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TGA 방법을 이용한 플라스틱과 하수·분뇨슬러지의 열분해 반응속도 연구
윤효숙,최성필,김성탁,원양수,신부영 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1997 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.2
요약문 도시 고형폐기물의 열분해 특성에 대한 기초 자료를 제시하고자 열중량분석기를 이용하여 가열속도를 실험변수로 하여 하수 및 분뇨슬러지와 5대 범용 플라스틱인 LDPE, HDPE, PP, PS 와 PVC의 열분해 반응속도인자 및 분해특성을 파악하였다. 활성화에너지는 가열속도에 상관없이 일정한 값을 나타내었으며 분해속도가 최고일때의 온도는 가열속도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. LDPE, HDPE, PP와 PS는 1단계 분해반응으로 350∼520 ℃에서 대부분이 완전분해되었으며, PVC는 2단계 분해반응으로 250∼550 ℃에서 분해가 진행되었다. 슬러지는 여러 단계의 분해반응으로 특정한 분해구간이 없이 전구간에 걸쳐서 분해가 진행되었다. PVC를 제외한 플라스틱은 완전분해되었으며, PVC는 약 10%의 잔류량이 있었고, 슬러지의 잔류량은 D 하수, S 하수, T 분뇨 슬러지의 순으로 43, 70, 28.5%를 나타내었다.Abstract The thermal decomposition of sewage/night soil sludge and LDPE, HDPE, PP, PS and PVC was studied by using a conventional dynamic thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) in a flowing nitrogen environment at several heating rates between 5 ℃ and 40 ℃/min. The dynamic thermogravimetric analysis curve was analyzed to obtain the information on the kinetic parameters such as activation energy, reaction order, and Arrhenius preexponential factor. The activation energy keeps constant regardless of heating rates, and the temperature of he fastest decomposition increases with the heating rate. LDPE, HDPE, PP and PS were completely decomposed in the temperature range of 350∼520 ℃ including as the first step decomposition and PVC was decomposed in the temperature range of 250∼550 ℃ including the second step decomposition. Sludge was decomposed without specific temperature range as several decomposition step. Except of PVC, all plastics were decomposed completely. PVC keeps the remains of about 10%, and sludge keeps the remains of 43% for D sewage sludge, 70% for S sewage sludge, 28.5% for T night soil sludge.
尹孝允 新羅大學校 1979 論文集 Vol.7 No.-
Traditionally the novel is said to have concerned itself with the representatin of real life. And we find literary critics who see the novel as a record of the process from appearance of the would to reality- to a recognition of the actual way of the world. At any rate, the novel seems to ahve an almost fatal relationship with realism. Realism, however, is a term very ambiguous and hard to define. To understand the term as used in literature, an attempt was first made to grasp the meaning to the world, real and reality. The second part of this paper examines realism as used in philosophy. Plato's conceptual realism was compared with philosophical nominalism of the Middle Ages. It was noted how Thomas Aquinas combinde these two opposing views of reality to give a listing influence on the western thoughts. Also, the changing views of reality from the common-sense school to modern linguistic philosophy were discussed with a view to preparing for the understanding of the similar development in the usage of literary realism. The following part traces realism as a literary movement in the 19th century France. It was pointed out, however, that realism as first used in literture was not a distinctive out, however, that realism as first used in literature was not distinctive literary school but a reactionary consciousness against the prevailing tastes of the ruling class in the second empire. Its distinctive features were later supplied by naturalism which was a second generation realism. Naturalism. emphasizing scientific techniques of observation and experiment, collapsed when the optimistic dream of science gave way to skepticism toward the end of the 19th century. The term 'realism' has proved to be such a useful word for the criticism of the novel that it refuses to die with naturalism. The fourth part deals with the idealistic realism in modern literature. The modern usage of the term is explored in connection with Henry James's 'intensity' and James Joyce's internal subjectivism. However, it should be noted that the contemporary realism does not reject exterior reality, which provides the novelist with a kind of springboard. This extended usage embracing both subjectivism and objectivism one risk: depriving the term of its meaning altogether. The realists' claim that they can reproduce real life is technically as well as philosophically impossible. The relationship between reality and the novel should not involve competition; the reality in the novel should not involve competition; the reality in the novel should be acknowledged as being different from the reality in every day life. For the world that the novelist deals with in his novel is the subjunctive conditional-he deals with imaginary events and characters for the sake of leading to a realistic view of human life. It is in this sense that all writers are realists.
새로운 Reality의 追求 : John Barth and the Contemporary American Novel John Barth와 最近의 美國小說
尹孝允 新羅大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.5 No.-
In contemporary American novels we find a tendency toward absurdity, surrealism, parody and silence. Faced with exhaustion of possibilities in their story-telling, the contemporary novelists give up the task of representing realities of the world they live in. Instead they try to create a new order in their writings. Their endeavor to find a new order in their surrealistic novels, in their ultra-realistic novels of non-realistic novels of non-fiction and in their parody novels is understood as a search for a new reality. Part One and Two examines the American society as seen through the eye of contemporary novelists-how they are concerned with the idea of entropy and how they have given up representing realities which they think are continually outdoing their talents. Modern 'traditional' writers are brought into contrast by noting how successfully they were able to transform the sentiment of lost values into a value of are. In Part Three and Four, John Barth's novels, The Floating Opera and The Giles Geas-Boy, and his literary essay, "The Literature of Exhaustion", are analyzed to see how he attempts to create a new reality by employing an intellectual dead end against itself. The French New Novelists are dealt with in this context. The release from the limiting powers of environmnt is dangerous for the novelist in that his novel tends to be a mere linguistic play and he is kept from confident participation in life. However, it seems certain that the contemporary American novelist has renounced the pretense of making his novel a mirror for life and pseudo-realistic documents.
윤효인,박승춘,이관복,김창식 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1994 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-
Naproxen(NPX) was administrered to a throrougbred mare in a single oral does. Plasma and urine samples were collected from 1 hour to 144 hours after administration, at varying intervals. The alkali hydrolysis was used for the seperation of glucuronide from the conjugated naproxen and its metabolite in urine. Naproxen and its metabolite desmethylnaproxen (DesNPX) were extracted at pH 4.0 with DCM/ETHETR/HEXAN(1/1/1, v/v/v) and quantitated by HPLC with diode-array-detector. The wavelength of ultraviolet was 235, 254 and 264 nm. The qulification of NPX and DesNPX was performed by gas-chromatograph-mass spectrometry using DB-1 column. Silylation (BSTFA including 1% TMCS) before the analysis of the extracted residue with GC/MSD was carried out for the detection of this drug and its metabolite. The characteristic ions (m/e) of trimethyl Silyated NPX and DesNPX were 73, 185, 302 and 73, 243, 360, respectively.
尹孝允 弘益大學校 1991 弘大論叢 Vol.23 No.1
Nabokov's novels tend to draw the reader's attention to their status as artefact self-consciously and systematically. The language in them are foregrounded- that is, it has what the Russian formalist critics called "defamiliarization" effect. The foregrounding of language in his novels is best observed in various types of linguistic patterning that show the structure of his fiction. The paper analyzes Nabokov's verbal consciousness according to three types of linguistic patterning: 1)The use of puns that create semantic tension between manifest and latent meaning in phonetically similar words. 2)The use of allusions that convey to the reader additional cultural and literary significance. 3)The use of proper nouns that utilize puns, allusions and other patterning devices.
엔로플록사신 액제의 닭 호흡기 및 소화기 감염증에 대한 예방 및 치료효과
윤효인,박병권,조준형,정상희,박경환,장범수,김종춘,황윤환,임종환,이내경,박승춘 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2000 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.-
We evaluated the efficacy of the liquid form of enrofloxacin against poultry respiratory and digestive infections, the major problems in the poultry industry, from diverse diagnosis viewpoints. Results obtained through this study were as follows: 1. The liquid form of enrofloxacin showed good acceptability to poultry owing to no abhorrence to the drug by chickens, which indicated its suitability for mixing in drinking water. 2. The application of the enrofloxacin formulation improved the productivity of the chicken farm to a great extent by lowering the death toll of chicken raised in the farm. 3. The use of the drug shortened the days to the market, and increased the body weight at the time of marketing. 4. Preventive and therapeutic effects of the liquid enrofloxacin were observed higher than ampicillin, a major antibiotic used in poultry farming. From above results, the liquid form of enrofloxacin would find its use for the prevention and treatment of digestive and respiratory infections, let alone the growth promotion and feed efficiency, especially in the chicken farming practice.
Fosfomycin의 항균효과 및 capillary electrophoresis에 의한 측정법에 관한 연구
윤효인,박승춘,이규승,권진욱,조준형,신광순,김무열,허강준,조명행 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1996 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-
Fosfomycin, a low molecular antibiotic, is to be easily synthesized, therefore to be possibly used in veterinary sectors due to econimic reasons. In this study, we determined the antibacterial activities of fosfomycin against some domestic animal-origin pathogens, and its combined effects with some important antibacterials available. We also compared detection methods of fosfomycin from various measuring instruments. The results obtained through this experiment were as follows: 1. Antibacterial activities of fosfomycin against the pathogens used in this experiment were appeared fairly low. We found the antobacterial activities depanded on the kinds of media and the addition of some material thereins, which suggests the importance of appropriate medium so as to judge the antibacterial activity of fosfomycin. 2. Fosfomycin showed varying antibacterial effects in combination with other antibacterials, which should be taken into consideration when combining other antobacterials especially in the clinical settings. Of the combined antivacterials, fosfomycin had synergistic effects in combination with amoxicillin but antagonistic effects with oxytetracyline. 3. Conventional detection methods using HPLC, GC and spectrophotometer were not appropriate to measure fosfomycin. Capillary electrophoresis by the way of the indirect ultraviolet detection method was good enough to detect fosfomycin in the range of expected concentration in tissues, with the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 1.25 ㎍/㎖. We recommend the eletrophoresis method could be used to detect fosfomycin, thereby being able to set the optimal dosage for animals and providing the measures in relation with the residual concentration in the meat.
나보코프의《창백한 불》연구 : 로티의 자유주의 아이러니스트 해석 Richard Rorty's Liberal Ironist Interpretation
윤효윤 弘益大學校 人文科學硏究所 2004 人文科學 Vol.12 No.-
Criticized for the formal qualities in place of the moral content in his novels, Nabokov once said that a reappraiser would declare that he was a rigid moralist. Indeed in 1989 with his celebrated book on the Liberal Ironist, Richard Rorty came and declared Nabokov's novels to be more effective in producing better citizens for a democratic society than moral treatises, narrative media being the most useful vehicles of moral education at present. Following Judith Shklar's definition of a liberal, Rorty argues the suggestion "as little cruelty as possible" is simply a good basis for a modem society. Nabokov is then recognized as a liberal because he speaks out against cruelty. In interpreting Pale Fire Rorty writes the lake where the rejected Hazel drowns herself, rather than the fantastical mountains the King crosses in to exile, is "the central topographical center" of the novel. By this, he says, Nabokov asserts that the reader's sympathy should be with the sufferers rather than with charmers like Kinbote, as the novelist's own pursuit of private perfection does not necessarily lead to tenderness in human relation. This is Rorty reading Nabokov against Nabokov, mediated by pragmatism. He argues the relation between Kinbote and Shade is not simply oppositional but dialectical; Nabokov was interested in making himself and his readers better by increasing the intensity of the dialectical exchanges between two sides of his and our natures-the side that exults in beauty and in the fantasies to which beauty gives rise, and the side that is ravaged by the suffering of the helpless. Rorty may be interpreted as coming to respond to what Kinbote says towards the end of the novel about turning up yet on other campus. It is then possible that Rorty as Kinbote returned was created as an dead-end designed to thwart future critics reading the author into the book. Rorty's criticism of 'aesthetic bliss' may as well be interpreted other than the author's personal myth, as art gives the reader directly, not after the programmed lapses, the moments of moral effect by the education of the senses in sharpening the sensibilities and promoting the self-inspection of others.
나보코프의 단편소설연구 : 패턴과 신호의 시학 The Poetics of Patterns and Signs
윤효윤 弘益大學校 東西文化硏究所 2002 東西文化硏究 Vol.10 No.-
In the assumption that Nabokov’s short stories readily reveal his poetics of self-referential fiction, the paper examines “A Guide to Berlin” of his early period, “Cloud, Castle, Lake” of his middle period and “Signs and Symbols” of his American period. GeneralJy believed to reveal realist mode, his short stories are marked by exceptionally detailed representation. Detail, angle of vision, optical effects and modes of characteristic perception are some of the features of “A Guide to Berlin.” The poetics of “defamiliarization” as expounded by the Russian formalist criticism is related to these of modernistic devices. While dealing with the theme of the “otherworld” in terms of the fusion of the present and the past through memory, “Cloud, Castle, Lake” clearly shows the writer’s strong reaction against the threats of totalitarian regimes and vulgarity. Though its superficial theme is about an old couple’s son suffering ‘referential mania,’ “Signs and Symbols” can be read as a reading model to discover and interpret signs and patterns planted in his fiction as the mania is easily a critical disease all readers, especially of Nabokov’s fiction, suffer from. It should be noted that through these signs the pain and fright of its characters’ lives are also evoked. His stories are characterized by high art and sometimes criticized as an escapist literature. It is argued, however, that Nabokov’s insistence on authorial dictatorship is not meznt to undermine the liberty of real people. His self-conscious devices call attention to the limited world of the novelist’s authority, where his attempt at dominion is never extended beyond the printed page.