’ as a warning signal. Using wild tits (Parus minor) as predator and novel artificial prey models (which mimics wings of insects), we tested whether hidden conspicuous signal of a defended prey enhances the avoidance learning rate of predators and how does it compare with the typical conspicuous/non-conspicuous signal. We found that hidden conspicuous signal indeed enhances the avoidance learning rate of predators in comparison with the non-conspicuous signal. However the overall learning rate by predators to avoid the defended prey was slower than for the normal conspicuous signal. Our results suggest that the prey with hidden-aposematic signals could enjoy both the benefits camouflage and the benefits of aposematism that are however lower than benefits from a typical aposematic signal. We, for the first time, highlight the functional aspect of a unique, but yet largely ignored, defensive coloration of prey.

Hypertension, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system-blocking agents, and COVID-19

Kang Si-Hyuck,이동훈,Han Kyung-do,Jung Jin-Hyung,Park Sang-Hyun,Dai Andrew M.,Wei Henry G.,Yoon Chang-Hwan,연태진,채인호,김철호 대한고혈압학회 2021 Clinical Hypertension Vol.27 No.3

Background: There have been concerns regarding the safety of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS)- blocking agents including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study sought to evaluate the impact of hypertension and the use of ACEI/ARB on clinical severity in patients with COVID-19. Methods: A total of 3,788 patients aged 30 years or older who were confirmed with COVID-19 with real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were identified from a claims-based cohort in Korea. The primary study outcome was severe clinical events, a composite of intensive care unit admission, need for ventilator care, and death. Results: Patients with hypertension (n = 1,190, 31.4 %) were older and had higher prevalence of comorbidities than those without hypertension. The risk of the primary study outcome was significantly higher in the hypertension group, even after multivariable adjustment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.67; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 2.69). Among 1,044 patients with hypertensive medical treatment, 782 (74.9 %) were on ACEI or ARB. The ACEI/ARB subgroup had a lower risk of severe clinical outcomes compared to the no ACEI/ARB group, but this did not remain significant after multivariable adjustment (aOR, 0.68; 95 % CI, 0.41 to 1.15). Conclusions: Patients with hypertension had worse COVID-19 outcomes than those without hypertension, while the use of RAAS-blocking agents was not associated with increased risk of any adverse study outcomes. The use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs did not increase the risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes, supporting current guidance to continue these medications when indicated.