면접조사를 통한 초등학생의 영양교육 실태 및 실천도 조사

오유진,이영미,김정현,안홍석,김정원,박혜련,서정숙,김경원,권오란,박혜경,이은주,성현이 대한지역사회영양학회 2008 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.13 No.4

This study investigated the experience and practice of elementary school students on nutrition education. The data were collected from 217 male and female students attending 5-6th grade elementary schools in Seoul and Kyunggi-Do from March to June 2007, interviewing face to face by a nutrition teacher and 3 interns of a nutrition teacher. The results were as follows: 86.5% of the subjects learned about ‘Table etiquette’, ‘Reasons for eating fruits and vegetables’ (78.7%), ‘Food waste and environment’ (72.3%), ‘Healthy snacks’ (55.7%), ‘Food sanitation’ (52.3%), ‘Food culture of foreign countries’ (48.1%). Nutrition education experience was significantly different by gender. A total of 43.5% boys responded that they never learned about ‘basic food preperation’ (p < 0.01). They had learned ‘Nutrients for body’ and ‘Food waste and environment’ in school, ‘Healthy weight loss’, ‘Food culture of foreign countries’, ‘Food circulation’ on television, Most content (‘Table etiquette’, ‘Simple cooking’, ‘Food sanitati n’, ‘Eating behaviors for health’, ‘Reasons for eating fruits and vegetables’, ‘Healthy snacks’) was learned from parents. The practice after nutrition education was higher in ‘Table etiquette’ (2.14), ‘Eating fruits and vegetables’ (2.07) than others compared with education experience. The most reason of non-practice on nutrition information was ‘Troublesome’. In ‘Nutrients for body’, a boy answered ‘Difficult for practice’ 20.0%, a girl answered ‘Difficult to understand’ 32.6%, showing a significant difference between the gender groups (p < 0.001). They remembered the ‘Nutrients for body’ (49.6%), ‘Food sanitation’ (44.5%) because of ‘important content’,‘Basic food preparation’ (40.6%), ‘Food culture of foreign countries’ (36.3%) because of ‘interesting content’, ‘Healthy weight loss’ (52.0%), ‘Eating behavior for health’ (44.5%) and ‘Healthy snacks’ (33.7%) because of ‘need for my health’.

A review on colorless and optically transparent polyimide films: Chemistry, process and engineering applications

Hong-jiang Ni,Jin-gang Liu,Zhen-he Wang,Shi-yong Yang 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.28 No.-

Recent research and development of colorless and optically transparent polyimide (CPI) films have beenreviewed. CPI films possess both of the merits of conventional aromatic PI films and common polymeroptical film; thus have been widely investigated as components for microelectronic and optoelectronicfabrications. The current review coveres the latest research and development for CPI films, includingsynthesis chemistry, manufacturing process, and engineering applications. Especially, this reviewfocuses on the applications of CPI films as flexible substrates for optoelectrical devices, such as flexibleactive matrix organic light emitting display devices (AMOLEDs), flexible printing circuit boards (FPCBs),and flexible solar cells.

Metal-Doped In2O3 Nanosphere Arrays with Enhanced Gas-Sensing Property

Xuanji Zhang,Ni Deng,Xianjia Chen,Yanting Yang,Jing Li,BO HONG,DINGFENG JIN,Xiaoling Peng,XINQING WANG,Hongliang Ge,HONGXIAO JIN 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2019 NANO Vol.14 No.3

In2O3 and metal-doped (Ni or Ce) In2O3 mesoporous three-dimensional (3D) nanospheres arrays were synthesized via nanocasting using mesoporous silica as hard templates. Effects of Ni or Ce doping on the structure, optical and gas-sensing properties of the In2O3 nanospheres were investigated. Both the undoped and the doped In2O3 nanospheres showed single-phase structure without any impurity. The nanospheres were about 20 nm in size and they stacked closely to formrigid 3D mesoporous structure. Achange in the value of optical band gap was observed upon metal doping. The room temperature photo luminescence behavior also showed some differences between pure and doped In2O3. Compared with pure In2O3 nanospheres, the metal-doped In2O3 exhibited superior response, fast recovery and good selectivity to ethanol. The enhanced gas-sensing properties might be related to the doping of metal ion and its effective contribution towards the oxygen vacancies, conductivity and crystallite size of the grains.

The Electrochemical Properties of Nanocrystalline Gd_0.1Ce_0.9O_1.95 Infiltrated Solid Oxide Co-Electrolysis Cells

Hong, Jaewoon,Balamurugan, Chandran,Im, Ha-Ni,Jeon, Sang-Yun,Yoo, Young-Sung,Song, Sun-Ju The Electrochemical Society 2018 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.165 No.3

<P>Ni-YSZ/YSZ/GDC/LSCF6428-GDC10 solid oxide cells were fabricated and investigated in high-temperature H2O/CO2 co-electrolysis using various inlet fuel compositions at 800 degrees C. Furthermore, to see the effect of infiltration on co-electrolysis, the precursor solution for a 10% gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC10) catalyst was dispersed into a fuel electrode backbone by a controlled urea/cation infiltration method. The influence of the inlet gas composition on the syngas product ratio was investigated by in-line gas chromatography. To understand the high-temperature H2O/CO2 co-electrolysis cell performance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) under open-circuit voltage and I-V characteristics, by the electrochemical reactions occurring at the electrodes of prepared solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) were examined. When the inlet gas composition was N-2 63.5%, H-2 5%, CO2 11.5% and H2O 20% under electrolysis current density at -0.6 A cm(-2), the H-2/CO ratio of infiltrated cell was improved from 2.1 to 2.8 compared with the non-infiltrated cell. The thermodynamic factors determining the size, morphology and shape of the infiltrated particles were discussed. (C) The Author(s) 2018. Published by ECS.</P>

동물원 사인시스템에 나타난 공감 디자인에 관한 연구

예춘홍(Ni, Chun Hong),안병진(Ahn, Byoung Jin) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2016 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.23 No.-

본 연구의 배경 및 목적, 연구방법과 범위 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 현대사회에서는 사인시스템 디자인이 광범위하게 응용되고 있다. 사인시스템 구축 방면에서 봤을 때, 사인시스템 디자인 분야는 어떤 한 지역의 발달 정도를 대표하며, 해당 지역의 문명 수준을 측정하는 기준으로도 활용된다. 디자인 차원에서는 사용자의 수요를 표현하는 일종의 표현 방식으로도 해석할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 선진국들과는 달리 중국에선 사인시스템 디자인 개념이 비교적 늦게 도입된 편이다. 특히, 중국의 동물원은 외국의 동물원과 비교했을 때 공감 디자인과 같이 심도 있는 디자인 방면에서 여전히 격차가 매우 큰 편이다. 게다가 사인시스템의 디자인 심리, 도형 디자인의 응용 등의 방면에서도 사용자의 심리에 관한 분석이 상당히 부족하여 대부분 사인시스템의 작용이 명확하지 않거나 심할 경우 유명무실 한 경우도 다수 있다. 본 연구는 먼저 미국과 독일의 우수한 동물원 사인사례를 수집한 다음 동물원 사인시스템 디자인에서의 공감 디자인 방법과 응용형식을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구자는 사인시스템에서 공감 디자인의 작용과 방법을 분석하여 중국의 동물원의 사인시스템과 선진국의 동물원 사인 디자인과의 격차를 좁힐 수 있는 방법을 연구하고자 하였다. 또한, 본 연구는 공감 디자인의 관점에서 실제 운영되고 있는 우수 해외 동물원의 사인시스템을 분석하여 동물원 사인시스템이 갖추어야 할 디자인요소를 4가지의 유형을 통해 추출하였다. 먼저, 지식 설명형 사인시스템은 안내하는 과정에서 관객들로 하여금 많은 정보를 한 번에 제공받을 수 있도록 한다. 오스나브뤼크 동물원에서는 동물 이 갖고 있는 자체 가죽의 특성을 가지고 사인시스템에 적용하여 디자인하였다. 방향 안내형 사인시스템은 주로 화살표를 방향을 가리키는 것으로 전달 속도가 더 빠르다. 미국의 워싱턴 국립동물원에서는 화살표를 대신하여 동물들의 발자국 모양을 이용해서 방향을 가리키고 있는데, 인간과 동물의 관계를 사인을 통해 거리감을 좁혀주며 공감적 느낌을 일으킨다. 예술 조형형 사인시스템은 예술 조형형 사인으로 방향을 가리키는 것을 창의성 있게 표현하는 데, 예를 들어 사바나 트랙 야생 동물원에서는 눈과 색채 간의 시각 원리를 통해 관광객의 관계를 더 가까이 끌어당기고 있다. 야생 생태형 사인시스템은 대부분 자연과 결합한 공간에서 많이 응용된다. 자연재료 등의 사용을 통해 사인시스템을 자연과 하나로 느끼게끔 한다. 하노버 동물원에서는 자연재료를 이용하여 지속가능한 공간을 만들고 있으며 사용자의 관점으로 인간 본질의 수요를 충족시키고 있다. 보통 동물원은 사람들이 여가 시간을 보내거나 동물들을 보러 가는 중요한 장소로, 동물원의 사인시스템 디자인은 마땅히 다양한 관객 집단의 수요를 만족시키는 기능을 수행할 수 있어야 한다. 동물원 사인시스템 디자인은 특수한 장소 환경적 수요로 인해 동물과 사람, 장소와 사람 간의 문제에 보다 더 주의를 기울어야 한다. 세계의 수많은 선진국들에서 사인시스템 디자인이 크게 발전할 수 있었던 이유는 바로 인본적인 수요를 중심으로 하는 디자인 이념에 있다. 사람들의 수요를 통해 공감을 얻고, 사람들의 삶 곳곳에 스며들 수 있으며, 사람들의 감정을 반영할 수 있는 사인시스템에 관한 연구와 오늘 날의 쌍방향성 디자인은 공감 디자인의 기본적인 필요조건이다. 공감 디자인은 이러한 측면에서 실제적인 관찰 및 문제 발견, 문제 해결 이렇게 단계적인 연구가 많이 진행되고 있으므로, 동물원 사인시스템 디자인의 우열이 동물원의 미래발전 추세와 직접적으로 관련이 된다고 할 수 있다. Sign system design is used widely in modern society. When viewed from the construction aspect of sign system, sign system design represents the degree of development of a region and is also utilized as a standard for measuring the level of civilization of that region. When viewed from a design aspect, sign system design can be interpreted as a kind of expression mode which represents the user"s demand. However, unlike the advanced countries where sign system design have long been applied in various fields, the concept of sign system design was introduced in China only recently. In terms of city construction, China is still relying only on sign system design of large cities and capital investment that wholesome facility construction works are not being performed. In particular, compared to zoos in foreign countries, zoos in China still shows a huge gap in terms of utilizing in-depth design such as empathy design. Moreover, they significantly lack accurate analysis of user psychology with respect to elements such as the application of design psychology and diagram design of sign system design. Consequently, the effects of sign system are mostly not clear or, in the worst cases, nominal. First of all, outstanding zoo sign cases from the United States and Germany were collected so as to analyze methods and application forms of empathy design in zoo sign system design. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects and methods of empathy design in the sign system used in foreign countries and to discover ways to close the gap between zoo sign system in China and zoo sign design in advanced countries. Also, four types of design elements that should be included in zoo sign system were educed by analyzing the sign systems of excellent foreign zoos that are actually in operation from the viewpoint of empathy design. The four types of design elements are as follows: First, knowledge descriptive sign system allows the viewers to receive a lot of information in the process of showing. The Osnabrück Zoo applied the characteristic of leather inherent to each animal in the sign system. This application provides accurate direction guide and simultaneously conveys the contents of information in an eye-catching way, and also arouse emotional responses from the viewers. Second, direction guiding sign system, which mainly indicates directions using arrow signs, is faster than information descriptive sign system in terms of transmission speed. In America, the National Zoological Park in Washington use shapes of animal footprint instead of arrows to indicate direction. This application form reduces the sense of distance in the relationship between people and animals through sign and arouse empathic sensation from the viewers. Formative arts sign system, which uses formative arts as signs, creatively expresses ways of indicating directions. For example, in the wildlife zoos along the Savannah tracks, signs applying the visual principles between the eyes and colors are used to bring the tourists more closer to the animals. Wild ecological sign system is usually applied in spaces combined with the nature. By using natural materials, the sign system is made to feel like a part of the nature. At Hanover Zoo, sustainable spaces are created using natural materials and these spaces satisfy the essential demands of humans with the viewpoint of the users. Zoos, in general, are important places where people spend their leisure time or come to see animals. The sign system in a zoo should be able to perform the function of satisfying the demands of various groups of viewers. When designing a zoo sign system, greater attention should be paid to the problems between animals and people as well as place and people due to the environmental demands of the special place. The reason sign system design developed remarkably in many advanced countries is because of their design philosophy centered on humanistic demands. The bas

공공공간 사인시스템의 유니버설디자인에 관한 연구

예춘홍(Ni, Chun Hong),안병진(Ahn, Byoung Jin) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2016 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.24 No.-

빠르고 효율적으로 길을 안내할 수 있는 도구인 사인시스템은 오늘 날 특유의 독특한 디자인 이념과 형식으로 사회의 유통 시스템 전반에 많은 편리함을 가져다주었다. 다양한 국가와, 지형, 경제발전 수준에 따라 각기 실정에 맞는 다양한 사인디자인과 기능을 갖추고 있다. 특히 선진국의 경우 이미 사인시스템이 어느 정도 자리를 잡아 성숙한 상태이며, 다양한 집단의 수요를 전반적으로 잘 고려하여 반영하고 있다. 현재 대부분의 도시에서는 사인시스템의 완성도를 척도로 도시의 발전 정도를 측정하고 있는데, 이는 사회 발전에서 사인시스템이 차지하는 중요성을 충분히 설명해준다. 본 논문에서는 관련 자료에 관한 문헌정리와 사례조사 수집을 통해 소외계층에 대한 관심도 측면에서의 선진국들의 사인시스템에 대한 주시 정도를 파악해보고자 한다. 장애인 부분에서 시각장애인, 청각장애인 그리고 지체장애인, 그리고 아동, 노인, 부녀자 등 여러 다양한 측면들을 예로 들어볼 수 있다. 연구방법으로 먼저 선행 연구 자료들의 중심 포인트를 찾은 뒤, 미국, 독일, 일본 등 선진 국가들의 실제사례를 바탕으로 공공 공간 사인시스템의 타깃 집단에 관한 연구를 진행하였다. 또한 이에 그치지 않고 사인시스템 중 유니버설 디자인 이념에 관해 보다 심층적으로 분석하였다. 자료정리와 실제 고찰을 통해 연구자는 이러한 방면에 중국의 관심도가 비교적 떨어지는 편이라는 것을 발견했다. 본 연구에서 연구자는 소외계층을 개별적인 집단으로 분류해 놓고, 사인시스템 사용 중에 발생하는 이 집단의 실제 니즈를 파악하여 이를 바탕으로 유니버설 디자인의 교차 디자인 이념에 대해 심층적으로 연구해보았다. 우선, 시각장애인 위주의 소외계층을 대상으로 하는 무장애 디자인이 타깃으로 하는 집단에는 주로 시각장애인, 노인 및 색약인 계층이 있다. 독일의 역사박물관 사인시스템은 시각장애인 집단을 중점적으로 분석하여 사인시스템 중 유니버설 디자인 분야에서 보다 더 많은 디자인 아이디어 및 발전 가능성을 제공해주었다. 외국인, 노인 및 아이들을 타깃으로 하는 공공시설사인디자인의 경우 색채에 관한 연구 및 색채와 글자체 응용 간의 연구가 특히 더 중점적으로 이루어져야 한다. 독일 공항의 사인디자인은 그래픽디자인을 적극 활용한 사인시스템으로, 오늘날처럼 그림을 글처럼 읽는 시대에 이러한 소외계층들이 보다 효율적으로 정보를 포착할 수 있도록 하는 동시에 노인과 아이들의 정보 식별도를 높이는 데 공헌했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 두 번째, 사인디자인에서 주 사용층을 소외계층으로 하면 발생가능성이 있는 문제점들이 많다. 예를 들어, 아이들이 사인시스템을 사용하는 과정에서 키 높이 문제로 인해 사인 식별에 어려움을 겪을 수 있다. 또한 지체장애인의 경우 사인디자인 사용 시에 특정한 니즈가 발생할 가능성이 있다. 임산부의 경우 임신 기간에 밖으로 외출할 시에 특수한 서비스형 사인시스템을 필요로 할 가능성이 있다. 일본 우메다 병원에서는 독특한 디자인 이념을 통해 사인디자인을 완성, 환자 및 기타 보호자들의 공감을 이끌어냈다. 마지막으로 소외계층과 유니버설 디자인에 관해 정리하는 과정에서 한 사회에서 소외계층의 존재가 전체 사회의 발전을 촉진한다는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 유니버설 디자인의 수혜자들 또한 사회 한쪽에서 전체 사회의 발전을 촉진하고, 문제발견 및 해결에 도움을 주는 역할을 수행하고 있다. 연구자는 자료조사부터 시작해서 사례들을 분석하고 연구를 최종적으로 마무리 짓는 과정에서 현재 수 많은 선진국들이 공공 공간 사인시스템 시설 구축의 중요성을 인지하고 있으며, 과학 연구 분야에서 대량의 인력을 투입하고 있다는 사실을 발견하였다. 이러한 현상들은 특정 국가나 지역에서의 사인시스템의 공헌 정도를 반영하고 있다. Sign system is an effective guiding tool. Current sign system provieded a lot of convenience to the society by its unique design concept and forms. According to the diversity in counties, regions and level of economic development, sign system presented the different design features in the world. In developed countries, sign system has been relatively mature, it considered variety needs from different groups. The perfection of sign system is the way to measure the level of development, which reflected the importance of sign systems in social development. Based on the study on the literature data and case studies, I found that Sign system in developed countries attached importance to vulnerable groups which include disabled person, children, seniors and women (pregnant women). In this study, I found the cantorial issue by analyzing the paper, researched on cases from the United States, Germany, Japan and other developed countries and tried to analyze the crowd which Public Space Sign system concerned. Through the research, I found that Chinese Sign system haven’t pay much attention on vulnerable groups in China. In this study, I classified the Vulnerable Groups into different types of groups, with the actual needs of those groups in Sign System explored the crossover design concept of Universal Design . First, Vulnerable Groups focused on the needs of the blind people, the seniors and color weakness crowd. By analyzing the Sign system in German Historical Museum, I expanded the design ideas. In the Sign system for foreigners, seniors and children, color and word font are particularly important. The appropriate used of graphic design in German Airport Sign system accelerate the information capture of people, especially for the seniors and children. Secondly, the problems for disabled person in Guide system became apparent. Such as identifying issues for children in using the Sign system because of height problems; the special requirement for physically disabled people and pregnant women in using sign systems. Sign system of Umeda hospital in Japan met the needs of special groups with its unique design concept. Finally, I summarized Vulnerable Groups and Universal Design, I found the existence of Vulnerable Groups promoted social progress. Universal Design is also a powerful tool to discover the problem in social progress. According to the previous thesis research and case study, I found that developed countries payed attention on to different aspects in Sign system, and the national investment in research is large. From this point , Sign system reflected contribution to an area.

A Network Intrusion Detection Model Based on K-means Algorithm and Information Entropy

Gao Meng,Li Dan,Wang Ni-hong,Liu Li-chen 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.8 No.6

Many factors could influence the clustering performance of K-means algorithm, selection of initial cluster centers was an important one, traditional method had a certain degree of randomness in dealing with this problem, for this purpose, information entropy was introduced into the process of cluster centers selection, and a fusion algorithm combining with information entropy and K-means algorithm was proposed, in which, information entropy value was used to measure the similarity degree among records, the least similar record would be regarded as a cluster center. In addition, a network intrusion detection model was built, it could make cluster centers change dynamically along with the network changes, and the model could real-time update the cluster centers according to actual needs. Experiment results show that the improved algorithm proposed is better than the traditional K-means algorithm in detection ratio and false alarm ratio, and the network intrusion detection model is proved to be feasible.

Investigation on electromagnetothermoelastic interaction of functionally graded piezoelectric hollow spheres

Hong-Liang Dai,Yan-Ni Rao 국제구조공학회 2011 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.40 No.1

An analytical method is presented to investigate electromagnetothermoelastic behaviors of a hollow sphere composed of functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM), placed in a uniform magnetic field, subjected to electric, thermal and mechanical loads. For the case that material properties obey an identical power law in the radial direction of the FGPM hollow sphere, exact solutions for electric displacement, stresses, electric potential and perturbation of magnetic field vector in the FGPM hollow sphere are determined by using the infinitesimal theory of electromagnetothermoelasticity. Some useful discussion and numerical examples are presented to show the significant influence of material inhomogeneity. The aim of this research is to understand the effect of composition on electromagnetothermoelastic stresses and to design optimum FGPM hollow spheres.

Prognostic Value of ALDH1A3 Promoter Methylation in Gliob;astoma: A Single Center Experience in Western China

Ni, Wei,Luo, Lin,Ping, Zuo,Yuan, Hong-Ping,Zhao, Xu-Dong,Xu, Wei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.2

Background: Aberrations in gene methylation patterns play important roles in gliomagenesis. However, whether the ALDH1A3 promoter methylation is related to prognoses of primary glioblastomas (GBMs) in Western China remains unclear. Materials and Methods: Methylation levels of ALDH1A3 CpG island in 36 GBMs were identified by pyrophosphate sequencing, while ALDH1A3 expression was assessed with matched paraffin section immunohistochemistry. Survival curves were analysed by Kaplan-Meier. Results: The hypermethylation status of ALDH1A3 promoter predicted a better prognosis accompanied with low expression of ALDH1A3 protein. Conclusions: Our results indicate ALDH1A3 promoter methylation correlates with prognosis in primary GBMs.

siRNA Interference with a Proliferation-Inducing Ligand Gene in the Sgr-7901 Gastric Carcinoma Cell Line

Ni, Shao-Zhong,Cao, Hong-Yong,Chen, Zheng,Zhu, Yi,Xu, Ze-Kuan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the influence of siRNA interference with a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) gene on gastric carcinoma sgr-7901 cell apoptosis. Correlations between APRIL silencing and tyrosine kinase (trka) expression were also explored. Methods: Two APRIL-silencing siRNA vectors were constructed, and transfected into human gastric carcinoma sgr-7901 cells, expression before and after transfection being detected using RT-PCR and western blot analyses. The expression of 15 trka genes was detected using RT-PCR and apoptotic rates of sgr-7901 were assessed by flow cytometry. Results: The expression levels of receptor trka genes were significantly decreased, and the apoptotic rate of sgr-7901 was significantly increased after transfection (P < 0.05). Conclusion: APRIL gene silencing can increase the apoptotic rate of gastric carcinoma cells, and inhibit the expression of receptor trka genes. There is a correlation between the signaling pathways of APRIL and trka.