MIN 모듈을 갖는 Hidden Markov Model의 학습 방법에 관한 연구

김대극,이정주,정호균,이상희 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2001 정보통신논문지 Vol.5 No.-

In this paper, we propose the HMM with the MIN module. Because initial and re-estimated variance vectors are important elements for performance in HMM recognition systems, we propose a method which compensates for the mismatched statistical feature of training and test data. The MIN module is an element of the generalized learning vector quantization (GLVQ) network, which generalizes learning conditions of LVQ and minimizes errors of the cost function given to generate optimized reference vectors. The proposed hybrid HMM/MIN module is a unified network in which the observation probability in the HMM is replaced by the MIN module neural network. Two kinds of experiments were performed to compare the performance of the proposed HMM and the conventional HMM.

입원환자를 대상으로 한 대집단 싸이코드라마의 치료요인 연구

이후경,김선재,윤성철,이규항,홍향희,함웅 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 : 본 연구는 개인정신치료와 집단정신치료의 훈련을 받은 정신과 의사라면 누구든지 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 우리나라 입원환자에게 적합한 대집단 싸이코드라마의 모델을 개발하고, 이를 입원환자에게 적용한 후 치료요인을 조사하여, 입원환자 치료에 도움이 되고자 하는 목적으로 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 본 연구는 1998년 3월부터 1998년 9월까지 계요병원 입원환자 싸이코드라마에 참가한 모든 환자들과, 보조자아로 참석한 모든 치료팀을 대상으로 하였다. 대상자는 환자가 346명(남자 152명, 여자 194명)이었고, 치료팀은 총 60명이었다. 환자에게는 13가지 치료요인 척도, 싸이코드라마에 대한 일반적인 태도 척도, 도움이 되었던 점에 대해 기술하도록 한 설문지를 사용하였으며, 치료팀에게는 13가지 치료요인과 환자에게 도움이 되었던 점에 대해 기술하도록 한 설문지를 사용하였다. 환자집단은 관객, 보조자아의 역할을 한 환자, 공유(sharing)시간에 참여한 환자, 주인공으로 나누어 치료요인을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 먼저, 환자의 관점에서 본 치료요인은 다음과 같다. 1) 싸이코드라마에서의 역할에 관계없이 거의 대부분의 환자집단에서 실존적 인지와 일차가족집단의 교정적 감정경험을 매우 중시하였다. 2) 주인공, 보조자아의 역할을 한 환자, 공유시간에 참여한 환자와 같이 어떤 형태로든 싸이코드라마에 직접적으로 참여한 환자들은 사회화 기술의 발달을 중시하였으며, 보다 직접적인 형태인 행동으로 참가한 주인공이나 보조자아의 경우 카타르시스를 중시하였다. 3) 주인공을 제외한 모든 환자들은 희망의 고취를 중시하였다. 4) 관객의 경우 치료자와 환자에 대한 동일시와 보편성을 중시하였다. 환자와의 동일시는 공유에 참가한 환자의 경우 특히 중시하였고, 보편성은 보조자아로 참가한 환자의 경우 또한 중시하였다. 다음으로 치료팀이 평가한 치료요인을 환자들이 평가한 치료요인과 비교하면, 치료팀은 환자들보다 집단응집력을 더 중시하였으며, 반면 환자들이 중시한 사회화 기술의 발달과 치료자나 환자에 대한 동일시는 매우 낮게 평가하였다. 결 론 : 환자들의 역할에 따라 세분화하여 조사한 치료요인을 통해 입원환자 대집단 싸이코드라마의 특성과 환자의 역할에 따른 치료요인의 특성을 파악할 수 있었다. 본 모델은 입원환자 치료에 쉽게 적용될 수 있었으며, 전체적으로 많은 환자들에게 도움이 되었다. Objectives : This study was performed to make a model of large group psychodrama suitable for Korean inpatients and easy for psychiatrists trained in the individual psychotherapy and the group psychotherapy to use, to investigate the therapeutic factors after applying this model to inpatients, and then to contribute to the treatment of inpatients. Methods : The study subjects were all the inpatients and the therapists(the auxiliary ego's) who participated in psychodrama from March 1998 to September 1998. The subjects were composed of 346 inpatients (152 males, 194 female) and 60 therapists. To the inpatients 13-Therapeutic Factors Scale, Scale of General Attitude to Psychodrama, and the Questionnaire describing helpful things in psychodrama were administerd. To the therapists 13-Therapeutic Factors Scale and the Questionnaire describing helpful things in psychodrama were administered. The inpatient group were divided into 4 groups(the audience, the auxiliary ego's, the participants in sharing, the protagonists). The therapeutic factors among 4 groups were compared. Results : First, the therapeutic factors described by the inpatients group were as follows : 1) Most inpatients made great account of ‘existential factor’ and ‘the corrective recapitulation of the primary family group’ regardless of their roles in psychodrama. 2) The inpatients who participated in psychodrama directly as the protagonists, the auxiliary ego's, or the participants in sharing made much account of ‘development of socializing techniques’. The inpatients who participated in psychodrama more directly as the protagonists or the auxiliary ego's made much account of ‘catharsis’. 3) All the inpatients except the protagonists made much account of ‘instillation of hope’. 4) The audience made much account of 'identification' and 'universality'. Especially,'identification with members' was much accounted of by the participants in sharing. ‘Universality’ also was much accounted of by the auxiliary ego's. Next, when we compared the therapeutic factors in the inpatient group with those in the therapist group, the therapist group made much account of ‘group cohesiveness’ which the inpatient group made little account of. And the therapist group made no account of ‘development of socializing techniques’which the inpatient group made much account of. Conclusion : By dividing the inpatient group according to their roles, we found the characteristics of the inpatient large group psychodrama and of the therapeutic factors according to the roles of the inpatients. This model could be applied to the treatment for the inpatients easily and was helpful to many inpatients on the whole.

독거노인과 가족동거노인의 신체적 건강상태와 건강행위에 관한 연구

장은희,김후자,권경남,정귀애,김연화,이인혜 영남이공대학 2004 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the physical health status and health behavior practice of in-home elderly in order to provide basic data for effective nursing intervention to promote health and quality of life. Method : The subjects for this study were 299 elderly persons in the D city. Data were collected by interview with questionnaires. Result : The ratio of chronic disease was higher for the elderly who live alone than the elderly who live with family. Arthritis was the most common chronic disease of the elderly in spite of the fact that either they live alone or live with family. The physical health status score of the elderly who live with family was statistically higher than the elderly who live alone. The health behavior score of the elderly who live with family was statistically higher than the elderly who live alone. Conclusion : To promote health behavior of the elderly, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention that considers sociocultural tradition and demographic character.

폐 내 병변으로 인한 소아 급성 호흡부전의 원인 질환과 예후

이혜영,박지숙,최희라,서지현,김점수,임재영,최명범,박찬후,우향옥,윤희상 대한소아과학회 2004 小兒科 Vol.47 No.5

Comparison of Genetic Toxicity Between Chitosan and EDTA in Mice

Kim, Kwang Yoon,Kim, Young Ho,Kim, Hee Kyung,Bom, Hee Seung,Kim, Ji Yeul,Lee, Eung Hoo 한국키틴키토산학회 1998 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.3 No.3

자연계에 풍부하게 존재하고 있는 키틴에서 제조한 키토산은 건강보조 식품 및 다양한 방면에서 사용되어지고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 일반적으로 사용되어지고 있는 화학적 흡착제인 EDTA와 천연 착화제인 키토산의 독성을 비교하였다. 독성은 혈액 구성 인자와 염색체 이상 검사를 이용하여 세포유전학적 독성에 대해 비교하였다. 이를 위하여 숫컷 마우스에 EDT 수용성 키토산 및 불용성 키토산을 일반 먹이에 농도별로 달러 혼합한 후 7일동안 섭취하게 한 후 혈액 및 염색체내의 유전독성을 상호 비교하였다. 결과로서, EDTA 및 키토산을 처리하지 않은 대조군에 비하여 키토산을 처리한 실험군에서는 농도에 상관없이 혈액 및 유전독성은 피해를 나타내지 않아 천연 착화제인 키토산은 고농도로 섭취한 경우에서도 안전성이 있는 것으로 판정되었다. 그러나, 화학 착화제인 EDTA의 경우는 실험기간동안 유전독성 및 혈액 구성치의 전반적으로 독성을 나타내었다. 결론적으로, 키토산을 경구 투여한 경우에서 인간에게 독성을 유발하지 않을것으로 사료되었다. Chitin is the second most abundant natural biopolymer in the world, next to cellulose, contains amino sugars which is found as a component of crustacean shells. Chitosan is a deacetylated product of chitin and it has been applied in the field of healthy food and other industries. This study was purposed to investigate the toxicity of natural chelator chitosan for the safe utilization. The blood cell composition and chromosomal aberration were studied after chitosan and EDTA feeding in mice. There was no specific differences at the changes of blood cell numbers and micronucleus numbers between chitosan feeding and normal feeding state. General chitosan prepared for food did not show genetic aberrations. Natural chelator chitosan was more stable in the blood cell numbers and chromosomal aberration. With this result, the study on the natural chelator of chitosan is needed and the clinical application is recommended. The cytogenetic toxicity of the natural chelator, chitosan was investigated comparing with the chemical chelator, EDTA in male ICR mice. Chitosan and EDTA powder food were supplied orally to mice for one week. In the blood components, micronucleus numbers and chromosomal aberration, chitosan groups did not appear any aberration. On the other hand, high toxicities were observed in the EDTA groups throughout the experimental period. As the result, the oral treatment of chitosan estimated to have no side effects in humans from the results in this study.

Influence of Oxygen Consumption on Pregnancy Rates of Hanwoo Calves following Embryo Transfer

Kim, Hyun,Bok, Nan-Hee,Kim, Sung-Woo,Do, Yoon-Jung,Seong, Hwan-Hoo,Kim, Jae-Hwan,Kim, Dong Hun,Kim, Min-Kyu,Ko, Yeoung-Gyu 한국수정란이식학회 2014 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Recently, several approaches have been used to measure the oxygen consumption rates of individual embryos, but relationship between oxygen consumption and pregnancy rates of Hanwoo following embryo transfer has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the correlation between oxygen consumption rate and pregnancy rates of Hanwoo embryo using a SECM. In addition to, the expression of apoptosis-related genes was determined using real-time PCR by extracting RNA according to the oxygen consumption of in vivo embryo. First, we found that the oxygen consumption significantly increased in blastocyst-stage embryos (blastocyst) compared to early blastocyst stage embryos, indicating that oxygen consumption reflects the embryo quality (Grade I). The oxygen consumption or GI blastocysts were significantly higher than those of GII blastocysts (10.2x1014/mol s-1 versus 6.4x1014/mol s-1, p<0.05). Pregnant rate in recipient cow was 0, 60 and 80% in the transplantation of embryo with the oxygen consumption of below 10.0, 10.0~12.0 and over 12.0x1014/mol s-1, respectively. Apoptosis regulatory genes, Hsp-70.1 were significantly increased in over-10.0 group than below 10.0 group but in Caspase-3, Bax and P53 gene, there was no significant difference. In conclusion, These results suggest that measurement of oxygen consumption maybe help increase the pregnant rate of Hanwoo embryos.

Preclinical development of a humanized neutralizing antibody targeting HGF

Kim, Hyori,Hong, Sung Hee,Kim, Jung Yong,Kim, In-Chull,Park, Young-Whan,Lee, Song-Jae,Song, Seong-Won,Kim, Jung Ju,Park, Gunwoo,Kim, Tae Min,Kim, Yun-Hee,Park, Jong Bae,Chung, Junho,Kim, In-Hoo Nature Publishing Group 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.3

<P>Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, cMET, play critical roles in cell proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion in a wide variety of cancers. We therefore examined the anti-tumor activity of the humanized monoclonal anti-HGF antibody, YYB-101, in nude mice bearing human glioblastoma xenografts as a single agent or in combination with temozolomide. HGF neutralization, The extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, and HGF-induced scattering were assessed in HGF-expressing cell lines treated with YYB-101. To support clinical development, we also evaluated the preclinical pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics in cynomolgus monkeys, and human and cynomolgus monkey tissue was stained with YYB-101 to test tissue cross-reactivity. We found that YYB-101 inhibited cMET activation <I>in vitro</I> and suppressed tumor growth in the orthotopic mouse model of human glioblastoma. Combination treatment with YYB-101 and temozolomide decreased tumor growth and increased overall survival compared with the effects of either agent alone. Five cancer-related genes (TMEM119, FST, RSPO3, ROS1 and NBL1) were overexpressed in YYB-101-treated mice that showed tumor regrowth. In the tissue cross-reactivity assay, critical cross-reactivity was not observed. The terminal elimination half-life was 21.7 days. Taken together, the <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> data demonstrated the anti-tumor efficacy of YYB-101, which appeared to be mediated by blocking the HGF/cMET interaction. The preclinical pharmacokinetics, toxicokinetics and tissue cross-reactivity data support the clinical development of YYB-101 for advanced cancer.</P>

자궁경부 미세침윤암 치료 후 난소에서 발생한 편평상피세포암

김현희 ( Hyun Hee Kim ),이향 ( Hyang Lee ),김호아 ( Ho A Kim ),김문홍 ( Moon Hong Kim ),김성일 ( Seong Il Kim ),최석철 ( Seock Chul Choi ),유상영 ( Sang Young Ryu ),이경희 ( Kyung Hee Lee ),박선후 ( Sun Hoo Park ) 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.11

Squamous cell carcinoma of the ovary is rare. It is considered to be associated with benign cystic teratoma, Brenner tumor and ovarian endometriosis which undergo malignant degeneration in their epithelial layers. Although ovarian metastasis from advanced

Low-mass-ion discriminant equation: A new concept for colorectal cancer screening

Lee, Jun Hwa,Kim, Kyung-Hee,Park, Ji-Won,Chang, Hee Jin,Kim, Byung Chang,Kim, Sun Young,Kim, Kwang Gi,Lee, Eun Sook,Kim, Dae Yong,Oh, Jae Hwan,Yoo, Byong Chul,Kim, In-Hoo BlackWell Publishing Ltd 2014 International journal of cancer: Journal internati Vol.134 No.8

<P>Blood metabolites can be detected as low-mass ions (LMIs) by mass spectrometry (MS). These LMIs may reflect the pathological changes in metabolism that occur as part of a disease state, such as cancer. We constructed a LMI discriminant equation (LOME) to investigate whether systematic LMI profiling might be applied to cancer screening. LMI information including <I>m</I>/<I>z</I> and mass peak intensity was obtained by five independent MALDI-MS analyses, using 1,127 sera collected from healthy individuals and cancer patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), breast cancer (BRC), gastric cancer (GC) and other types of cancer. Using a two-stage principal component analysis to determine weighting factors for individual LMIs and a two-stage LMI selection procedure, we selected a total of 104 and 23 major LMIs by the LOME algorithms for separating CRC from control and rest of cancer samples, respectively. CRC LOME demonstrated excellent discriminating power in a validation set (sensitivity/specificity: 93.21%/96.47%). Furthermore, in a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) of available validation samples, the discriminating power of CRC LOME was much stronger (sensitivity/specificity: 94.79%/97.96%) than that of the FOBT (sensitivity/specificity: 50.00%/100.0%), which is the standard CRC screening tool. The robust discriminating power of the LOME scheme was reconfirmed in screens for BRC (sensitivity/specificity: 92.45%/96.57%) and GC (sensitivity/specificity: 93.18%/98.85%). Our study demonstrates that LOMEs might be powerful noninvasive diagnostic tools with high sensitivity/specificity in cancer screening. The use of LOMEs could potentially enable screening for multiple diseases (including different types of cancer) from a single sampling of LMI information.</P>

Thermophotovoltaic performance of a porous medium combustor with external heat recovery and multiple injectors

Hee Kyung Kim,Tae Young Kim,Young Hoo Kim,Young Jong Ahn,Young-Seok Kim,Oh Chae Kwon 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.8

To improve the performance of a meso-scale thermophotovoltaic (TPV) power device, the internal heat recirculation using porous media (PM) is applied to a TPV combustor with external heat recovery and multiple injectors, which was developed in the previous study of this laboratory. The combustion performance of the PM-inserted combustor is evaluated, and then the TPV performance is demonstrated for practical applications, using the meso-scale TPV device that consists of the PM combustor with various emitters, a module of 96 gallium antimonide cells and a cooling device and was not considered in the previous study. The present TPV device adopting a MgO emitter could be used in meso-scale power generation systems, particularly for military applications, if the device size and weight and the noise level are considered along with the TPV performance (i.e., the maximum output power of 18.9 W) that is evaluated to be suitable for the meso-scale power device.