정상 한국인에서 연령증가에 따른 혈장 Dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate ( DHEA-S ) 농도 및 DHEA - S / cortisol 비의 변화

박성우,유형준,임성희,최문기,유재명,박민숙,이권엽,박철수,김철홍,김현규,김두만,박규용 대한내분비학회 1997 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.12 No.2

Backgroud: DHEA-S is the most abundant steroid hormone in circulation, and primarily secreted from the adrenal cortex, but its physiological role is little known. One of the characteristic features of DHEA-S is progressive decrement of plasma DHEA-S level with advancing age, in contrast, plasma levels of other adrenal hormones are not chaging or littie decreasing. To grasp the trends of plasma DHEA-S level and DHEA-S/cortisol ratio by age in healthy Korean, we measured the plasma DHEA-S levels and DHEA-S/cortisol ratios in healthy Korean. Methods: Healthy Korean(men: 99, women: 102, age range: 15-97 year old)were studied. Subjects were not taking drugs(such as glucocorticoid or androgenic medication) or cigarettes known to modify the plasma level of DHEA-S and cortisol, and had no evidence of hepatic, renal disease or hyperlipidemia as determined by serum lipid, bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, BUN, creatinine. Data were analyzed by 10-year age group for men and women: i.e, 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40- 49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89 and 90 year or more. Plasma DHEA-S levels were measured by using a commercially available RIA kit with 125I labeled-DHEA-SO4(Coat-A Count DHEA-SO4), and for the measurement of plasma cortisol levels, commercial Gamma Coat TM[125I] Cortisol Radioimmunassay Kit was used. Results:. 1) In both men and women, plasma DHEA-S level showed high interindividual variation within the same age group. 2) There were individual sex differences in plasma levels of DHEA-S, in all age groups, plasma DHEA-S levels were significantly higher values for men than for women. 3) Maximum plasma DHEA-S levels(men; 237+-3.35 ug/dL, women; 108+-17.5 ug/dL) were at third decade in both men and women. 4) Both men and women showed the continuous decline in plasma DHEA-S level with age. These age-related decline was more prominent in men than in women(men; y= -3.152 * +292.6, r2= 0.8459, P$lt;0.05, women; y= -1.417 * +143.3, r2 = 0.7278, P$lt; 0.05). 5) As an index of aging, there was no stastical difference between DHEA-S and DHEA- S/cortisol ratio. Conclusion: In healthy Korean, there were high interindividual variation of plasrna DHEA-S levels. In both men and women plasma DHEA-S level was peak at third decade, and from when it declined progressively with age. These results suggest that although the reliability of single plasma DHEA-S measurement are limited, the decline of DHEA-S with advancing age might be a specific marker of endocrinologic hormonal milieu(aging index). Also, concerning to individual adrenal secreting capacity, we measured DHEA-S/cortisol ratio. But we did not found that plasma DHEA-S/cortisol ratio is superior to the plasma DHEA-S level as an aging index. (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 12:245-254, 1997)

단무지 공장에서 발생한 질식 사고의 원인과 방사선학적 소견: 중례보고 및 가스분석 결과

박충기,김만구,김흥철,안범규,박만수,황우철,최철순,강익원 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1994 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.-

목 적:단무지 공장에서 질식사고를 일으켰던 가스의 종류를 알아내고, 이러한 가스중독의 방서선학적 소견을 소개하기 위하여 본 연구를 하였다. 대상 및 방법:단무지 공장에서 발생한 질식 사고자 3예중 생존자 1예를 대상으로 단순흥부X-선검사와 CT 소견을 분석하였으며, 가스의 종류를 알아내기 위하여 단무지를 유리병에 넣어 발생된 가스를 가스크로마토그래픽을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결 과:단무지 공장에서 발생한 질식사고자중 생존한 1명의 방사선학적 검사에서 신속히 호전되는 폐경결(consolidation)을 볼 수 있었으며 이는 폐부종의 소견임을 알 수 있었다. 협기성 상태에서 단무지를 담은 유리병의 상층부 가스를 실험 분석한 결과 이산화탄소, 에칠알코올이 다량으로 검출되었으나 독성가스는 주로 황화수소이였다. 결 론:단무지 공장의 질식 사고자에서 폐방사선학적 소견은 폐경결을 보이는 폐부증으로서 이는 실험을 통해 단무지에서 발생되는 유독가스인 황화수소 때문임을 입증하였다. Purpose: To identify the main toxic gas released from salted radish in rice bran(Dan-M-Ji) and to introduce the radiological findings of the patient who was exposed to the gas. Materials and Methods: Chest radiographs and CT scans of one survivor among three men who were exposed to the gas from Dan-Mu-Ji were reviewed. Gas obtained from the closed bottle containing Dan-Mu-Ji was analized by using the gas chromatography. Results: The radiographlc examinations of the survivor were suggestive of pulmonary edema with it's rapidly improving consolidations in both lung. The headapace gas within the bottle containing Dan-Mu-Ji was mainly composed with carbon dioxide, ethyl alcohol and hydrogen sulfide, of which hydrogen sulfide was considered the main toxic gas released. Conclusion: Under the anaerobic condition, Dan-Mu-Ji released toxic hydrogen sulfide. Inhalation of hydrogen sulfide might produce non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

다공성 LiTi_2(PO_4)_3 Glass-Ceramics에서 기공 크기 제어에 관한 연구

박만규,강원호 단국대학교 신소재기술연구소 1997 신소재 Vol.7 No.-

다공성 LiTi_2(PO_4)_3 Glass-Ceramics에서 Li_2O 함량을 0∼8 mole ratio로 변화시켜 기공의 크기, 기공율 등을 측정·분석하였고, 최적 조성을 선정한 후 분상 열처리 온도와 시간의 변화에 의해 기공의 크기를 제어하였다. Li_2O 함량이 4 mole ratio일 때 16.85%로 가장 큰 기공율을 나타내었으며, 기공의 평균 직경은 약 0.2㎛였다. 열처리 온도와 시간이 증가함에 따라 기공의 크기도 증가하였고, 약 0.01∼0.2㎛까지 기공 크기의 제어가 가능하였다. The variations of pore size and porosity were examined with the Li_2O content from 0 to 8 mole ratio in the porous LiTi_2(PO_4)_3 glass-ceramics. After selection the optimum composition, pore size was controlled by phase separation time and temperature. The porosity was 16.85% and the mean pore diameter was about 0.2 ㎛ when the Li_2O content was 4 mole ratio. The pore size was extended by increasing the phase separation time and temperature. The pore size was able to be controlled from 0.01 to 0.2㎛.

東漢所見特殊語言現象

朴万圭 중국어문연구회 2000 中國語文論叢 Vol.19 No.-

大邱地域 中小企業의 效率的인 技術開發 方案에 관한 硏究

全瑨文,張晩植,尹在坤,金圭昌,李栽燁,朴筍植,黃建夏 효성여자대학교 산업경영연구소 1988 경영경제 Vol.5 No.-

For modern business firms, the most important factor in determining comprtitiveness of a firm is technology, rather than capital. Technogical innovation is a driving force to develop an economy and is essential in growth and/or survival of a business firm. Following studies concerned with this subject, small business firms seem to be more efficient in technological innovation and developing new technology in several respects. Espercially in the new technology based industries, the small business firms have several advantages in technological innovation. In this study, we tried to show how to plan a technology development strategy in relation to management strategy when small business of theoretical and empirical study, we aimed to show the way to efficient management and procedure of technological innovation. For the research methodology, we firstly reviewed and analyzed current and previous studies about technological innovation strategy, efficient management, and selection of R&D projects. Secondly, the results of this theoretical study was examined empirically. The empirical study contains 153 questionaires and 30 interviews for business firms of this area. In addition, for the evaluation criteria for the selection of R&D projects, we sent questionaires to 60 professors who teaches R&D OR in university or college level. The result of these questionaires was analyzed and compared with that of the business firms of this area. The result of this empirical study shows that top management of small business firms should notice the importance of technological innovation and try to stimulate R&D activity. For the evaluation criteria for R&D projection, the criteria which could reduce the possibility of future uncertainty, maximize profit, and he suited for the situation of the business firm, should be established.

신축학교 실내공기질이 초등학생들의 인지기능에 미치는 영향

김태섭,김선주,박시영,전만중,김규태,김창윤,정종학,백성옥,사공준 대한산업의학회 2007 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

목적: 신축초등학교와 대조학교를 선정하여 교실 내 포름알데히드와 TVOCs를 측정하고 컴퓨터 신경행동검사를 이용하여 실내공기 오염물질이 학생들의 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 방법: 신축초등학교 5학년 71명을 실내공기 오염물질 노출군으로 하고, 개교한지 12년째인 대구시의 일개 초등학교 5학년 2학급 63명을 대조군으로 하여 실내공기 오염물질농도 측정 및 컴퓨터 신경행동검사를 실시하였다. 결과: 신축학교에서 의도적으로 창문을 개방한 학급에서 1교시 포름알데히드 농도는 34.6 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에는 27.3 ㎍/㎥, 창문을 개방하지 않은 학급에서 1교시 80.2 ㎍/㎥, 4교시 127.1 ㎍/㎥, 대조학교에서는 2학급 각각 1교시에 12.6 ㎍/㎥, 7.5 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 19.8 ㎍/㎥, 25.2 ㎍/㎥였다. TVOCs의 경우 신축학교의 의도적으로 창문을 개방한 학급에서 1교시에 농도는 487.2 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 428.2 ㎍/㎥, 창문을 개방하지 않은 학급에서 1 교시에 농도는 1,283.5 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 1,715.4 ㎍/㎥, 대조학교의 경우 2학급에서 각각 1교시에 농도는 240.9 ㎍/㎥, 150.8 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 농도는 371.9 ㎍/㎥, 448.0 ㎍/㎥였다. 부호숫자 짝짓기의 평균반응시간은 대조학급이 1교시에 2,585 msec에서 4교시에 2,459 msec으로 감소한 반면 신축학교의 창문을 의도적으로 개방한 학급은 2,343 msec에서 2,510 msec으로, 평소대로 수업한 학급은 2,340 msec에서 2,563 msec으로 반응시간이 각각 167 msec, 223 msec 증가하였다. 1교시의 부호숫자 짝짓기 의 반응시간을 100%로 했을 때 창문을 의도적으로 개방 한 학급은 4교시에 5.9% 증가하였고(p<0.01), 평소대로 수업한 학급은8.3% 증가하였다(p<0.01). 반면에 대조학급은 4교시에 5.0% 감소하였다(p<0.01). 결론: 향후 학교의 실내공기질의 안전성 평가는 샘플링 된 공기의 오염수준의 측정뿐만 아니라 학생들의 건강영향도 함께 고려되는 것이 바람직할 것이다. Objectives: Most studies on the indoor air quality of newly built schools have focused only on the number of schools exceeding a standard or on subjective symptoms, such as sneezing, irritated eyes and an irritated nose. However, there has been no report on how poor indoor air quality affects children's academic performance. This study evaluated the effects of indoor air quality on the neurobehavioral performance of elementary school children. Methods: This study measured the indoor air pollutants and compared children's performance, using a computerized neurobehavioral test, between a newly built and a 12-year-old school. In addition, a questionnaire was administered regarding the indoor air quality related symptoms of children in a newly built and a 12-year-old school. Results: In the newly built school, the formaldehyde levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with an open window were 34.6 and 27.3 μg/㎥, respectively. The levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window closed were 80.2 and 127.1 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the formaldehyde levels in 1^(st) and 4^(th) class with open and closed window were 12.6 and 7.5 μg/㎥, and 19.8 and 25.2 μg/㎥, respectively. With respect to total volatile organic compounds, the levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window open in the newly built school were 87.2 and 428.2 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window closed, the total volatile organic compounds were 1,283.5 and 1,715.4 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the total volatile organic compounds were 240.9 and 150.8 μg/㎥, and 371.9 and 448.0 μg/㎥ in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes, respectively. In the case of a newly built school, the performance of the students in the neurobehavioral test in the 4^(th) class with the window closed was 8.3% lower than for those in the 1^(st) class with the window closed, but was only 5.9% lower when the windows were open. There was a statistical significant difference in the total numbers of symptoms between the two schools. Conclusions: These results suggest a proper evaluation of the indoor air quality within schools is required into both the level of contamination and the health effects of these contaminants toward children.

수술 전 진단된 충수돌기 점액류종 1례

허광식,손현화,김동규,박찬국,김만우,김정용,기근홍 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 2000 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.25 No.1

Primary unruptured appendiceal mucocele is a rare disease. It is very difficult to diagnose preoperatively because of the rarity of classical symptoms and low incidence. Usually it is discovered incidentally during abdominal ultrasonography(US), computed tomography(CT), or appendectomy for acute appendicitis. If untreated, one type of mucoceles may rupture producing a potentially fatal entity known as pseudomyxoma peritonei, therefore preoperative diagnosis is very important. With the advent of colonoscopy, abdominal US and CT, it has been possible to preoperatively diagnose mucocele of appendix. We experienced a case of appendiceal mucocele in a 60 year-old woman who had symptoms of lower abdominal discomfort and right lower quadrant abdominal pain, and it was diagnosed preoperatively by colonoscopy, abdominal US and CT. So we present this case with review of literature.

췌장의 가성낭종 파열에 의한 하부 위장관 출혈 1예

장성종,김병수,부귀범,김동규,박찬국,김만우,김정용,박상헌 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 2000 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.25 No.1

Pancreatic pseudocysts usually develop as a complication of acute pancreatitis or repeated attacks of chronic pancreatitis. Pseudocysts may also develop as a result of traumatic injuries or neoplasms. An uncommon complication is massive hemorrhage inside the pancreatic pseudocyst. The exact mechanism of hemorrhage is unknown. Enzymatic digestion, pressure erosion from the cyst mass or a combination of these processes may play an important role. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with a pancreatic pseudocyst can occur in 10 percent of cases. When hemorrhage occurs because of erosion into a blood vessel involved in the pseudocyst, surgery is indicated since the episodes of hemorrhage are often severe and may even be fatal. When there is colonic involvement, various complications may occur. The most dangerous one is spontaneous rupture into the colon, which requires immediate surgical treatment because of high incidence of fulminating sepsis or massive hemorrhage. We examined a sixty eight-year-old man complaining of hematochezia and dizziness, and reported that it was a case of massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by pseudocyst of the pancreas ruptured into the colon associated with chronic pancreatitis. On operative findings, the peripancreatic fatty tissue had severe adhesions to transverse colon and tail portion of pancreas, where the pseudocyst had formed. A distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy and resection of transverse colon were performed. By microscopic examination, hemorrhagic necrosis and inflammatory change were observed in the pancreas specimen. The tail portion of pancreas had a 6×6 cm sized cystic mass and was proven to be a pseudocyst with no epithelial lining.

임신중 알코올 섭취에 의한 기형 유발기전에 관한 연구

김소희,김순선,이규식,손경희,곽승준,채수영,안상미,허만욱,박귀례 식품의약품안전청 2001 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.5 No.-

임신중에 만성적으로 음주한 산모의 태아는 중추신경계 손상으로 인한 특징적인 이상증상인 소두증 정신발육장애 등 태아 알코을 증후군(fetal alcoho3 syndrome, F,LSB이 나타나는 것으로 알려져 있으냐 분자생물학적 측면에서의 유발기전은 명확하게 밝혀져 있지 않다. 든 연구예서는 in vitro 단기 발생독성시험법 중 하나인 전배자배양댑을 사용하여 랫드 배자의 )1관 발생기에 알코을 및 알코올의 주 군사 체인 아세트알데히드를 처리하여 기형 유발 여부를 관찰하였다. 또한 이들 물질의 기형 유발 기전을 규명하고자 microarray 깡법으로 발현이 변화되는 유전자를 검색하였으며, 알코을 처리로 발현이 변후 되는 유전자의 정확한 확인을 위하여 northern blot analysis 실시 중이다. 임신 9.5일의 랫드 배자에 0.1, 0.5, 1.0% 에란올을 처리하였을 때 성장부진, 뒤틀리거나 꼬렬라진 꼬리, open caudal neura tube, open neural tube, 불완전찬 반전, 불규칙적이고 비정상적인 체절과 짧은 꼬리 등의 이상이 나티났다. 임신 9.5일의 랫드 배자에 Sr10-4, 8.3×10-4, 2.SxIO-3% 아세트알데히드를 처리시 래antois caudal neura3 tube의 발달저해, somite 수 감소, 꺽인 꼬리 등의 이상이 나타났다. Control과 에탄을 처리한 배자로부터 total RNA를 추출하고 poll· A--RNA를 분리한 후, reverse transcriptase를 사용하여 C?3 혹은 Cl·5 형광염료로 tag된 nucleotide로 표지된 probe를 만들어 등량을 시판중인 'toxicotogy chip'의 틴991개의 CDNA 형태의 유전자와 hybr겨iaation시켰다. 에탄을 처리에 의해 'serum deprivation response' gene등의 발현이 유도되었으며, 'rat transcription factor MaflmRNA'등의 발현은 저해되었다. It is reported that alcohol drinking by pregnant mothers often leads to abnormal fetal development including fetal alcohol syndrome(FAS) in both humans and experimental animals. The FAS is characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, distinct craniofacial dysmorphology, and central nervous system dysfunctions such as mental retardation. However, molecular mechanisms for FAS is not completely elucidated as yet. In this study, developmental toxicity of ethanol and its metabolite, acetaldehyde were evaluated using whole embryo culture. In addition genes inducing FAS were investigated by the technique of cDNA microarray. Embryos treated with ethanol showed growth retardation, abnormal tail torsion, open neural tube, open caudal neural tube and abnormal somite at concentrations of 0.1∼0.5%. Also embryos treated with acetaldehyde showed growth retardation including allantois, open caudal neural tube, reduction number of somite and abnormal tail torsion at concertrations of 5×10^(-4)∼2.5×10^(-3)%. RNAs from embryos of control and ethanol treatment were reverse transcribed into cDNA tagged with Cy3 or Cy5 and hybridized with cDNA probe of rat in 'toxicology chip'. Ethanol 0.5% treatment resulted in alteration in expression of several genes including 'serum deprivation response', 'Cide-b' and 'check point suppressor 1'. Northern blot analysis is conducted for identification of genes related to FAS.

Flight Test of Helicopter Landing System Using Real-time DGPS

Park, Sung-Min,Kim, Jung-Han,Whang, Duk-Ho,Jang, Jae-Gyu,Kee, Chang-Don,Park, Hyoung-Taek,Park, Hong-Man,Lee, Chang-Hyo 한국항행학회 1999 韓國航行學會論文誌 Vol.3 No.2

최근 수년간, GPS와 관련된 연구들이 항공분야를 비롯한 다양한 분야에서 진행되었다. 특히, GPS를 항공기의 착륙 유도 시스템에 이용하려는 연구가 많이 이뤄지고 있다. 이러한 시도들은 GPS의 경제성, 신뢰성, 정확성 등의 장점들을 십분 활용하기 위한 것이라고 할 수 있다. 서울대학교 GPS 실험실에서도 이러한 경향에 보조를 맞추어, GPS를 기반으로 하는 항공기 착륙 시스템을 개발하고, 헬리콥터를 이용한 비행실험을 수행하고 있다. 그 동안 누적된 실시간 DGPS 시스템 개발기술들을 바탕으로 항공기 착륙 시스템을 확장, 보강하여 최근의 비행실험을 실시 하였다. 본 논문에서는 새롭게 구성된 항공기 착륙 시스템을 소개하고 이를 이용한 비행실험 결과를 분석하였다. 기존의, 기본적인 실시간 DGPS 시스템에서 추가, 발전된 부분은 세 가지로 분류할 수 있다. 첫 번째는, 단일 GPS 안테나를 이용하여 항공기의 자세를 추정하는 부분이고, 두 번째는, 통합적인 cockpit display이다. 이 display는 가상현실을 이용하여 조종사에게 기존의 ILS 정보와 그 이외의 다양한 정보들을 보여준다. 마지막으로, 공항의 기상상태에 관계없이 조종사가 공항에 접근할 수 있도록, 전자지도를 삽입하여 안전한 착륙을 시도할 수 있도록 시스템을 구성하였다. 이렇게 새롭게 구성된 시스템을 이용하여 김해국제공항에서 비행실험을 수행하였다. 분석된 결과를 바탕으로, 이 시스템이 정확도 측면에서, CAT-I을 충분히 만족시킴을 확인하였으며, 신뢰도 높은 자세결정이 이뤄지고 있음을 확인하였다. In recent, there has been remarkable progress in the field of GPS applications. In a few years, an appreciable number of aircraft will adopt GPS as a landing guidance system because GPS is more economic, more reliable and more accurate than any other aviation systems. In this respect, we have performed several helicopter landing flight tests based on the real-time DGPS system made in SNUGL(Seoul National University GPS Laboratory). From the experimental results, we found seveal problems which should be fixed to adopt DGPS as a aircraft landing guidance system. In this paper, we will introduce the problems found in tests and also suggest modifications to solve the problems. Our modifications can be classified into three parts. The first is about the attitude determination with single GPS antenna. The second deals with the cockpit display module. The display was devised to integrate the Instrument Landing System(ILS) with tunnel-in-the-sky using virtual reality. With the display, pilot can achieve more safe landings. The last part is the digital map. We inserted digital mapinto our system and put direction indicator on the map using position information from GPS. It is very useful for pilot to find airports even in bad weather. Using the newly designed DGPS landing system, we conducted flight test at Kimhae International Airport, Pusan, Korea, It was successful ! Our system can also satisfy Category-I criterion for aircraft landing approach and determine attitude angle with a high level of reliability. It is supported by video materials.