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Bae, Hanhong,Sicher, Richard C.,Kim, Moon S.,Kim, Soo-Hyung,Strem, Mary D.,Melnick, Rachel L.,Bailey, Bryan A. Oxford University Press 2009 Journal of experimental botany Vol.60 No.11
<P><I>Theobroma cacao</I> (cacao) is cultivated in tropical climates and is exposed to drought stress. The impact of the endophytic fungus <I>Trichoderma hamatum</I> isolate DIS 219b on cacao's response to drought was studied. Colonization by DIS 219b delayed drought-induced changes in stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, and green fluorescence emissions. The altered expression of 19 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) (seven in leaves and 17 in roots with some overlap) by drought was detected using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. Roots tended to respond earlier to drought than leaves, with the drought-induced changes in expression of seven ESTs being observed after 7 d of withholding water. Changes in gene expression in leaves were not observed until after 10 d of withholding water. DIS 219b colonization delayed the drought-altered expression of all seven ESTs responsive to drought in leaves by ≥3 d, but had less influence on the expression pattern of the drought-responsive ESTs in roots. DIS 219b colonization had minimal direct influence on the expression of drought-responsive ESTs in 32-d-old seedlings. By contrast, DIS 219b colonization of 9-d-old seedlings altered expression of drought-responsive ESTs, sometimes in patterns opposite of that observed in response to drought. Drought induced an increase in the concentration of many amino acids in cacao leaves, while DIS 219b colonization caused a decrease in aspartic acid and glutamic acid concentrations and an increase in alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid concentrations. With or without exposure to drought conditions, colonization by DIS 219b promoted seedling growth, the most consistent effects being an increase in root fresh weight, root dry weight, and root water content. Colonized seedlings were slower to wilt in response to drought as measured by a decrease in the leaf angle drop. The primary direct effect of DIS 219b colonization was promotion of root growth, regardless of water status, and an increase in water content which it is proposed caused a delay in many aspects of the drought response of cacao.</P>
Hanhong Bae,Lakshmi Narayanan Ponpandian,Soon Ok Rim,Gnanendra Shanmugam,Junhyun Jeon,Buyng Su Hwang,Junheon Kim,Seon Keun Lee,Sang-Tae Seo,Sang-Hyun Koh 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.10
Pine trees are ecologically important in Korea. They are seriously imperiled by Pine wilt disease (PWD), by pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Here, we isolated and characterized bacterial endophytes (BEs) from pine trees in Korea for biological control of PWN using BE metabolites. Using culture-dependent approach BE isolates were extracted from three tissues (needles, stems, and roots) of four pine species across 18 sampling sites in Korea. Bacterial isolates were characterized into 389 distinct isolates based on 16S rDNA sequencing. Ethyl acetate crude extracts (CEs) of bacterial liquid cultures were prepared using ethyl acetate and screened for nematicidal activity against PWN. BEs (1,622 isolates) were isolated; their taxonomic binning resulted in 215 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Analysis of species richness and Shannon’s diversity of the three tissues revealed that BEs colonized the needles more than the stem and root tissues. Furthermore, based on nematicidal activity screening of 389 isolates, 44 BEs were identified, with two isolates exhibiting a significant inhibitory activity against PWN. Taken together, these data revealed numerous nematicidal BEs in pine trees, providing new insights that can serve as an effective and promising alternative approach to combat PWD.
Molecular Identification, Enzyme Assay, and Metabolic Profiling of Trichoderma spp.
( Soo-jung Bae ),( Young-hwan Park ),( Hyeun-jong Bae ),( Junhyun Jeon ),( Hanhong Bae ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.6
The goal of this study was to identify and characterize selected Trichoderma isolates by metabolic profiling and enzyme assay for evaluation of their potential as biocontrol agents against plant pathogens. Trichoderma isolates were obtained from the Rural Development Administration Genebank Information Center (Wanju, Republic of Korea). Eleven Trichoderma isolates were re-identified using ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. ITS sequence results showed new identification of Trichoderma isolates. In addition, metabolic profiling of the ethyl acetate extracts of the liquid cultures of five Trichoderma isolates that showed the best anti-Phytophthora activities was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolic profiling revealed that Trichoderma isolates shared common metabolites with well-known antifungal activities. Enzyme assays indicated strong cell wall-degrading enzyme activities of Trichoderma isolates. Overall, our results indicated that the selected Trichoderma isolates have great potential for use as biocontrol agents against plant pathogens.
Nam, Moon,Bae, Hanhong,Hammond, John,Domier, Leslie L.,Youn, Young-Nam,Lee, Bong-Choon,Lim, Hyoun-Sub The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2013 식물병연구 Vol.19 No.2
To facilitate their spread, plant viruses have developed several methods for dispersal including insect and seed transmission. While insect transmission requires virus stability against insect digestion, seed-transmitted viruses have to overcome barriers to entry into embryos. Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) is transmitted through seed at levels typically below 0.1%, but co-infection with Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) enhanced the seed transmission rate of BPMV in one experiment. In contrast, the rate of SMV seed transmission was not affected by BPMV co-infection. In a second preliminary study, the rate of SMV transmission was lower in an isoline of Williams 82 that contained a null mutation for the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor gene than in Williams 82. In this preliminary study, we observed that factors such as protease inhibitor expression and dual infection may affect the frequency of seed transmission of BPMV and SMV.
Bacterial endophytes from ginseng and their biotechnological application
Luan Luong Chu,Hanhong Bae 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.1
Ginseng has been well-known as a medicinal plant for thousands of years. Bacterial endophytes ubiquitously colonize the inside tissues of ginseng without any disease symptoms. The identification of bacterial endophytes is conducted through either the internal transcribed spacer region combined with ribosomal sequences or metagenomics. Bacterial endophyte communities differ in their diversity and composition profile, depending on the geographical location, cultivation condition, and tissue, age, and species of ginseng. Bacterial endophytes have a significant effect on the growth of ginseng through indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation. Moreover, bacterial endophytes can protect ginseng by acting as biocontrol agents. Interestingly, bacterial endophytes isolated from Panax species have the potential to produce ginsenosides and bioactive metabolites, which can be used in the production of food and medicine. The ability of bacterial endophytes to transform major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides using b-glucosidase is gaining increasing attention as a promising biotechnology. Recently, metabolic engineering has accelerated the possibilities for potential applications of bacterial endophytes in producing beneficial secondary metabolites.
Inhibition of Botrytis cinerea Spore Germination and Mycelia Growth by Frequency-specific Sound
Mi-Jeong Jeong,배동원,Hanhong Bae,이수인,김진아,신성철,박성한,박수철 한국응용생명화학회 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.4
The effect of sound waves on mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea was investigated to explore whether frequencyspecific sound could be used as a practical alternative to chemical fungicides to control plant diseases. The fungus was exposed to wave frequencies ranging from 1 to 5 kHz, and then observed using light and scanning electron microscopy to assess changes in several physiological and morphological aspects. Of the frequencies tested, 5 kHz sound wave significantly inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination. Furthermore, morphological changes,including low mycelial density, swollen mycelial tips, and irregular mycelial surfaces, were observed. Most internal hyphae were empty, and the ends of hyphae were significantly thinner or swollen. These observations suggest that 5 kHz sound waves create stressful growth conditions for the fungus, which leads to the inhibition of mycelia growth and spore germination. It is possible that sound wave treatment could represent an environmentally-friendly alternative to chemical fungicides. These results broaden our knowledge regarding the effective management of noxious nectrotrophic fungal pathogens by a nonchemical approach.
Arora, Pankaj Kumar,Bae, Hanhong Hindawi Limited 2014 Journal of chemistry Vol.2014 No.-
<P>Nitrobenzene and its derivatives (NBDs) are highly toxic compounds that have been released into the environment by anthropogenic activities. Many bacteria and fungi have been well-characterized for their ability to degrade NBDs. The biochemical and molecular characterization of the microbial degradation of NBDs has also been studied. In this review, we have summarized the toxicity and degradation profiles of nitrobenzene, monochloronitrobenzenes, polynitrobenzenes, and pentachloronitrobenzene. This review will increase our current understanding of toxicity and microbial degradation of NBDs.</P>