기후변화와 키메라현상에 대한 계층 간의 관계인식

백정애(Jungae Baik),김인경(In Kyoung Kim),김진영(Jin Yung Kim),노용환(Yong Hwan Noh),배선영(Sunyoung Bae),우명원(Myoung Won Woo),장혁기(Hyukki Chang),조성돈(Sung Don Cho),장매희(Maehee Chiang) 인간식물환경학회 2011 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.14 No.3

This study was investigated to research the basis of interdisciplinary fusion through the survey on the basis of the answers of professionals and general public, gender, humanities, science and engineering about the question of climate change and chimera which is one of the various phenomena that affect the human life. All respondents’ perceptions of climate change was high and natural disasters was showed the most destruction according to climate change. The answer of awareness of climate change and the damage, chimerism was significant differences between age groups sex, specialized domain-specific individuals. In addition, a group of respondents for science and engineering professionals was higher for awareness of climate change and the chimerism and heir negative opinion for chimerism was relatively low in comparison of other research groups.

Effects of Acute High-Intensity Resistance Exercise on Cognitive Function and Oxygenation in Prefrontal Cortex

( Hyukki Chang ),( Kyungae Kim ),( Yu-jin Jung ),( Morimasa Kato ) 한국운동영양학회 2017 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.21 No.2

[Purpose] Moderate-intensity exercise is known to be the best effective intensity to enhance cognitive function, including memory and learning. However, the effects of high-intensity exercise in comparison with moderate- intensity exercise on cognitive function remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity resistance exercise on cognitive function. [Methods] Thirty-six healthy female college students volunteered to participate in this study. The participants were divided into four groups: (i) control group (CON); (ii) high-intensity resistance exercise group (HIR); (iii) high-intensity aerobic exercise group (HIA); and (iv) combined moderate-intensity exercise group (MIC). Immediately prior to and after exercise, the solved number (SN) and reaction times (RT) in the Stroop test (neutral task, NT and incongruent task, IT), as well as the tissue oxygen index (TOI) in the left and right prefrontal cortex (PFC) were measured in all groups. [Results] In the NT, both HIR and MIC groups showed significant improvements in SN and RT compared with the CON group. Meanwhile, performance in the HIA group was significantly attenuated compared with that in the MIC group. In the IT, only the MIC group showed a significant increase in SN and RT compared with the CON group. Furthermore, the TOI in the PFC (left PFC in the NT, and bilaterally in the IT) was significantly lower in the HIR group compared with that in the CON group. [Conclusion] The results of this study show worse cognitive performance and decreased PFC oxygenation in high-intensity exercise compared with moderate-intensity exercise and controls. These results suggest that high-intensity exercise may not improve cognition as effectively as moderate-intensity exercise.

학생 건강증진을 위한 학교 정책 : 일본의 초·중 고교 체육 정책을 중심으로

장혁기(Chang, Hyukki),김범수(Kim, Bum-Soo) 성신여자대학교 교육문제연구소 2012 교육연구 Vol.53 No.-

본 연구는 건강증진을 위한 올바른 학교 정책을 펼치기 위하여 일본의 과거와 현황을 분석함으로서 우리나라의 체육 정책에 참고하고자 한다. 일본의 학교체육은 전 국민의 건강증진을 위하여 국가의 정책으로 만들어지게 되었다. 일본은 전 세계의 최장수 국가로서 고령자들의 비율이 높기 때문에 전 국민의 건강 대책에서 체력에 중점적으로 관심을 갖게 되었다 초·중학생 시절 학교에서 실시한 운동은 고등학교와 성인으로 이어지면서 지속적인 운동 습관을 갖도록 하여 주고 이는 평생동안 운동과 스포츠 활동을 즐김으로서 개인의 건강증진에 이바지 할 수 있기 때문에 국민의 건강을 위한 대책으로 학교체육의 올바른 실시와 정책적 지원은 아주 중요한 교육정책 중 하나라고 할 수 있다. 이를 위하여 일본 정부는 정책적으로 각 학교가 방과 후 운동부 활동을 활성화시킬 수 있도록 지원하여 학생들이 운동에 대한 관심을 갖도록 유도하였다. 그 방법 중 학생들이 아마추어 선수로서 교내뿐 아니라 교외에 열리는 대회에 참가하도록 장려하여 타지역의 학생들과 교류를 할 수 있도록 장을 열어주고 일생동안 건강증진을 위한 스포츠 활동에 참여할 수 있는 기회를 확대하여 주었다. 또한, 학교 체육 수업단위를 보장하는 체육수업 기준과 개정을 통하여 모든 학생들이 체육활동을 자연스럽게 접하게 하고 국민적 건강증진을 기대할 수 있는 정책을 세워 진행하고 있다. 우리나라 역시 일본처럼 고령화되어가는 사회에 발맞추어 국민건강을 위한 학교체육정책이 법적으로 보장받아야 할 것이다. This study is to consider Korea's school policies for health promotion by analyzing the status of Japan's past. Physical education of school in Japan came to be created for improve the health by policy. Because of the longest serving senior citizens in Japan, it became interested in fitness as a nation in public health. The exercise in elementary and middle school continues with the ongoing exercise and it can have a Lifelong habit of exercise and enjoyment of sports activities as an individual can contribute to health promotion. Therefore, the correct implementation of the school physical education and policy support is one of the most important education policy. The Japanese government induced after-school sports activities by helping to enable the students to have an interest in exercise. On-campus students as well as amateur players in the suburbs are encouraged to participate in tournaments. And then, exchanges with students from other regions opens up to allow for the promotion of health and life-long opportunity to participate in sports activities give expanded. In addition, the physical education classes of school to ensure that the unit of physical education classes for all students through standards and revised physical activity and public health promotion can expect a established policies progress.

학급 집단 음악줄넘기 프로그램이 비만 아동의 신체구성, 체력, 혈중지질에 미치는 영향

장혁기(Chang, Hyukki),김성기(Kim, Sung Ki),서동일(Seo, Dong Il) 한국보건간호학회 2011 韓國保健看護學會誌 Vol.25 No.1

Purpose: The study investigated the effects of 9 weeks of group music rope-jumping training on health-related physical fitness and blood lipid in obese elementary school boys and girls. Method: Subjects were randomly assigned to either a training group (37 boys and 18 girls) or control group (36 boys and 19 girls). The training group exercised for 1 hour, 2 days per week during the 9-week supervised music rope-jumping training program. The control group was asked to maintain their normal daily physical activities. The effects of the interventions on physical fitness and blood lipids were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA (group × time). Results: There were significant group x time interaction effects on body weight (p<.023), %body fat (p=.09), body mass index (p=.018), and body fat mass (p=.019) in school girls. However, there was not an interaction effect on serum lipids in both genders. Conclusion: The 9-week music rope-jumping training program used was effective for improving body composition in obese elementary school girls.

Arc/Arg3.1 protein expression in dorsal hippocampal CA1, a candidate event as a biomarker for the effects of exercise on chronic stress-evoked behavioral abnormalities

( Yea-hyun Leem ),( Hyukki Chang ) 한국운동영양학회 2017 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.21 No.4

[Purpose] Chronic stress is a risk factor for behavioral deficits, including impaired memory processing and depression. Exercise is well known to have beneficial impacts on brain health. [Methods] Mice were forced to treadmill running (4-week) during chronic restraint stress (6h/21d), and then behavioral tests were conducted by Novel object recognition, forced swimming test: FST, sociality test: SI. Dissected brain was stained with anti-calbindin-d28k and anti-Arc antibodies. Also, mice were treated with CX546 intraperitoneally during chronic restraint stress, and behavioral tests were assessed using Morris water maze, FST, and SI. Dissected brain was stained with anti-Arc antibody. [Results] The current study demonstrated that chronic stress-induced impairment of memory consolidation and depression-like behaviors, along with the changes in calbindin-d28k and Arc protein levels in the hippocampal CA1 area, were attenuated by regular treadmill running. Further, prolonged ampakine treatment prevented chronic stress-evoked behavioral abnormalities and nuclear Arc levels in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Nuclear localization of Arc protein in hippocampal CA1 neurons, but not total levels, was correlated with behavioral outcome in chronically stressed mice in response to a regular exercise regimen. [Conclusion] These results suggest that nuclear levels of Arc are strongly associated with behavioral changes, and highlight the role of exercise acting through an α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor (AMPAR)-mediated mechanisms in a chronic stress-induced maladaptive condition.

학령기 비만이 체력 및 혈중지질 수준에 미치는 영향

장혁기 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2014 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.26 No.-

The ameliorating effect of exercise on long-term memory impairment and dendritic retraction via the mild activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in chronically stressed hippocampal CA1 neurons

( Yea-hyun Leem ),( Hyukki Chang ) 한국운동영양학회 2018 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.22 No.3

[Purpose] Chronic stress affects the neuronal architecture of hippocampal subfields including the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) region, which governs long-term memory. Exercise exerts a beneficial effect on memory improvement via hippocampal AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. However, the relationship between the two phenomena is poorly understood. This study used animal and cell culture experimental systems to investigate whether chronic stress-induced impairment of memory consolidation and maladaptation of the neuronal architecture in the hippocampal CA1 area is prevented by regular exercise through AMPK activation. [Methods] Mice underwent four weeks of treadmill running with or without a 6h/21d-restraint stress regimen, along with treatment with Compound C. Memory consolidation was assessed using the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Dendritic rearrangement of hippocampal CA1 neurons was evaluated using the Golgi-Cox stain and Sholl analysis. Additionally, the primary hippocampal culture system was adopted for in vitro experiments. [Results] Chronic stress-induced failure of memory retention and reduction in AMPK activation were ameliorated by the exercise regimen. Chronic stress- or repeated corticosterone (CORT)- provoked malformation of the neuronal architecture was also suppressed by both exercise and treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR). [Conclusion] Chronic stress causes dendritic retraction among dorsal hippocampal CA1 neurons via the downregulation of AMPK activation, thereby leading to failure of memory retention. In contrast, regular exercise protects against chronic stress-evoked defects in memory consolidation and changes in neuronal morphology in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 area via mild activation of AMPK.

운동에 의한 뇌 활성과 인지기능에 대한 고찰

김경애,정유진,안나리,장혁기 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2013 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.25 No.-

We reviewed literatures on human brain activity on exercise. It was proved that exercise activate brain function through various equipments. Among methods to evaluate brain activation, there are Electroencephalography (EEG), Magnetoencephalography (MEG), transcranial doppler sonography (TCD), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) methods. There were different characteries in each measurement methods to demonstrate exercise effects. NIRS is a spectroscopic method that uses the near infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. According to using brain scanning equipments involved NIRS, moderate exercise increased frontal lobe (specially prefrontal cortex) and improves cognitive performance. This review will be discussed about brain activation and cognitive functions.

Effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation and exercise on depression-like behaviors and raphe 5-HT neurons in mice

( Nari Ahn ),( Yea Hyun Leem ),( Morimasa Kato ),( Hyukki Chang ) 한국운동영양학회 2016 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.20 No.3

[Purpose] The effects of creatine and exercise on chronic stress-induced depression are unclear. In the present study, we identified the effects of 4-week supplementation of creatine monohydrate and/or exercise on antidepressant behavior and raphe 5-HT expression in a chronic mild stress-induced depressed mouse model. [Methods] Seven-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (n=48) were divided randomly into 5 groups: (1) non-stress control (CON, n=10), (2) stress control (ST-CON, n=10), (3) stress and creatine intake (ST-Cr, n=10), (4) stress and exercise (ST-Ex, n=9), and (5) combined stress, exercise, and creatine intake (STCr+ Ex, n=9). After five weeks’ treatment, we investigated using both anti-behavior tests (the Tail Suspension Test (TST) and the Forced Swimming Test (FST)), and 5-HT expression in the raphe nuclei (the dorsal raphe (DR) and median raphe (MnR)). [Results] Stress for 4 weeks significantly increased depressive behaviors in the mice. Treatment with creatine supplementation combined with exercise significantly decreased depressive behaviors as compared with the CON-ST group in both the TST and FST tests. With stress, 5-HT expression in the raphe nuclei decreased significantly. With combined creatine and exercise, 5-HT positive cells increased significantly and had a synergic effect on both DR and MnR. [Conclusion] The present study found that even a single treatment of creatine or exercise has partial effects as an antidepressant inmice with chronic mild stress-induced depression. Furthermore, combined creatine and exercise has synergic effects and is a more effective prescription than a single treatment.

Regular exercise and creatine supplementation prevent chronic mild stress-induced decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis via Wnt/ GSK3β/β-catenin pathway

( Yea-hyun Leem ),( Morimasa Kato ),( Hyukki Chang ) 한국운동영양학회 2018 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.22 No.2

[Purpose] Chronic stress can lead to mood-related psychomotor behaviors such as despair. Decreased hippocampal neurogenesis has been observed in patients with depression and in animal models of depression. Exercise enhances the population of the new born cells in the dentate gyrus (DG). A few studies have demonstrated that creatine has antidepressant effects in humans. However, the mechanism underpinning these effects is poorly understood. Therefore, we examined whether regular exercise and/or creatine was closely associated with the activity of the Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway in the hippocampal DG. [Methods] Mice were subjected to 4 weeks of chronic mild stress starting a week prior to the start of a 4-week protocol of treadmill running and creatine supplementation. Tail suspension (TST) and forced swimming tests (FST) were carried out 2 days after the final treadmill running session. Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses were conducted to evaluate hippocampal neurogenesis, GSK3β activity, and nuclear β-catenin protein levels in the DG. Furthermore, Wnt signaling antagonism in the DG using stereotaxic injection was performed. [Results] Chronic mild stress-induced increase in immobility in the TST and FST were restored by treadmill running and/or creatine supplementation. The number of Ki-67+ and doublecortin (DCX)+ cells were decreased by chronic stress, and this decline was reversed by the exercise and supplement regimen, along with the changes in GSK3β activity and nuclear β-catenin protein levels in the DG. Local antagonism of DG Wnt signaling caused an increase in immobility even 5 days after injection with C59. [Conclusion] Regular exercise combined with creatine supplementation had a greater effect on hippocampal neurogenesis via the Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway activation compared with each treatment in chronic mild stress-induced behavioral depression.