연속회분식 반응기를 이용한 축산 폐수의 생물학적 고도 처리 운전 인자 도출에 관한 연구

김창원,최명원,이해군,이해일,하지연 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 環境硏究報 Vol.16 No.-

축산폐수는 고농도의 유기탄소 뿐만아니라 영양염류를 포함하는 대표적인 고농도 폐수이며 적절히 처리되어지지 못할 경우 심각한 담수의 부영양화와 연안의 적조를 야기할 수 있다. 이러한 축산폐수를 보다 경제적이며 기술적으로 처리하기 위해 본 연구에서는 연속회분식반응기(SBR)을 이용한 축산폐수의 고도처리에 적용할 수 있는 운전인자와 운전기법을 연구하였다. 초기 암모니아와 유기탄소부하를 달리하며 정해진 주기로 운전하는 네 가지 전형적인 회분식 실험과 원수를 연속으로 주입하면서 간헐 폭기로 운전하는 세 가지의 변형회분식 반응 실험을 통하여 전형적인 SBR에서 비 질산화 속도에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 인자가 초기 pH 와 유리 암모니움 농도이며 최적 초기 암포니아성 비 질소 부하율은 0.1 ~ 0.15 kg NH_4^+-N /kg VSS 근처이며 이때 비 질산화율은 0.06 kgNH_4-N/ kg MLVSS·day로 관찰되었으며, 변형 SBR로 운전하는 경우 최소 35%에서 최대 65% 까지 탈질용 외부기질 주입량을 절감할 수 있었다. Piggery wastewater is a representative of high strength wastewater which contents not only high concentration organic carbon but also nutrients. From this reason piggery wastewater could be cause a serious eutrophication of fresh water and red tide in coastal areas if not properly treated. In this study to treat these piggery wastewater technically and more economically, the operation parameters and methods for advanced treatment using Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) were investigated. Four sets of experiments were conducted on laboratory scale typical SBR (Fill in a time) with fixed cycle and different till ratio to evaluate most proper initial loading of organic carbon and nitrogen and three sets of experiments on laboratory scale inodified SBR (Fill continuously) with intermittent aeration. As results the nitrification rate was most sensitively affected by intial pH and free ammonia concentration and in typical SBR operation most profit initial specific nitrogen loading were investigate around 0.1~0.15kg NH_4^+-N /kg VSS and in this range the average specific nitrification rate was 0.06 kg NH_4-N/ kg MLVSS·day. And in modified SBR operation with most profit specific nitrogen loading rate the cost of external denitrification cost were saved minimum 35% to maximum 65% each experimental sets.

만성 승모판 패쇄부전증 환자에서의 안지오텐신 전환효소 억제제의 장기 투여 효과

김대희,이명묵,이해영,조현재,박승정,서재빈,서정원,양한모,윤창환,조상호,이준희,김용진,김명아,손대원,오병희,박영배 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.2

공원묘지 유실에 의한 대량재해의 개인식별

강신몽,이한영,윤중진,이원태,김종열,이영석,서재관,최득린,서지석,이혜경 大韓法醫學會 1992 대한법의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Individual identification of severely decomposed or skeletonized bodies is an important part in medicolegal field. 142 bodies were torn up and carried away by flood in a park cemetry, Kwang-Ju, Kyunggi province, Korea at Sept., 10, 1990. The authors examed the 56 bodies, which were gained, through medical, anthropological, odontological, radiological methods, and superimposition for individual identification. Among them, 41 cases were successfully identified, and remaining 15 cases were not identified because of sever destruction and no adequate information.

난소 및 난소 종양 염전의 초음파 소견

오연희,이현경,이원재,이성우,박수성,윤혜원,임문환,심재철,김용탁,김성숙,김정란 동국대학교 경주대학 1993 東國論集 Vol.12 No.-

Acute torsion of the ovary and ovarian mass is a recognized surgical emergency, but rarely has the diagnosis been made preoperatively on the basis of imaging studies. The sonographic findings in 14 cases of surgically proven torsion of the ovary and ovarian mass are described. Mostly cystic ovarian mass, engorged vessel, dilated uterine tube, beak-like echo(torsion site), smooth mass wall thickening an free-fluid collection in cul-de-sac are described. More significant in terms of specificity were the demonstration in 6 cases(42.9%) of the smooth mass wall thickening and in 8 cases(57.1%) of a free fluid in the cul-de-sac. We report the sonographic findings of ovary and ovarian mass torsion that may suggest the preoperative diagnosis of this condition.

KAL기 추락에 의한 대량재해의 개인식별

강신몽,이원태,고영창,최상규,김윤희,이홍석,서재관,윤중진,이혜경,최득린,김종열,윤창육,변명식,이장홍 大韓法醫學會 1991 대한법의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Individual identification is an important part in medicolegal field especially in mass disaster. At July, 27, 1989, KAL KE-803 was crashed on landing at Tripoli International Airport, Liba. The plane was caught in fire and sixty eight Koreans were sacrified. The majority of victims were severely charred and injured. The authors examed all dead bodies and successfully identified all the cases through visual, anthropological, odontological, radiological and pathological methods including fingerprint and blood typing.

알레르기 ; 알레르기 환자에서 한방 이외의 대체 요법의 사용 현황에 대한 다기관 조사

이현정 ( Hyun Jung Lee ),이재현 ( Jae Hyun Lee ),이용원 ( Yong Won Lee ),김철우 ( Cheol Woo Kim ),동헌종 ( Hun Jong Dhong ),박해심 ( Hae Sim Park ),조영주 ( Young Joo Cho ),조진희 ( Jin Hee Cho ),조상헌 ( Sang Heon Cho ),편복양 ( 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회지 Vol.80 No.1

목적: 한국에서 알레르기 질환 치료를 위한 한방 치료뿐만 아니라 대체 요법이 많이 이용되고 있으며, 그 현황에 대하여 다기관 조사를 시행하였다. 방법: 10개의 대학병원 외래로 내원한 647명의 알레르기 환자를 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하였으며, 이 중 510명이 한방 이외의 대체 요법에 응답하였다. 이환되어 있는 알레르기 질환은 천식(50.0%), 알레르기 비염(36.0%), 아토피 피부염(36.0%), 그리고 두드러기(9.3%)였다. 각각 환자들에게 12 문항의 설문조사를 시행하였으며, 한방 이외의 대체 요법의 사용 빈도 및 종류, 대체 요법에 의지하게 된 이유, 비용, 그리고 치료효과에 대한 의견을 물어 보았다. 결과: 16.7%의 알레르기 환자에서 한방 이외의 다른 대체 요법을 받았으며, 평균 1.6종의 한방 이외의 대체 요법을 받았다. 가장 많이 의지하는 대체 요법은 민간 식이요법 (48.6%)이었고, 그 다음이 아로마 요법(23.8%), 지압(14.3%), 건강 호흡법(7.6%), 마인드 컨트롤(5.7%), 목욕요법(5.7%) 순이었다. 대체 요법을 받은 환자 중 마인드 컨트롤(50%), 식이요법(50%), 그리고 건강 호흡법(75%)의 경우 치료 효과가 만족스럽다는 응답이 높았으며, 목욕요법, 아로마 요법, 그리고 지압은 만족도가 각각 33.3%, 28.0%, 26.7%로 저조하였다. 대체 요법 사용자의 63.6%가 5회 미만의 대체 요법을 받았고, 91.8%가 1년 이내로 치료받았으며, 1인당 평균 연 37 만원을 지출하였다. 대체 요법을 선택한 가장 큰 이유는 체질이 개선될 수 있을까 해서(44.2%)였으며, 대체 요법이 몸에 부담이 없어서(31.4%), 면역기능이 강화되어서(22.9%) 순으로 나타났고, 15.7%는 양약치료가 도움이 되지 않아서 대체 요법을 선택하였다고 응답하였다. 결론: 한국에서 알레르기 환자의 상당수가 한방뿐만 아니라 여러 가지의 대체 요법을 사용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 대체 요법의 사용 빈도가 증가하고 그 종류가 다양함을 고려할 때, 의료진은 대체 요법의 현황에 대하여 정확히 인지하고 이에 대해 관심을 가지고 환자를 대하여야 하며 올바른 알레르기 질환 치료법에 대해 환자뿐만 아니라 의료인에게 교육하는 것이 필요하다. Background/Aims: The use of unproven complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) to treat allergies is popular in Korea. We conducted a multicenter survey of the current use of CAM other than herbal medication in Korean allergy patients. Methods: This study enrolled 510 adults with allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria, from ten hospitals. They underwent a structured questionnaire interview and clinical assessment of the prevalence, motivation, costs, and subjective assessment of CAM. Results: Of the patients, 16.7% used at least one type of CAM to treat their allergic diseases. Common types of CAM were diet (48.6%), aroma therapy (23.8%), massage (14.3%), breathing exercises (7.6%), baths (5.7%), and mind control (5.7%). The therapeutic effects of CAM included improved in patients using mind control (50%), diet (50%), breathing exercises (75%), and baths (33.3%), but worse in patients using aroma therapy (28%), and massage (26.7%). About 36.4% of the patients used CAM more than four times per year, and the average cost per CAM user was 370,000 won/year. The main reason for trying CAM was `hope to improve my constitution`. Conclusions: CAM is used widely for treating allergic diseases in Korea. Detailed knowledge of CAM and patient education are important. Further studies of the clinical efficacy of CAM are needed. (Korean J Med 2011;80:68-77)

FLA-ABS 試驗에 依한 癩診斷에 關한 硏究

李惠映,金潤元 大韓癩學會 1981 癩學 會誌 Vol.14 No.1

忠南 唐津과 中國文化

이해원 고려대학교 한국학연구소 1996 한국학연구 Vol.8 No.-

MIMO 시스템에서의 APP 디코딩의 성능

이경규,김산해,김홍철,이원철,신요안 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 2002 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

MIMO (multi-input multi-output) systems can achieve high data capacity and high data rate in the third generation (3G) or beyond-3G mobile communication systems. To effectively improve the performance of MIMO systems, new detection schemes which can mitigate mutual interferences from multiple transmit antennas, are highly required. In this paper, we consider a posteriori probability (APP) type detection schemes for the MIMO systems, and compare with other sub-optimal detection schemes based on zero forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) - ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC). Simulation results show that the APP outperforms ZF-OSIC and MMSE-OSIC, while the performance discrepancy becomes smaller as the number of receive antennas increases.

針葉樹林의 昆蟲生態에 關한 硏究 : 잣나무, 전나무 樹冠部를 中心으로 The Crown fauna of Pinus Koraiensis and Abies holophylla

元炳徽,李海浜 동국대학교 농림과학연구소 1969 農林科學 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

Pine-nut trees(Pinus koraiensis-ten years old) and Fir-trees (Abies holophylla thirty years old) of the Kwangnung Forest Experiment Station, Kyungki-do, Korea were examined as the sample plots from about the end of May, through the early part of November, 1968. The pine-nut trees stand on a nearly ground level with a little slope, and the average height of the trees was 5.6m. The dominant species of the ground vegetation under the plantation such as Cyclosorus ocuminatus, Polygonatum falcatum, Arthroxon hispidus and Clematis fricotoma and fourty two species of other grasses and shrubs were found there. The fir-trees that stand on the hill with 15 degrees of slope 120m above the sea level were 14.5m on the average. And there were also thirty-three species of plants, including Liriope graminifolia, Boehmeria frutescens and Psendostellaria heterophylla as the dominant species of the ground vegetation under the plantation. Each ground vegetation of the plantation was observed to investigate the insect fauna ecologically that inhabit in the crown stratum of the trees. Several studies, such as this, have been already made on plant flora. And some new fact have been shown in the plant flora. the insects that inhabit in the crown stratum of the plantation were collected by spraying D. D. V. P. (Dimethely Dichloro Vinyl Phosphate), emulsion insecticide, used auto-sprayer. The collected arthropods were classified and analyzed to find the composition, density, and seasonal fluctuation. And the results were brought as follows. 1. In the pine-nut trees, the insects that belong to twelve Orders in which there were sixty families were found, beside the spiders, as follows; Order Hemiptera, Deptera, Collembola, Coleoptera, Psocoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Dermaptera, Tricoptera, Ephemeroptera and Neuroptera. And there were found insects that beloong to ten Orders in which there were fifty-eight famillies were found in there as follows; Collembola, Diptera, Hemiptera, Psocoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Dermaptera and Tricoptera. 2. The insects that belong to the Order Hemiptera, Diptera and collembola were largely found in the pine-nut trees, on the other hand in the fir-trees, the insects that beloong to Collembola, Diptera, Hemipter and Psocoptera in the Order were in large quantities found. 3. Family Aphididae in Order Hemiptera was dominated by 74.5% in the order, and Family Trypetide, Anthomyidae and Drasophilidae in Order Diptera was dominated by 71.3% in the order. In fir-trees Family Entomobryidae in Order Collembola was dominated by 92.2% in the Order, and Family Drasophilidae, Phoridae and Anthomyiidae of Order Diptera in order were dominated in the order. Family Aphididae of Order Orthoptera was dominated as in the case of the pine-nut trees by 99.7% in the Order. Family Psocidae of Order Psocoptera was dominated by 86.9% in the order. 4. In comparison of the insect fauna in two different sample plots, there was only a little difference in the domination. Family Aplididae of the order Hemiptera, family Drasophilidae of the Order Diptera were dominated in the each order, and in the pine-nut trees, Family Traypetidae, Family Phoridae in the fir-trees inhabited differently. And Family Smynthuridae of the Order Collembola in the pine-nut trees, dominated and in contrastly Family Entombryidae of the Order Collembola in the fir-trees dominated in the distribution. 5. On the pattern of seasonal fluctuation, all the Arthropods in the pine-nuts, showed high density considerably till the last part of June and then declined gradually by October, showing an increase again. In the fir-trees considerable high density of the Arthropods were shown gradually in the first part of July and then decline again; however, in the late parts of August a little increase was noted again and then suddenly declined till the middle of October. From the middle of October there were a little increase in the distribution. In this, on comparison of two sample plots, there was only a little undulation in the case of the fir-trees. 6. On the pattern of seasonal fluctuation, in the pine-nut trees the family Aphididae of the Order Hemiptera showed the most aboundant distribution in the middle of June and the late of October. The Family Trypetidae of the Order Diptera was found throughout the year without distinct undulation and Famly Anthomyiidae was found largely at the beginning of June, and in the later part of October. The Family Drasnphilidae was collected inlarge quantities atothe beginning of June and the middle of September. The Family Smynthuridae of the Order Collembola was found in large guantities in June and the beginning of July and in the middle of September a few of the springtails were found. In the fir-trees the Family Entomobryidae of the Order Collembola was found mostly at the beginning of July and the middle of August. The Family Drasophilidae was found mostly on and after the later part of August as the case in the pine-nut trees and Family Phoridae was collected throughout the year distinct undulation. The Family Anthomyiidae was collected mostly on and after the beginning of September. The Family Aphididae of the Order Hemiptera as in the case of the pine-nut trees showed the highest density at the beginning of July and the later part of October, and the Family Psocidae of the Psocoptera was collected mostly at the beginning of June and then declined.