Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14가 생산하는 내열성 Chitinase의 정체 및 특성

홍범식,윤호근,신동훈,조홍연 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.5

Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14가 생산하는 내열성 chitinase를 30~70% ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Toyopearl 650M, Butyl-Toyopearl 650M, TSK-Gel Toyopearl HW-55F에 의해 정제도 66배, 수율 21%로 전기영동적으로 균일하게 정제하였다. 정제 단백질은 gel permeation chromatography에 의해 86,000±2,000의 분자량을 나타내었으며, SDS 전기영동에 의해 밝혀진 본 효소의 subunit 구조는 monomer였다. 효소 단백질의 안정성을 검토한 결과 80℃에서 30분 열처리에 의해 56%, 37℃에서 20분간 40% ethanol과 ethyl acetate, 단백질 변성제 등의 처리시에도 50% 이상의 잔존활성을 나타냄으로써 공업적으로 유용성이 높은 안정한 단백질로 판명되었다. 효소반응의 최적 pH와 온도는 pH 6.0과 60℃이었고 Mn^2+ 이온에 의해 효소 활성이 저해되었으나 EDTA, N-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzoate 등에 의한 활성감소는 관찰되지 않음으로써 금속효소 또는 thiol계 효소에 속하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 본 효소는 colloidal chitin, 시판용 chitin에는 반응성이 높았으나 exo형 chitinase의 대표적인 기질인 p-nitrophenyl-2-aectamido-2deoxy-β-glucopyranoside, NN'-diacetylchitobiose에는 전혀 반응성을 보이지 않는 전형적인 endo형의 chitinase였다. 본 효소는 colloidal chitin으로부터 주로 (GlcNAc)_2를, 반응시간 경과에 따라 (GlcNAc)_1과 (GlcNAc)_3을 생성하는 반응성을 보였다. Chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) from culture fluid of Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14 was purified 66-folds to homogenity in overall yield of 21% by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Toyopearl, Butyl-Toyopearl and TSK-Gel HW-55F column chromatography. The enzyme protein had a molecular weight of about 86,000 and was composed of one subunit. The enzyme was significantly stable not only at high temperature but also on treatment with organic solvents and protein denaturants such as SDS, urea and guanidine·HCl. The optimum temperature and pH for reaction was 60℃ and 6.0,respectively. The enzyme activity was inhibited by only Mn^2+ ion, but not inhibited by EDTA, N-ethylmaleimide and pCMB. The enzyme had high activity with colloidal chitin (V_max: 421) and commercial chitin (V_max :480), but not with typical substrates of exo type chitinase. The thermostable chitinase had an useful reactivity for producing functional chitooligosaccharide, showing the production of (GlcNAc)_1, (GlcNAc)_3, and (GlcNAc)_2 as major product.

내열성 Chitinase 생산균주의 분리 및 효소생산 특성

홍범식,윤호근,신동훈,조홍연 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.5

자연계 고온환경으로부터 내열성 chitinase 우수하고 반응산물로 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 이량체(GlcNAc)_2를 생산하는 균주를 분리 선별하고 Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14로 동정하였다. 선별균주의 효소생산 특성은 탄소원으로서 효소기질인 colloidal chitin이 첨가될 때만이 생합성이 유도되었으며 유도제의 첨가시기에 의해 효소생산이 크게 영향을 받았다. 각종 무기, 유기태 질소원 중 yeast extract가 활성과 비활성을 각각 약 2배 증가시켰으며 높은 친화도를 나타내었다. 균의 최대생육과 효소의 최대생산온도는 55℃이었다. 본 균주의 내열성 chitinase 생산에 미치는 최적배양조건은 1.2% colloidal chitin, 0.15% K_2HPO_4, 0.05% KH_2PO_4 0.01% MgSO_4·7H_2O, 0.1% yeast extract, pH 6.5의 배지를 55℃, 150rpm에서 40시간 회전진탕배양 하였을 때로 3.89 units/ml의 효소활성과 7.4 units/mg의 비활성을 나타내었다. A strain capable of producing thermostable chitinase suitable for chitooligosaccharide production was isolated from high temperature environment and identified as Bacillus licheniformis. The chitinase from Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14 was only induced by addition of colloidal chitin into the basal medium as carbon source, showing the decrease of the chitinase production by supplemental addition of other carbon sources into the medium containing 1.0% colloidal chitin. Among organic and inorganic nitrogen sources, yeast extract was the most effective for the increase of total activity and specific activity, and had high affinity for the enzyme production. The optimum temperature of cell growth and thermostable chitinase production was 55℃. The optimum culture medium was composed of 1.2% colloidal chitin, 0.15% K_2HPO_4, 0.05% KH_2PO_4 0.01% MgSO_4·7H_2O, 0.1% yeast extract (pH 6.5). Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14 produced the thermostable chitinase of 3.89 units per culture fluid and 7.4 units per mg protein under rotary shaking at 150 rpm for 40 hr.

항공기용 단순싸이클식 공기냉동기의 작동성능 모사

김범신,부준홍 한국항공대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

최소한 제한된 용도의 범위에서 공기압축식 냉동싸이클(ACM)의 성능을 전형적인 증기압축식 냉동싸이클의 성능과 비교될 만큼 향상시킬수 있는 가능성이 검토되었다. 몇가지 종류의 ACM중 단순식 싸이클을 연구대상으로 선택한 이유는 장치구성이 간단하고 경량이며 제조비용이 상대적으로 저렴하기 때문이다. 선정된 시스템의 성능을 모사하기 위해 수치적인 절차가 수립되었으며 각 주요 구성요소의 성능과 관련된 변수들을 고려하기 위해 수치 프로그램에 적절한 방정식들이 이용되었다. ACM의 성능계수와 냉각효과를 향상시키는 중요한 인자는 엔진에서 추가되는 블리드 공기의 온도와 압력이다. 충분히 낮은 온도와 높은 압력으로 bleed air가 ACM에 공급된다면 그 성능은 증기압축식 시스템의 성능과 비교될 수 있다. 더우기 시스템의 성능은 터빈의 팽창과정전 열교환기의 거동에 거의 비례한다. 따라서 별도의 압력용기를 이용하여 터빈으로 유입되기전 냉매공기를 냉각시킬 수 있다면 시스템의 냉각효과는 향상되리라 기대된다. An air-cycle machine(ACM) was investigated for the possibility of improving its performance to a comparable level, at least in a limited range of usage, with the conventional vapor-compression type refregeration system. A simple-cycle system was studied among several types of ACM for its brevity in structure, light weight and low manufacturing cost. A numerical procedure was established to simulate the performance of the selected system. Appropriate equations were incorporated into a computer program to account for associated performance variables in each major component: heat exchanger, fan, and turbine. The major factors for improving the coefficient of performance and the cooling effect of the ACM were identified as the temperature and the pressure of the inlet bleed air from the engine. Provided that some means are adopted to lower the temperature and to increase the pressure of the bleed air, the simple-cycle ACM may exhibit a comparable performance with the vapor compression system. In addition, the system performance showed almost proportional behavior to that of the heat exchanger prior to the turbine expansion. Use of a separate pressure tank which allows the compressed air to cool down before expantion is suggested to enhance the cooling effect.

본태성 고혈압이 동반된 당뇨병환자의 혈중 인슐린 농도

양동호,홍세용,성기범,안무영,윤신구,박형국,양광익,황주호,신현길 순천향의학연구소 1997 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.3 No.1

Multiple lines of evidence link elevated blood pressure with diabetes mellitus. Specifically, it has been proposed that resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and hyperinsulinemia may play a central role in the cause and clinical course of hypertension. In diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and/or hyperinsulinemia is an common finding and it is interesting whether the hyperinsulinemia may play a signigicant role in hypertension with DM in the same way as in essential hypertension without diabetes mellitus. The object of this study was to compare insulin and c-peptide levels between age, sex, and obesity matched two groups(DM with DM without hypertension). Method The study group consisted of 55 male diabetes mellitus patients, aged between 45-55 (years). Patients with obesity (body mass index · 30 ㎏/m2), renal disease (proteinuria · 300 ㎎/24hr urine), and secondary hypertension were excluded. Insulin and c-peptide were measured in overnight fasting state and after oral administration of glucose(75 gm). In the fasting, venous plasma glucose levels were similar in the hypertensive and control group(132 ±7 ㎎/dl vs 135 ±8 ㎎/dl). In the fasting, venous plasma insulin levels were higher in the hypertensive than in the control group (10.9 ±5.3 μIU/ml vs 5.5 ±3.9 μIU/ml, p = 0.0001). After loading with 75 gm glucose, venous plasma insulin level seems to be higher in the hypertensive patients than in the control patients, but the difference was not signigicant statistically (27.2 ±17.5 μIU/ml vs 19.9 ±18.9 μIU/ml, p = 0.1297). The mean insulin concentration of the essential hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus was twice that of the normotensive patients with diabetes mellitus. In control group, there was a direct relations between insulin level and c-peptide, in both fasting state (R = 0.617, p = 0.0001) and glucose-loaded state (R = 0.531, p = 0.001). But in hypertensive group, there was no relations between insulin level and c-peptide, in both fasting state (R = 0.257, p = 0.2738) and glucose-loaded state (R = 0.307, p = 0.1885).

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

항정신병약물 사용 중인 정신분열병 환자에서 올란자판으로의 교체 방법에 관한 연구(II) : Comparison of Safety 안전성 비교

안용민,권용실,권준수,민성호,박두병,양문정,소형석,송종호,신윤식,우행원,유범희,이홍석,정한용,한창환,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.5

연구목적: 이 다기관 공동임상연구는 사용 중인 항정신병약물을 ’직접 교체 방법’또는 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’중 한 가지 방법으로 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, 안정성 측면에서 두 교체 방법 간의 비교와 교체후의 변화를 관찰하기 위한 것이다. 방법: 국내 13개 병원의 입원 및 외래에 내원한 환자들 중 ICD-10 지단기준으로 정신분열병에 해당되며, 임상적으로 항정신병약물 교체가 필요한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 두 가지 교체 방법 중 한 가지를 무작위로 피험자에 적용하였으며, ’직접 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우에는 사용중인 항정신병약물을 일시에 중단하고 10㎎의 올란자핀을 바로 투여하였고, ’시작-감량 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우는 10㎎의 올란자핀 투여하고 2주에 걸쳐서 기존 약물을 감량하여 중단하였다. 올란자핀 사용기간은 총 6주이며, 용량은 5∼20㎎ 범위로 제한하였다. 한정성 평가를 위해서 체중, 생명징후, 자발적인 이상반응 복, 실험실 검사 그리고 Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes akathisia rating scale(BARS), Abnormal involuntary movement scale(AIMS). Liverpool University neuroleptic side effect rating scale(LUNSERS)등을 이용하였다. 결과: 총 103명의 정신분열병 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 사용한 올란자핀의 용량, 벤조디아제핀의 병용률, 탈락률과 탈락 사유, 자발적인 이상반응 보고, 생명징후, 실험실 검사 그리고 대부분의 부작용 척도 상에서 임상적으로 의미 있는 차이를 두 교체 방법간에 발견하지 못하였다. 다만 AIMS의 감소는 ’직접 교체 방법’군에서 보다 적었고, 항콜린제의 병용률은 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’군에서 보다 많았다. 기저 상태에서 전체 피험자의 SAS와 BARS 점수는 각각 3.5점과 1.8점이었으며 70% 이상의 피험자가 고프로락틴 혈증을 보였다. 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, SAS, BARS, AIMS 점수의 유의한 감소가 있었으며 고프로락틴 혈증을 보인 피험자 분율도 약 30%이하로 감소하였다. 그러나 교체 방법과 상관없이 올란자핀 교체 후 유의한 체중 증가가 있었다. 결론: 이 연구를 통해 교체 방법에 관계없이 비교적 안전하고 용이하게 올란자핀으로 교체 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 기존 항정신병약물을 올란자핀으로 교체함으로써 일부 부작용들을 줄일 수 있음을 간접적으로 관찰할 수 있었다. 하지만 이 연구는 여러 제한점과 문제점을 지니고 있기 때문에 보다 체계적인 연구를 통해 검정이 필요하리라 생각된다. Objectives: This multicenter clinical trial involving 13 hospital sites compared the safely of switching to olanzapine between ’direct switching method’ and ’start-tapering switching method’. Method: This study included both inpatients and outpatients who fulfilled the criteria for schizophrenia as defined in the ICD-10, and were in need to be appropriate for switching antipsychotics. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two switching methods. For ’direct switching method’group, previous antipsychotics were abruptly discontinued and 10㎎ of olanzapine was administered, and previous antipsychotics was gradually tapered for 2 weeks. Olanzapine was used for 6 weeks and the dose was adjusted within the range of 5-20㎎. The safety of switching to olanzapine was measured with vital sings including body weight, adverse events reported spontaneously, laboratory tests, and various scales such as Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale(BARS). Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS), and Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale(LUNSERS). Results: 103 patients were switched to olanzapine in this study. The comparison between two switching methods did not show any significant difference in the dosage of olanzapine used, the concomitant use of benzodiazepine, the rate and reasons of drop-out, the adverse events, vital signs, laboratory tests, and most scales for measuring side-effects. However, the decrease in AIMS scores was significantly lower in ’direct switching method’ group, and the concomitant use of anticholinergics was comparatively greater in ’start-tapering switching method’ group. At baseline, SAS and BARS scores were 3.5 and 1.8 points respectively, and more than 70% of the subjects showed hyperprolactinemia. After switching to olanzapine, SAS, BARS, and AIMS scores were significantly decreased and the proportion of the patients with hyperprolactinemia was also decreased to less than 30%. However significant weight gain after the treatment of olanzapine was observed regardless of switching method. Conclusion: This study may suggest that switching to olanzapine can be done with relatively high safety regardless of switching methods and olanzapine can significantly decrease some side-effects induced by other antipsychotics.

The Effects of Service Quality on Service Orientation and Perception of Professionalism in the Private Sport Center

Shin, Hong-Bum(신홍범),Choi, Hwan-Suk(최환석) 한국체육과학회 2018 한국체육과학회지 Vol.27 No.3

The purpose of this study is to suggest a basic data to devise a strategic plan for providing an efficient service by analyzing the influence of service quality of the sports centers to service orientation and professionalism. The conclusion is as follows. First, service leadership, service encounter, and human resource management factors ar influenced by the facility of the service quality, instructors, and operation management factors. Second, facility of the service quality, leader, operation management factor have an effect on the instructional method of professional perception, human relationships, and business management factor. Third, service leadership, service encounter, and human resource management factor affect instructional method of professional perception, human relationships, and business management factor. It is recognized that service quality which has an effect on the positive response from the members of the sports center towards the facility along with the repurchase intention and continuous participation influences service orientation and perception of professionalism. According to the result of this study, the instructors of the sports center having a direct mutual relationship with the members should provide a quality service as well as have a thoughtful consideration towards the members for sociable relationship.

Developing SPORT LEGACY through Post-Use of Mega-Sport Event Facilities: The Case of Winter Sport

Shin Hong-bum J-INSTITUTE 2020 Public Value Vol.5 No.1

Hosting mega-sport events can benefit various areas, including the economy, society, culture, and environment. In detail, a sport event not only promotes the sale of sporting goods and the operation of sports facilities, but also affects various corporate activities such as promotion, advertisement, and product promotion of sports as an opportunity and means for sports to develop into an industry itself. In addition, the promotion effect of not only the host city, but also the companies and tourism resources that are located there can promote the competitiveness of local industries and vitalize the local economy and exert various influence on the community and residents, including enhancing the image of the host city and raising the brand value. It is true that mega events such as the Olympics are national events that bring together the capabilities of the host region, drawing attention from the public through direct and indirect positive economic effects such as enhancing the brand image of the hosting countries, creating jobs, and boosting tourism. Unlike the Summer Olympics and the World Cup, however, winter sports events involve huge investments in building infrastructure for stadiums, athletes villages, and other facilities because the number of participating countries and athletes is small and the games are held in areas away from the city. In addition, the use of facilities is relatively difficult compared to summer sports events as they are often held in sparsely populated mountainous areas. Therefore, due to the failure of post-utilization of one-time installations, in which the competition is held in a flashy manner amid the concentration of global attention, its role and function are extinguished after the event, so the government is facing serious reality such as huge facility maintenance and interest repayment on investment costs. Therefore, this study considered the post-use of mega-sport event facilities and reviewed the plan for post-use of the winter sports stadium, and based on this, presented strategic measures to maximize the post-utilization of sports facilities to increase the legacy of mega-sport events, especially winter sports events. The following conclusions were obtained: First, it is necessary to maximize variable elements in the stadium construction phase to enable the use of various facilities(multi-purpose complexes, multi-functional facilities, mobile facilities, etc.) Second, to minimize the construction costs of sports facilities and avoid excess or redundancy, the distribution of sports facilities and the selection of sports hub cities should be made (selection and concentration considering sports events and venues) Third, a construction plan is needed to cover facilities targets not only for professional athletes and local residents, but also for visitors and travelers(overcoming the limitations of winter sports and demographic limitations of host cities, and reviewing the utilization of tourists). Fourth, various programs related to winter sports need to be developed (increasing efficiency in the utilization of winter sports facilities, linking the cultural industry such as four-season entertainment and concert halls). Fifth, they need to be commercialized for tourism(attracting foreign visitors and tourists through the development of various tourist products, such as sports experience and stadium tour).

Risk Management Plan for SAFETY of Sport Facilities in Republic of KOREA

Shin Hong-bum,Choi Hwan-suk J-INSTITUTE 2017 International Journal of Crisis & Safety Vol.2 No.2

As growing the size of sport industry, every person has witnessed a dramatic rise in the popularity of various forms of sport activities such as fitness, water sport, outdoor sport, bike, ball games, etc. Participation in sport programs is a natural way for most people to be physically active, and the opportunities to take part in organized sports have increased markedly during the last decades. However, participation in sport activities increases the risk of sports and facility-related injuries because risks are inherent in sport and even the safest programs can never avoid accidents and injuries. As the increase in participation of sport activities over the years, it is widely believed that sports injuries are becoming more and more prevalent - across all age groups in nationwide. With-out the well-developed risk management plans, however, poorly run programs could result in a negative reputa-tion as well as a financial loss for the organizations. The use of appropriate risk management strategies is the best way to reduce the risk from occurring in the first place. According to the previous study, existing a formal risk management plan in sport organization can reduce the injury rates of participants and improve quality of service for participants of sport programs. In addition, a risk management plan can reduce money paid for loss claims as well as maintain the safety of services. Therefore, the purpose of study is to explore the impact of risk management, to discuss risk assessment and analysis, to addresses the need for risk assessment at sport facilities, and finally to describe the sport-specific risk management plan(RMP) developed while conducting research through the literatures for sport professions to reduce the risks and hazards anticipated in so that the sport organizations could avoid unforeseeable litigation, defamation, financial loss, accidents and injuries of personnel. The D.I.M. process should be used as an effective way to establish a proper risk management plan that will assist organizations in decreasing unwanted losses. This process consists of three steps as follows: 1) developing RMP, 2) implementing RMP, and 3) managing RMP. Developing a risk management plan, the first step of the D.I.M. process consists of three detailed stages: 1) Identifying risks, 2) Classifying risks, and 3) selecting methods of treatment for the risks. The next step in the D.I.M. process consists of implementing the risk management plan. Implementation means communication with all employees and the risk manager should impart to them that communication is critically important in order to put the risk management plan into practice. The final compo-nent of the D.I.M. process is to manage the RMP. In the managing the RMP step, hiring or selection of a risk manager or a risk management committee, providing the risk manager or committee with the authority to lead, and providing employees with the opportunity for continual input into the RMP are executed. The last process for RMP is risk management audit to review their process through a good feedback system. A risk management audit is a formal review of the plan that attempts to cover all pertinent legal aspects of the organization. Managing risk is to make the question “What if” and always have an answer for it. Sport related facility su-pervisors, program providers, or instructors have the responsibility to follow policies, consider all possible risks or take precautions and appropriate safety measures in order to reduce financial or personnel risks.

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( Shin Il Kim ),( Hyun Suk Youk ),( Myung Shin Han ),( Shin Koo Yeo ),( Nam Shik Kim ),( Hong Hee Kim ),( Zang Hee Lee ),( Byoung S. Kwon ),( Kyu Bum Kwack ) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2001 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2001 No.-