Chitosan Coating 이 계란이 저장중 품질에 미치는 영향

이신호,노홍균,정영희 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1996 식품과학지 Vol.8 No.-

Chitosan의 막형성능을 이용하여 계란의 저장성 증진 효과를 검토하기 위하여 세척란과 미세척란을 chitosan용액 1%와 2%를 이용하여 coating 처리하여 20℃에서 저장하면서 난중 감소율, yolk index, Haugh unit 및 유화력 등을 측정하여 대조구와 비교한 결과 난중 감소율은 chitosan 처리에 의해 저장 기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. Yolk index와 Haugh unit 측정결과 chitosan의 처리 효과는 p<0.05 수준에서 유의성이 인정되었다. 난황의 유화력은 저장 기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하였으며 chitosan 처리구는 대조구에 비해 완만하게 감소하였다. Chitosan coating의 농도별 처리는 계란의 저장중 무처리구에 비해 품질보존효과가 점차 뚜렷하였으며, 미세척란 보다 세척란에서 더욱 뚜렷하였다. Weight loss, yolk index, Haugh unit, and emulsifying capacity of egg were measured to evaluate the effect of chitosan coating on egg quality during storage at 20℃. Reduction ratio of egg weight was 7.04% for chitosan-uncoated egg, 6.46% for 1% chitosan-coated egg, and 5.43% for 2% chitosan-coated egg after 60 days storage, respectively. Yolk index and Haugh unit of chitosan-coated or -uncoated egg were significantly different. Emulsifying capacity of egg yolk was less decreased in chitosan-coated egg than in chitosan-uncoated egg during storage. It was also found that quality of chitosan-coated egg was much better than that of uncoated egg during storage at 20℃. Effect of chitosan coating on egg quality was more apparent in washed egg than in unwashed egg.

부재료가 배추김치 숙성에 미치는 영향

노홍균,이신호,김순동 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1995 식품과학지 Vol.7 No.-

Chinese cabbage kimchi has long been consumed as a traditional fermented food in Korea. Ingredients involved in kimchi preparation, such as red pepper, garlic, ginger, green onion, and etc., influence the kimchi fermentation rate differing with kinds and amounts of ingredients. In this review article, information on the kinds and amounts of these ingredients used in the extant 75 literature is given together with data for frequency and average amount of each ingredient. In addition, chemical composition, minerals and vitamins, and characteristics of the ingredients are present. Effects of ingredients on kimchi fermentation also are extensively reviewed.

게 가공 폐기물로 부터 키틴의 분리

노홍균,이문이 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1995 식품과학지 Vol.7 No.-

게 가공 폐기물을 부가가치가 높은 키틴 자원으로 활용코자, 이들 폐기물로부터 키틴을 효율적으로 분리할 수 있는 조건을 설정하고 이로 부터 제조된 키틴의 물리화학적 성질을 조사하였다. 탈회분은 원료중량의 15배에 해당하는 1N HCl로 실온에서 30분간 교반함으로서, 탈단백질은 탈회분된 시료에 원료중량의 15배에 해당하는 5% NaOH용액으로 65℃에서 1시간 동안 교반함으로서 가장 효율적으로 이루어졌다. 탈색소는 원료중량의 10배에 해당하는 0.32% NaOCl로 3분간 처리시 가장 바람직하였다. 침지에 의한 탈회분 및 탈단백질은 교반에 비해 추출 효율성이 낮고 장시간을 요하였다. 백색의 최종 키틴제품은 질소함량이 6.45%, 회분은 0.15%이었으며, 5% lithium chloride를 함유한 N,N-dimethylacetamide용액(DMAc-5% LiCl)에서 0.1% 키틴의 점도는 12.8cP를 나타냈다. 또한 DMAc-5% LiCl에서 키틴의 용해도는 58.4%를 나타냈으며, bulk density는 입자 크기가 20~40mesh일 때 0.27g/㎖, 100mesh 이하일 때는 0.43g/㎖를 나타내었다. 입자 크기에 따른 키틴의 질소 및 회분함량에는 별차이가 없었으며, 키틴의 수율은 입자의 크기가 클수록 증가하는 경향이었다. 키틴 제조시 탈색공정은 키틴의 점도를 감소시켰으며 용해도에는 별 영향이 없었다. Procedures for isolation of chitin have been developed from crab(Chionoecetes opilio) shell waste with 26. 65% chitin on a dry basis. Optimal conditions for demineralization of crab shell were 1N HCl at ambient temperature for 30min with a solids to solvent ratio of 1: 15(w/v). Optimal deproteinization involved treatment with 5% NaOH at 65℃ for 1hr with a solids to solvent ratio of 1: 15(w/v). Effective decoloration was achieved by bleaching with 0.32% sodium hypochlorite solution for 3min with a solids to solvent ratio of 1: 10(w/v). Particular attention was given to characterization of the physicochemical properties of the crab chitin. Chitins, from four different mesh sizes of crab shell, did not show significant differences in nitrogen and ash compositions. Bleaching decreased the viscosity of chitin but did not affect its solubility.

pH 조절에 의한 쌀세척 폐수의 처리

노홍균,김지숙,이문이,조영인 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1994 식품과학지 Vol.6 No.-

여러 pH 조건 및 키토산 농도하에서 쌀세척 폐수로부터 부유성 고형물을 효과적으로 응집, 회수할 수 있는 방법을 모색하였다. 키토산 첨가에 따른 탁도감소효과는 pH가 낮아짐에 따라 작았으며 pH 6 이상에서는 키토산 농도가 증가함에 따라 현저히 컸다. 그러나, 폐수의 탁도감소는 키토산 농도와는 관계없이 pH 4일 때 가장 효과적 이었으며 pH가 증가함에 따라 저하하였다. 쌀세척 폐수내의 부유성 고형물은 폐수의 pH를 4로 조정한 후 원심분리하므로서 가장 효과적으로 침전, 회수할 수 있었다. 이 때 탁도감소는 99% 이상을 나타내었으며, 폐수내 부유물질의 농도차와 pH 조정제로 사용된 산종류는 탁도감소에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 폐수의 탁도감소 효과는 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 저하하였다. Treatment of rice-washing wastewater was considered under various pH levels and chitosan concentrations. Compared with the control test, addition of chitosan at the various concentrations did not noticeably enhanced turbidity reduction at pH 4 and 5, but greatly enhanced at above pH 6. However, reduction of turbidity in the wastewater, irrespective of chitosan concentrations, was the greatest at pH 4 and became lower by increasing pH. Suspended solids in the wastewater were the most effectively recovered by pH adjustment of the wastewater to 4 followed by centrifugation, with over 99% reduction in turbidity. Different concentrations of suspended solids in the wastewater and various kinds of acids used for pH adjustment did not affect turbidity reduction. Increasing storage periods of the wastewater resulted in lower reductions in turbidity.

낙동강 상수원수의 오존처리 효과 : II. 회분식 오존처리에 의한 휘발성유기화합물 및 조류제거 효과 II. Removal of VOCs and Algae in Raw Water by Conducting Batch Test of Ozonation Experiments

임영식,이홍재,이도진,허종수,손보균,조주식 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.12

This study was carried out to evaluate the pollutant removal efficiencies of the advanced drinking water treatment using ozonation process. For raw water, Nakdong River was used. By conducting batch test of ozonation efficiencies of the ozonation were 94 to 92%, respectively. Removal efficiencies of single VOC compound or mixed VOC compounds in the raw water were 80% to 90% by the ozonation with 2 mg/ℓ dosage and 10 minutes contact time. Removal efficiencies of ABS by the ozonation with 1 mg/ℓ, 3 mg/ℓ dosage and 20 minutes contact time were 83% to 96%, respectively. Almost 67% of chlorophyll-a at the concentration of 38.㎍/ℓ was removed by ozonation at ozone dosage of 1mg/ℓ for 20 min. considering the efficiency of ozone utilization and water treatment, the most effective ozonation could be obtained with high ozone dosage and short and short contact time.

비정상 질확대경검사 소견을 보이는 환자에서 환상투열요법의 직접적 적용에 관한 연구

우헌탁,이철민,박교훈,조용균,최훈,김복린,이홍균 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.2

Objective: Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ) has been widely used for evaluating cervical dysplasia/cancer. We performed this study to evaluate if colposcopically suspected cervical high-grade dysplasia or cancer could be directly evaluated and treated with LLETZ. Methods: 93 women who were scheduled for colposcopic evaluation because of an abnormal cervical cytology report were included in the study in Sanggye Paik Hospital from Jan to Dec 2001. Mean age of the study population was 38.6±9.0. colposcopy directed punch biopsy was not performed and histologic diagnosis was made by LLETZ. Sensitivity and specificity of colposcopic evaluation was calculated and compared with those of cervical cytology. Results: On histopathological examination by LLETZ, 11(11.8%) patients had invasive cancers including 3(3.2%) adenocarcinomas. The sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy for the detection of cervical dysplasia or cancer was 71.7% and 72.3% respectively, wile those of cytology was 56.5% and 74.5% respectively. Conclusion: LLETZ may be adequately performed for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical dysplasia/cancer based on the results of pap smear and colposcopy without punch biopsy. Cost benefit might be anticipated while cost-effectiveness analysis is necessary in the future.

활성탄을 이용한 낙동강 상수원수의 수처리 효과

임영성,강관호,이홍재,서동철,허종수,손보균,조주식 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.3

상수원수를 보다 효과적으로 처리함으로서 양질의 수돗물을 공급하기 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 낙동강 상수원수를 대상으로 활성탄처리에 의한 공탐체류시간 및 활성탄 여층 깊이에 따른 수처리 효율과 생물활성탄으로서의 이용 가능성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 공탑체류시간(EBCT)에 따른 수처리 효율은 EBCT가 증가할수록 증가되었으나 운전시간이 경과함에 따라 활성탄 흡착능력은 감소되어 처리효율도 서서히 감소하였다. 활성탄 여층깊이에 따른 pH 변화는 활성탄 층 깊이에 따라 거의 없었으며, D0는 활성탄 층 깊이가 깊을수록 서서히 감소하였다. KMnO^4 소비량, UV254 흡광물질 DOC 및 THMFP 처리효율은 활성만 표층으로부터 하부로 내려갈수록 증가하였으며, 운전시간이 경과할수록 활성탄 상층부에 형성되어 있던 흡착대파 하부로 이동하였다. DOC의 상당 부분이 활성탄여과지에 서식하는 미생물 작용에 의해 분해 제거되는 것으로 나타났으며, 운전개시 126일 후의 BAC에서 활성탄 표층으로 부터깊이 20 cm 부근에 미생물이 1.1*10^7 cell/cm^3 이상 존재하는 것으로 관찰되어 생물활성탄 조건을 만족시키고 있었다. This study was carried out to evaluate the pollutant removal efficiencies of the advanced drinking water treatment using mated carbon process. For raw water, Nakdong river was used. From the activated carbon adsorption experiment, the following results were obtained. The efficiency of water treatment enhanced with increase in empty bed contact time. Variation of pH was not detected to the bed depth, but DO content gradually decreased with the bed depth, Removal efficiency of KMnO₄ consumption, UV254 absorption, DOC and THMFP also were increased by increasing in the bed depth. Transition of adsorption zone from upper parts of the bed to the lower parts were detected as treatment periods increased. Large portion of DOCs were degraded and removed by the microbes growing on the surface of activated carbons. Cell numbers of microbes were estimated over 1.1 × 10 exp(7) cell/㎤ at the depth of 20 ㎝ from the surface 126 days after starting operation. The results shown that the activated carbon filter was successfully acted as a biofilm filter.

야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로

조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.

노인 낮병원의 심리사회적 치료 프로그램이 노인의 신경인지기능과 우울 증상에 미치는 효과

유계준,송정은,오병훈,안석균,이홍식,오희철,구은형,황혜숙,이은철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5

노인에게 있어서 신경인지기능의 저하와 우울 증상은 가장 흔한 장애이며 신체적, 정신적인 면에 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 또한 이러한 장애중 비임상군에서 심리사회적 치료개입의 효과가 보고되고 있다. 이러한 측면에서 지역사회에서 노인에게 제공되는 심리사회적 치료개입의 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 이전의 연구에서는 대상이 특정 집단이거나, 비교군이 없거나, 치료효과에 대한 추적 관찰이 이루어지지 않는 등의 제한점이 있었으며, 현재 국내의 노인 낮병원은 소수에 불과하고 이러한 낮병원의 치료효과에 대한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 지역사회 정신보건센터에서 운영하는 노인 낮병원에 참가하는 노인들을 대상으로 낮병원의 심리사회적 프로그램이 노인들의 신경인지기능과 우울 증상에 미치는 효과와 이에 대한 유지 효과의 유무를 알아보고자 하였다. 경기도 광주군 정신보건센터의 노인 낮병원에 참여한 노인을 치료군으로, 치료를 거부하거나 치료 중 탈락한 노인을 비교군으로 하여 10주간의 낮병원 치료전후와 치료종결 후 10주에 신경인지기능은 한국형 간이 정신상태검사(이하 MMSE-K)로, 우울 증상은 단축형노인우울척도(이하 SGDS)로 평가하여 두 군을 비교하였고 치료군의 치료 직후와 치료종결 후 10주를 비교하였다. 연구결과 노인 낮병원의 심리사회적 치료가 시간에 따른 SGDS점수 변화에 통계학적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, MMSE-K점수 변화에는 통계학적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 또한 10주 추시가 가능했던 치료군 중 약 43%가 10주 후 SGDS가 증가하여 호전되었던 우울증상의 악화를 보였다. 본 연구 결과 노인 낮병원의 심리사회적 치료 프로그램 개입은 노인에게 있어서 우울 증상을 호전시키며 신경인지 기능에는 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 상당수에서 심리사회적 치료 개입으로 인한 우울 증상의 호전이 유지되지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 노인우울증상의 치료에 낮병원의 심리사회적 치료 프로그램이 효과적일 수 있음과 치료 후 이를 유지하기 위한 부가적인 치료개입의 필요성을 시사한다. Cognitive impairment and depression are the most common symptoms affecting the elderly on physical and mental states. Studies have shown that these symptoms in mild cases are improved by psychosocial intervention, emphasizing the importance of therapeutic intervention provided in the community. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the psychosocial program at a geriatric day care service has any therapeutic effect on the cognitive function and depressive symptoms in the elderly and whether such effect can be maintained. The experimental group was composed of 37 elderly patients attending the day care service at the mental health center located in Kwangju county, Kyonggi province. The control group was composed of 22 elderly patients who either refused intervention or who dropped out of the program. Cognitive function was assessed with the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Exam(MMSE-K), and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Short-form Geriatric Depression Scale(SGDS). The experimental group and the control group were compared on the score of on each test, which was administered before and after the program and 10 weeks after discontinuation of program. In the experimental group, the scores acquired immediately after the program and at 10 weeks of follow-up were also compared. The results showed that psychosocial intervention at a geriatric day care service was significantly associated with the change in SGDS scores dependent on time but not significantly associated with the change in MMSE-K scores. In the experimental group whose follow-up assessment was possible, it was further shown that 43% of patients had increased SGDS scores 10 weeks after the program ended, indicating that depressive symptoms had worsened. This study suggests that psychosocial therapeutic intervention in the geriatric day care service improve depressive symptoms but not cognitive functions in the elderly. In addition, for a considerable percentage of subjects in the experimental group, the improvements in depressive symptoms were not sustained after the intervention was withdrawn. These findings proposes a need of strengthening therapeutic intervention to maintain such effect.

Administration of encapsulated L-tryptophan improves duodenal starch digestion and increases gastrointestinal hormones secretions in beef cattle

Lee, Sang-Bum,Lee, Kyung-Won,Wang, Tao,Lee, Jae-Sung,Jung, U-Suk,Nejad, Jalil Ghassemi,Oh, Young-Kyoon,Baek, Youl-Chang,Kim, Kyoung Hoon,Lee, Hong-Gu Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.1

Objective: This study investigated the effects of oral administration of rumen-protected L-tryptophan (RPL-T) on duodenal starch digestion and gastrointestinal hormones (GIH) secretions using Hanwoo beef steers as the animal models. Methods: Four steers (423±24 kg) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were employed in a crossover design replicated twice. Treatments were control (basal diet) and RPL-T (basal diet+191.1 mg/kg body weight [BW]) group. Blood and duodenal samples were collected to measure serum GIH levels and pancreatic α-amylase activity at day 0, 1, 3, and 5 (-30, 30, 90, 150, and 210 min) of the study. Samples from each segment of the gastrointestinal tract were collected via ruminal and duodenal cannulas and were used to determine soluble protein and the starch digestion rate at days 6 (-30, 180, 360, and 540 min) and 8 (-30, 90, 270, and 450 min) of the experiment. Results: No significant difference in ruminal pH, NH₃-N, and total volatile fatty acid including the levels of acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, and the acetate-to-propionate ratio was observed between groups (p>0.05). Crude protein uptake was higher and feces starch content was lower in RPL-T group than the control group (p<0.05). The D-glucose contents of feces in RPL-T group decreased at day 5 compared to those in the control group (p<0.05), however, no change was found at day 0, 1, or 3 compared to the control group (p>0.05). Serum cholecystokinin (CCK), melatonin, duodenal pancreatic α-amylase activity, and starch digestion were significantly higher in RPL-T group than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Taken together, oral administration of RPL-T at the rate of 191.1 mg/kg BW consistently increased CCK concentration, pancreatic α-amylase activity in duodenal fluids, and starch digestion rate in the small intestine and thus found to be beneficial.