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Kang, In-Ku,Reddy, Y. Ashok Kumar,Shin, Young Bong,Kim, Woo Young,Lee, Hee Chul Elsevier 2018 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.44 No.7
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study aims to investigate the influence of substitutionally incorporated Li on sensing performance of nickel oxide films for bolometer applications by comparing Ni<SUB>1-<I>x</I> </SUB>O and (Li<SUB> <I>y</I> </SUB>Ni<SUB>1-<I>y</I> </SUB>)<SUB>1-<I>x</I> </SUB>O films. From the results of structural analysis, it was confirmed that the film deposited from Li<SUB>0.2</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.8</SUB>O target contained Li which substitutionally occupies the Ni cation site while maintaining a cubic NiO structure. The substitutionally incorporated Li in nickel oxide can serve as an acceptor providing a hole carrier, like as a structural defect. However, in contrast to the structural defect, the substitutional incorporation of Li made it possible to increase the number of hole carriers in nickel oxide film while maintaining excellent film quality. In addition, the contact resistance with electrode was greatly reduced as a result of the substitutionally incorporated Li. These changes in structural and electrical properties lead to a significant reduction of 1/<I>f</I> noise arisen from the (Li<SUB> <I>y</I> </SUB>Ni<SUB>1-<I>y</I> </SUB>)<SUB>1-<I>x</I> </SUB>O film. As a result, the sensing performance of the (Li<SUB> <I>y</I> </SUB>Ni<SUB>1-<I>y</I> </SUB>)<SUB>1-<I>x</I> </SUB>O film as evaluated using the (<I>α</I> <SUB> <I>H</I> </SUB>/<I>n</I>)<SUP>1/2</SUP>/|<I>β</I>| value was nearly 10 times better than that of the Ni<SUB>1-<I>x</I> </SUB>O film. Consequently, it can be concluded that the substitutional incorporation of Li can significantly improve the sensing performance of nickel oxide films for bolometer applications.</P>
Reddy, Y. Ashok Kumar,Kang, In-Ku,Shin, Young Bong,Lee, Hee Chul Elsevier 2017 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.43 No.12
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of oxygen atmosphere annealing on the bolometric properties of Nb: TiO<SUB>2−x</SUB> samples for infrared detectors. We conducted the structural and composition analyses of as-deposited and annealed samples. The structural properties demonstrate an improvement in the film crystallinity and the composition analysis confirms the compensation of oxygen vacancies though post-deposition annealing in an oxygen atmosphere. A test device was fabricated to find the bolometric properties of the resistivity, temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), 1/f noise parameter, bolometric parameter (β) and thermal stability. The logarithmic decrement of the resistivity with the temperature confirms that both the as-deposited and annealed test device samples show typical semiconducting behavior. Meanwhile, the annealed samples show lower TCR values while they have high resistivity due to their small changes in resistance with the temperature. The sample annealed for 20min has good thermal stability and is similar in terms of the 1/f noise and β values to the as-deposited samples. The obtained results suggest that the post-deposition annealing of TNO samples in an oxygen atmosphere will lead to much stronger thermal stability compared to that of an as-deposited sample.</P>
Assessment of Soil Compaction Related to the Bulk Density with Land use Types on Arable Land
Cho, Hee-Rae,Jung, Kang-Ho,Zhang, Yong-Seon,Han, Kyung-Hwa,Roh, Ahn-Sung,Cho, Kwang-Rae,Lim, Soo-Jeong,Choi, Seung-Chul,Lee, Jin-Il,Yun, Yeo-Uk,Ahn, Byoung-Gu,Kim, Byeong-Ho,Park, Jun-Hong,Kim, Chan-Y 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.5
Soil compaction is affected by soil texture, organic matter (OM), strength (ST) and soil moisture, which is difficult to understand the degree and effects of related factors. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of them on the compaction with bulk density (BD). The analysis was conducted with data collected from national-wide monitoring sites including 105 upland soils, 246 orchard soils, and 408 paddy soils between 2009 and 2012. The distributions of soil physical properties were measured. The correlation and multi linear regression analysis were performed between soil physical properties using SAS. The regression equation of BD(y) includes ST, gravitational water contents (GWC), and OM as variables commonly, having additional factors, clay content and sand content in paddy soil and upland soil for only subsoil (p<0.001). Our results show that the BD could be explained about 40~50% by various physical properties. The regression was mainly determined by ST in orchard and upland soil and by the GWC in paddy soil. To mitigate soil compaction, it is important to maintain the proper level of OM in upland soil and to consider the moisture condition with soil texture in paddy soil when making work plan. Furthermore, it would be recommended the management criteria classified by soil texture for the paddy soils.
Reddy, Y Ashok Kumar,Kang, In-Ku,Shin, Young Bong,Lee, Hee Chul IOP 2018 Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics Vol.51 No.2
<P>In order to reduce the sun-burn effect in a sample of the bolometric material Nb:TiO<SUB>2−<I>x</I> </SUB>, oxygen annealing was carried out. This effect can be examined by comparing thermal stability test results between the as-deposited and oxygen-atmosphere-annealed samples under high-temperature exposure conditions. Structural studies confirm the presence of amorphous and rutile phases in the as-deposited and annealed samples, respectively. Composition studies reveal the offset of oxygen vacancies in the Nb:TiO<SUB>2−<I>x</I> </SUB> samples through oxygen-atmosphere annealing. The oxygen atoms were diffused and seemed to occupy the vacant sites in the annealed samples. As a result, the annealed samples show better thermal stability performance than the as-deposited samples. The universal bolometric parameter (<I>β</I>) values were slightly decreased in the oxygen-annealed Nb:TiO<SUB>2−<I>x</I> </SUB> samples. Although bolometric performance was slightly decreased in the oxygen-annealed samples, high thermal stability would be the most essential factor in the case of special applications, such as the military and space industries. Finally, these results will be very useful for reducing the sun-burn effect in infrared detectors.</P>