서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

일부 크롬 폭로 근로자들에 있어서 변이원성 지표로서의 소핵검사

윤형렬,김장락,홍대용 大韓産業醫學會 1993 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.5 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of utilizing micronucleus test for buccal mucosa and blood lymphocyte as an indicator for the evaluation of chromium mutagenicity in workers(n=40) exposed to chromium trioxide(CrO₃) and controls(n=40) in Pusan and Changwon cities form April 1 to August 30, 1992. Urine chromium concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Self-recorded questionnaire were used to collect information on the relevant characteristics of the study subjects. The results were as follows. 1. The mean frequencies of micronucleus in buccal mucosa, blood lymphocytes and average urine chromium concentration of chromium platers were significantly higher than those for controls(p<0.01). 2. The mean frequencies of micronucleus in buccal mucosa and blood lymphocyte of chromium platers by smoking habit were significantly higher than those of controls(p<0.01). However, the difference of mean frequencies of micronucleus between smokers and non-smokers were not statistically significant(p>0.05). 3. The frequencies of micronucleus in buccal mucosa and blood lymphocyte were highly correlated(r=0.7706). Some of the other variables were also correlated, for example, urine Cr concentrations and frequencies of micronucleus in blood lymphocyte(r=0.7259), urine Cr concentrations and frequencies of micronucleus in buccal mucosa(r=0.6247), age and work duration(r=0.4032), work duration and frequencies of micronucleus in buccal mucosa(r=0.3603), age and frequencies of micronucleus in blood lymphocyte(r=0.3260), work duration and frequencies of micronucleus in blood lymphocyte(r=0.3231), age and frequencies of micronucleus in buccal mucosa(r=0.2760). 4. According to the results of multiple classification analysis, frequencies of micronucleus in buccal mucosa were statistically associated with occupation and work duration, frequencies of micronucleus in blood lymphocyte associated with occupation and work duration, and urine Cr concentrations associated with occupation. The results suggested that micronucleus test in buccal mucosa and blood lymphocyte could be used as a biological indicator for evaluating toxic effects of chromium.

마이크로 사이즈 인출구경을 이용한 고휘도 이온빔 인출 시스템 개발

김윤재,박동희,정형설,황용석 한국공작기계학회 2005 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

In order to develop a high brightness ion source using plasma, the ion beam extraction system with an aperture of 100μm in diameter has been designed and constructed. It is observed that over 500nA of He ion beam current can be extracted. With such an optimized condition, ~10³ A/cm²sr beam brightness can be measured by emittance scanner, which is believed to be a promising result for developing next generation FIB.

역공학 기술을 이용한 스크류 유량계 개발 및 성능평가에 관한 연구

김형일,황종대,정윤교 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2005 機械技術硏究 Vol.8 No.2

This research presents a modeling and a manufacturing method of screw flow meter. This paper introduces the efficient design and manufacturing method of screw type flow meter using reverse engineering and test technology. The methods introduced this paper utilize the reverse engineering that is increasing accuracy of modeling and manufacturing of reverse model. And then it can be used in performance test with hydraulic test equipment. Hence this can be used in the basic document for development of the quite accurate flowmeter.

6kW 독립형 풍력발전기의 진동 모니터링 및 분석

김석현,남윤수,유능수,이정완,박무열,박해균,김태형 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2005 産業技術硏究 Vol.25 No.A

A vibration monitoring system for a small class of wind turbine (W/T) is established and operated. The monitoring system consists of monolithic integrated chip accelerometer for vibration monitoring, anemometers for wind data acquisition and auxiliary sensors for atmospheric data. Using the monitoring system, vibration response of a 6kW W/T generator is investigated. Acceleration data of the W/T tower under various operation condition is acquired in real time using LabVIEW and is remotely transferred from the test site to the laboratory in school by internet. Vibration state of the tower structure is diagnosed within the operating speed range. Resonance frequency range of the test model is investigated with the wind speed data of the test site.

백서의 실험적 치아 이동시 치주조직내 성장이자 발현에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

이준형,김상철,국윤아 대한치과교정학회 1995 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.25 No.1

교정력에 의한 치아이동시 치주조직의 조직변화를 알아보고 성장인자중의 하나인 Epidemal Growth Factor(EGF)의 시간 경과에 따른 발현정도 및 분포 변화를 알아 보고자, Sprague-Dawley계 백서 23마리를 대조군(3마리)과 실험군(20마리)으로 나누었으며, 실험군은 교정력(75g)을 가한 후 12시간, 1일, 4일, 7일, 14일이 경과한 후 각각 4마리씩 희생시켜, EGF의 발현 분포와 조직학적 변화를 면역조직화학적 및 조직병리학적으로 관찰한바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 교정력을 가한 후 14일 까지, 견인측의 치주인대 섬유는 신장되었고, 압박측의 치주인대 섬유는 압축되었으며 치주인대섬유 배열의 완전회복은 일어나지 않았다. 2. 대조군의 EGF 발현은 구강상피, 전상아질, 치수와 치주인대내의 혈관에서 진하게 발현되었으나, 파골세포 및 골아세포에서는 미약한 염색상을 보였다. 3. 교정력을 가한지 12시간, 1일, 4일, 7일째 실험군의 치주조직에서의 EGF의 발현은 견인측과 압박측의 차이가 없이, 경미한 미만성의 양성반응을 보였다. 4. 교정력을 가한지 14일째 치주조직에서 EGF의 발현이 현저히 증가되었으며, 압박측보다 견인측이 더 많이 발현되었으며, 치경부 쪽보다 치근단 쪽에서 더 많았다. This study was designed to evaluate the expression of growth factor in periodontal tissue during the experimental movement of rat incisors by LSAB(Labelled strepatavidine Biotin) immunohistochemical staining for EGF(Epidermal growth factor). 23 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group(3rats0 and experimental groups(20rats), where a force(75g) from helical springs across the maxillary incisors was applied. Experimental groups were sacrificed at 12 hours, 1, 4, 7 and 14 days, after force application, respectively. And Tissue slides of control and experimental groups were studied immunohistochemically and histologically. The results were as follows : 1. In 14days after force application, periodontal fibers were strectched on the tension side, and compressed in pressure side of all experimental groups, and the arrangement of periodontal fibers was not recovered yet. 2. The degree of EGF expression in control group was strongly positive in the oral epithelium, predentin, capillaries in pulp and periodontal spaces. But osteoblasts and osteoclasts were stained mildly positive. 3. EGF expression was mild and diffuse in 12 hours, 1, 4 and 7 days of experimental groups and was not significantly different between the tension and pressure sides. 4. The degree of EGF expression in the 14-day experimental group was higher than any other group. And the tension side showed a more positive EGF expression than the pressure side. The apical area revealed a more positive EGF expression than the cervical area.

치과위생사의 감염관리 실태에 관한 연구

조윤정,윤석준,안형식,김순덕,박형근 한국의료QA학회 2003 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background : Dental hygienists are at risk of acquiring infections through exposure to infectious agents. This study explores the frequency of exposure to infectious agents and infection control practices among dental hygienists. Methods : We undertook a cross-sectional survey to examine the exposure to infectious agents and infection control practices among dental hygienists through questionnaire. Data were obtained from 124 dental hygienists attending educational conferences. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the factors that effect infection control practices in to age, completion of infection control education, recognition of their own serum hepatitis Ag/Ab status, the number of one day patients, location of clinics, type of clinics, and career years. Results : Of the 124 dental hygienists, 91.7% were exposed to at least one accident such as needle strike injuries during their practices periods. The health screening coverage rate in dental hygienists was 16.5%. The number of one day patients and career years were important in relation to infection control practices among dental hygienists. The adjusted odds ratio estimates for career years were 5.049 times greater(95% CI 1.238-20.597)for groups with 4 career years than under 2 career years. That for the number of one day patients were 0.261(95% CI 0.071-0.0955)lower for through 20 up to 30 patients, 0.531(95% CI 0.102-2.78)lower for through 30 up to 40 patients and 0.498(95% CI 0.123-2.017)lower for more than 40 patients than under 20 patients. Conclusion : From these results, prevalence of infection control practices among dental hygienists is related to the number of one day patients and career years. Prevention of cross infection and reduction of future transmission should be a priority to dental hygienists for promotion of infection control and further efforts to educate newcomers on infection prevention should be made.

정신분열병 환자의 반응시간

최형식,정범석,김한규,송현주,이재원,김창윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.5

연구배경: 주의력은 인지적인 정보처리과정(information processing)의 가장 기본적인 단계이다. 반응시간 (reaction time)은 주의력을 가장 잘 반영하는 검사 중 하나로서, 자극이 제시된 후 반응이 시작되기까지 반응 여부를 결정하는데 걸리는 시간인 판단 시간(decision time)과 반응이 시작되면서 목표에 도달할 때까지 시간인 운동시간(motor time)으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 기존의 연구결과로는, 정신분열병 환자군에서 반응시간의 수행이 떨어져 있다는 보고는 많이 되어왔으나 차이가 없다는 보고도 있으며, 판단시간과 운동시간 중 어느 부분에 장애가 있는지 명확하지 않다. 또한 반응시간 측정값은 질병의 진단적 유형(diagnostic subtype), 증상, 경과 등의 영향을 받으며 개체간의 변동(inter-individual variation)이 크고, 같은 피험자라도 측정시점이 다를 때마다 차이를 보이는 개체내 변동(intra-individual variation)이 커서 검사결과마다 차이를 보이고 있는 상태이다. 목적: 환자군은 개체간 변동이 크고 다른 임상적 요소에 의해 영향받는 점을 고려하여, 임상적으로 안정적인 경과에 있는 정신분열병 환자만을 대상으로 정상인 군과 반응시간의 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 또한 반응시간을 판단시간과 운동시간으로 나누어 측정하여 각각을 비교분석 하고자 하였고, 개체내 변동이 큰점을 고려하여 25회 반복 측정을 실시하고 이에 따른 변동의 경향성을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: DSM-Ⅳ에 의해 '정신분열병'으로 진단된 환자로서, 급성기 이후 항정신병약물을 유지하고 있으며BPRS(brief psychiatric rating scale) 30점 이하의 임상적으로 안정적인 상태가 3개월 이상 유지된10명이 환자군으로 포함되었고, 정상인은 자원자 10명이 포함되었다. 검사도구는 비엔나 테스트 시스템 반응유닛(Reation Unit) 파라미터 S8을 이용하였다. 총 6가지의 자극이 무작위로 1측정시기(session) 당 총 32회 주어지고, 피험자는 이중 특정 자극에 8번만 반응하도록 되어 있다. 시작 전 1회 연습 후 총 25측정시기를 5분 간격으로 반복하였다. 반응 시간을 판단시간과 운동시간의 합으로 정의하고 세 가지 모두 컴퓨터를 이용하여 자동 측정되었다. 반응·판단·운동 시간의 비교에는 반복 측정을 고려한 분산분석(repeated measures analysis of variance)을 사용하였다. 결과: 환자군은 정상인에 비하여 유의하게 반응시간의 수행속도가 저하되어 있었다(p<0.01). 판단시간과 운동시간으로 나누어 볼 때, 환자군에서 판단시간이 유의하게 느렸고(p<0.01), 운동시간은 수행저하의 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 25회 반복측정시 양군 모두 측정시기에 따른 유의한 변화를 보였고(p<0.01), 환자군의 반응시간은 개체간의 차이뿐 아니라 개체내 변동이 큰 경향을 보였다. 옳게 반응한 횟수(correct response)는 환자군에서 저하되는 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 고찰: 정신분열병 환자군에서 판단시간이 유의하게 저하된 것은, 반응시간의 저하가 운동요소 보다는 인지적 요소에 의한 것임을 시사하는 것으로, 정보처리과정의 기본적인 단계인 주의력 장애를 보여주는 것으로 생각된다. 비교적 안정적이고 임상적인 특성이 동일한 환자군에서도 반응시간이 대조군에 비해 큰 개체간 차이와 개체내 변동성의 경향을 보였으며, 이는 단순한 측정오차라기 보다는 정신분열병 환자군의 인지기능의 특성을 반영하는 것으로 생각된다. 중심단어:정신분열병·반응시간·판단시간·운동시간·개체간 변동·개체내 변동. The reaction time(RT) has been known to reflect attention that controls the flow of information processing. Extensive research has demonstrated cognitive impairment in schizophr-enia subjects using RT taske. However, little work has been done examining the relative contribution of DT(decision time) and MT(motor time) to slowed RT in schizophrenics. Also, recent investigators have observed that schizophrenic patients exhibit larger intra-individual variability in RT than do normal comparison subjects. The purpose of this study, using multi-stimulus convergent RT task, was to explore the speed of RT, relative contribution of decision time(DT) and motor time(MT) to slowed RT, overall sequential profile in 25 repeated-time measurements in 10 schizophrenic out-patients and 10 normal control subjects. Overall reaction time and decision time were slower in schizophrenic subjects than in normal controls. The motor time was not shown to be significantly different between the two groups with 0.05 significance level, although there was some trend indicating schizophrenic subjects were slower consistently in repreated measurements over time. These results suggested that the slower reaction time in schizophrenic subjects was mostly determined by cognitive component, decision time rather than motor time. Sequential profile of repeated measurements showed greater intraindividual and interindividual variations in schizphrenics than in normal controls. These results indicate that high variabilities are not merely measurement errors but characteristic of schizophrenic psychopathology. KEY WORDS: Schizophrenia·Reaction time·Decision time·Motor time·Inter-individual variation·Intra-individual variation.

鉛暴露 作業者의 鉛中毒 早期發見을 위한 集團檢診法 改善方案에 관한 硏究

홍대용,김장락,정주화,최현림,윤형렬 慶尙大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.34 No.1

This study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of current lead indicators used in screening lead who were sspeted to have been exposed to lead were selected as 'case'and 207 female workers from non-lead industry were selected for 'control'. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean values of blood lead for case and control were 31.4㎍/dl, 22.2㎍/dl,respectively. The difference observed in the mean concentration between case and control was statistically signifi-ant(P<0.01) 2. The mean values for blood ZPP by hematofluorometer for case and control were 31.3㎍/dl, 25.4㎍/dl,respectiely. And difference between two groups was statistically significant(P<0.01). 3. No statistically significant correlation was found between working duation and blood lead, blood ZPPlovel. 4. According to the simple correlation analysis,ZPPand urine lead were found to be statistically correlated with blood lead(P<0.01) 5. According to the discriminant analysis using blood lead as a dependent variable, it showed 89.1% predictability when using 40㎍/dl as a cutting value which is used as a screenig cutting value for industry workers health examination, while 81.8% for 30㎍/dl,77.54% for 20㎍/dl, respectively. 6. Lead related simptons which is used for screening the lead ntoxicated patients were used as a dependent variables in multiple regression analysis to find useful lead indicator. And significant independent variables were found to be ZPP, Age, and Hct. 7. Above results suggest that objective evalution of feasibbility of several lead indicators should be developed to correct the disutility of current lead screeng system in Korea.

사체간이식 환자와 생체간이식 환자들의 삶의 질 비교 연구

김금희,윤석준,안형식,이준영,박형근,서경석 한국의료QA학회 2004 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Objective : The aim of this study were to measure quality of life(QOL) in liver transplant recipicnts, to ocmpare QOL between living donor liver transplant recipicnts and cadavcric live transplant recipients and to investgatre whether SF-36 may be used as a disease-specific instrument in liver transplant recipients. Methods : We conducted a single-center cross-sectional study of 133 LT recipients ages 13 to 65 years, all of whom had had Liver Transplantion(LT) at least 1 months previously. QOL was assessed using a self-completion questionnaire consisting of the Bang Whal Ran(1991) instruments and the 36-Item Short-Firm Health Survey(SF-36) health status profile measure. We investigated whether the SF-36 instrument may be used as a disease-specific instrument in LT recipients. Individual scale scores range from 0 to 100 , with higher score reflecting better health. Data on demograpics, clinical status at pre transplantation 1 day, post transplantation clinical statns, and graft gunction were collected to identify predictors of post transplantation QOL. Results : Standard measures for test-rtest reliability, internal consistency, and discriminant and concurrent validity were examined. The reliability of the SF-36, as measured by test-retest correlation(Pearson coeffocoents: 0.729, p=0.002) and by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.9431) exceeded conbentional acceptability criteria. The correlation between domain scores of SF-36 and the Bang Whal Ran(1991) was clear and logical in that the clinical characteristics of SF-36 strongly correlated with the clinical component summary score of the Bang Whal Ran(1991)(r = 0.8155, P<01). SF-36 scale scores were compared between Cadaveric Liver Transplant recipients and Living Donor Liver Transplant recipients. Donor types of post LT did not influence HRQOL(P >0.05). 87% of the liver transplant recipients were safisfied to get LT. Satisfaction of post LT showed significantly greater HRQOL(p<0.001). Conclusion : SF-36 is found reliable and valid. This study indicates thet Donor Type did not influence HRQOL after LT. The information gained from this study will help us to better define expectations and the colinical course after liver transplantation to patients and their families.