해마 theta리듬과 pyramidal neuron의 세포내 특성과의 상관관계

권오흥,조진화,남순현,김현정,최병주,김영진,이만기 大韓小兒齒科學會 1998 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.25 No.4

Eledctrophysiological phenomena of pyramidal cells in the CAI area of the dorsal hippocampus were recorded from and filled with neurobiotin in anesthetized rats. The electropharmacological properties of membrane as well as the cellular-synaptic generation of rhythmic slow activity (theta)were examined. The intracellular response characteristics of these pyramidal cells were distinctly different from responses of inteneurons. Pyramidal cells had a high resting membrane potential, a low input resistance, and a large amplitude action potential. A afterhyperpolarization was followed a single action potential. Most of pyramidal cells did not display a spontaneous firing. Pyramidal cells displayed weak inward rectification and anodal break excitation. The slope of the frequency-current relation was 53.4 Hz/nA for the first interspike interval and 15.9 Hz/nA for the last intervals, suggesting the presence of spike frequency adaptation. Neurobiotin-filled neurons showed pyramidal morphology. Cells were generally bipolar dendritc processes ramifying in stratum lacunosum-moleculare, radiatum, and oriens. Commissural stimulation discharged pyramidal cells, followed by excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs). The frequency of theat-related membrane potential oscillation was voltage-independent in pyramidal neurons. At strong depolarization levels (less than 30 mV) pyramidal cells emitted sodium spike oscillation, phase-locked to theta. The observations provide direct evidence that theta-related rhythmic hyperpolarization of principal cells is brought by the rhythmically discharging interneurons. Furthermore, the findings in which interneurons were also paced by rhythmic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials during theta suggest that they were periodically hyperpolarized by their GABAergic septal afferents.

21세기 대구 · 경북의 성장 동력으로서 『문화자본』의 의미

권찬태,권기정,김진수,이영기 慶北大學校出版部 2005 經商論集 Vol.32 No.2

본 연구에서는 문화자본의 의미를 바탕으로 대구 · 경북이 본래 가지고 있지만, 활용하지 못하고 있던 문화자본을 대구 · 경북 지역의 성장동력 산업으로 이끌기 위한 전체적인 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 첫째, 대구 · 경북은 문화의 21세기에서 창조적이고 차별화된 문화자본을 축적하기 위해 지역 내 숨겨진 자원을 발굴하고, 개발해야 한다. 둘째, 사회 · 문화 주동적 성향을 토대로 창의적이고 미래지향적인 문화상품을 개발해 나가야 하고, 세계 속에 대구 · 경북을 알릴 수 있는 대표 브랜드 상품 개발에 주력해야 한다. 셋째, 풍부한 문화유산, 자연환경 등의 유 · 무형의 자원을 최대한 활용하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 세 가지 방안의 실천을 위한 행정기관, 기업, 언론 및 교육기관에 따른 방법 또한 제시하였다. 먼저, 지역정부는 문화인프라 구축의 중요성을 인식해야한다. 다음으로, 기업은 문화자본 축적을 비용으로 생각하기보다는 투자로 생각할 수 있는 인식의 전환이 필요하다. 마지막으로, 언론 및 교육기관에서는 선진문화지역으로 도약하기 위한 지역 주민들의 자긍심과 인식이 확대될 수 있도록 도와주어야한다. This paper suggested that the role of cultural capital to be economic growth engine in Daegu and Kyungpook region. Daegu and Kyungpook's role is as followed ; The first, Daegu and Kyungpook should develop and unearth hidden cultural resources, and the second, should develop creative cultural goods based on social and cultural propensity, the third should use the tangible and intangible resources such as cultural inheritance and nature. Besides this, this paper also suggested the roles of local government, local business, local press and local educational institution in Dageu and Kyungpook region. At first, local government should recognize the importance of cultural infrasturcture, the local business needs the concept of cultural capital, and the local press and educational institution should help local citizens have the pride of local culture.

자연 친화적 골프장 건설을 위한 방안

조영권,윤기운 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.2

Golf has been attracting sensational popularity as public sports in the countries such as Europe and Japan as well as the United States which can be said an advanced country of sports. Furthermore, in recent years, the population who enjoys golf is rapidly growing to the extent that it can take large share in the national economic part so that terms of 'golf industry' and 'golf tour' may appear. Differently from the worldwide trends, golf in our country cannot remove the recognition that golf is 'luxurious amusement' or 'the principal offender of environmental pollution' so that it has resulted in various social or environmental conflicts. The conflict between the golf and the environment is an original conflictive problem in terms of 'exploitation and preservation.' The researcher is going to suggest a method to minimize ecological conflict which is generated in construction and operation of golf course from the viewpoint of development of environment rather than complete settlement. Therefore, this dissertation was trying to suggest co-existence plans of the natural environment factors and construction of golf course through the results from analyzing related precedent research, conclusions were obtained. First, a systematic plan for improvement should be searched so that the System of Evaluation for Environmental Influence which is currently executed could be operated more efficiently in order to minimize the environmental problems which appear when golf course is constructed. Second, as for a plan to push forward constructing a golf course for effective use of land, the current construction manner of golf course which has disproportionately been constructed in particular districts should be controlled, instead, the disperse construction in city or province should be induced. Furthermore, a plan to construct golf course which is environmentally affinitive so that it can make the most of natural spectacle, considering the characteristic of configuration of the ground should be contrived. Especially, the systematic plan for improvement should be worked out to relieve the locational conditions so that some small scaled golf courses (6 hole, 9 hole) can be constructed by means of composing green zone in green belt district, waste reclamation field, or abandoned mine district to secure rest area for citizens. Third, re-utilization of purified water of golf course and installation of artificial reservoir should be completely made as a duty in order to settle conflict against regional residents because of phenomenon of insufficient underwater and agricultural water upon managing the golf course. Fourth, as for a problem of spreading agricultural chemicals which is the most negative conflictive factor according to the result of consciousness of investigation of golf and environment, the rather rational synthetic controlling system against damage by noxious insects should be established and practiced effectively. Fifth, a method to make the most of regional residents actively should be investigated when weeds are removed and agricultural chemicals for golf course are spreaded in order to solve the negative view of regional residents about spreading agricultural chemicals over golf course.

Anti-apoptotic Activity of Ginsenosside Rb₁ in Hydrogen Peroxide-treated Chondrocytes

Ji-Young Na,Sokho Kim,Kibbeum Song,Kyu-Hee Lim,Gee-Wook Shin,Jong-Hoon Kim,Bumseok Kim,Young-Bae Kwon,Jungkee Kwon 고려인삼학회 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.3

Chondrocyte apoptosis has been recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂), which produces reactive oxygen species, reportedly induces apoptosis in chondrocytes. The ginsenoside Rb₁(G-Rb₁) is the principal component in ginseng and has been shown to have a variety of biological activities, such as anti-arthritis, anti inflammation, and anti-tumor activities. In this study, we evaluated the effects of G-Rb₁ on the mitochondrial permeability transition(MPT) and caspase-3 activity of chondrocyte apoptosis induced by H₂O₂. Cultured rat articular chondrocytes were exposed to H₂O₂ with or without G-Rb₁ and assessed for viability, MPT, Bcl-xL/Bax expression, caspase-3 activity, and apoptosis. The co-treatment with G-Rb₁ Showed ann inhibition of MPT, caspase-3 activity, and cell death. Additionally, the levels of the apoptotic protein Bax were significantly lower and the levels of the anti-apoptoic protein Bcl-xL were higher compared with H₂O₂ treatment alone. The result of this study demonstrate that G-Rb₁ protects chondrocytes against H₂O₂-induced apoptosis, at least in part via the inhibition of MPT and caspase-3 activity. These results demonstrate that G-Rb₁ is a potentially useful drug fot the treatment of OA patients.

Anti-apoptotic Activity of Ginsenoside Rb1 in Hydrogen Peroxide-treated Chondrocytes: Stabilization of Mitochondria and the Inhibition of Caspase-3

Ji-Young Na,김석호,Ki-Bbeum Song,Kyu Hee Lim,Gee-Wook Shin,김종훈,Bum Seok Kim,Young-Bae Kwon,Jung-Kee Kwon 고려인삼학회 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.3

Chondrocyte apoptosis has been recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which produces reactive oxygen species, reportedly induces apoptosis in chondrocytes. The ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1)is the principal component in ginseng and has been shown to have a variety of biological activities, such as anti-arthritis, antiinfl ammation, and anti-tumor activities. In this study, we evaluated the effects of G-Rb1 on the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and caspase-3 activity of chondrocyte apoptosis induced by H2O2. Cultured rat articular chondrocytes were exposed to H2O2with or without G-Rb1 and assessed for viability, MPT, Bcl-xL/Bax expression, caspase-3 activity, and apoptosis. The co-treatment with G-Rb1 showed an inhibition of MPT, caspase-3 activity, and cell death. Additionally, the levels of the apoptotic protein Bax were signifi cantly lower and the levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL were higher compared with H2O2 treatment alone. The results of this study demonstrate that G-Rb1 protects chondrocytes against H2O2-induced apoptosis, at least in part via the inhibition of MPT and caspase-3 activity. These results demonstrate that G-Rb1 is a potentially useful drug for the treatment of OA patients.

사업결합에 따른 무형자산평가: B통신기업 사례

권수영 ( Soo Young Kwon ),남혜정 ( Hye Jeong Nam ),박대준 ( Dae Joon Park ),김종일 ( Jong Il Kim ),권기정 ( Gee Jung Kwon ) 한국회계학회 2011 회계저널 Vol.20 No.2

사례논문 : 사업결합 시 무형자산별 평가기법 및 평가절차에 대한 실무지침 및 교육교재

권수영 ( Soo Young Kwon ),김종일 ( Jong Il Kim ),박대준 ( Dae Joon Park ),권기정 ( Gee Jung Kwon ),남혜정 ( Hye Jeong Nam ) 한국회계학회 2012 회계저널 Vol.21 No.5

본 연구는 사업결합 과정에서의 무형자산의 평가기법과 평가절차에 대해 시장참여자들의 체계 적인 이해를 위해 실무지침을 제시하고 교육을 수행하기 위한 프로그램을 작성하는 것이다. 먼저사업결합 과정에서 식별할 수 있는 무형자산 유형을 소개하고, 유형별 무형자산에 속하는 주요 항목에 대해 일반적으로 적용할 수 있는 평가기법들을 제시하고 단계별로 평가절차에 대해 상세하게 기술하였다. 무형자산별 평가기법 및 평가절차를 구체적으로 이해하기 위해 관련 평가사례를 들어 설명을 추가하였다. 마케팅관련 무형자산 중에서 상표명, 마크를 포함한 등록상표 등과 같이 사용허가가 가능한 자산에 대해 주로 로열티 면제법을 사용한다. 이 방법은 등록상표 등으로 인해 창출될 미래현금흐름에 적절한 로열티율을 곱하여 매년 절감한 로열티 금액을 산정하고 이를 현재가치로 할인하여 해당 등록상표 등의 가치를 산출하는 평가방법이다. 고객관련 무형자산 중에서 고객계약 및 관련 고객관계, 비계약적 고객관계를 포함한 고객목록 등과 같이 수익을 창출하는 자산에 대해 다기간초과이익법이 사용될 수 있다. 이 방법은 해당 무형자산의 내용연수 동안 해당 자산으로부터 발생하는 수익과 비용을 추정하며 추정이익에서 기여자산의 원가를 차감하는 평가방법이다. 한편 주문잔고나 생산잔고 등과 같이 수익을 창출하는 자산에 대해 다기간초과이익법과 직접현금흐름법이 사용될 수 있다. 계약에 기초한 무형자산 중에서 시장조건에 비하여 유리한 고용 계약은 대체원가법을 사용할수 있다. 이 방법은 해당 무형자산을 재창출하거나 대체할 경우 소요되는 원가를 의미한다. 한편기술에 기초한 무형자산 중에서 소프트웨어나 마스크 작업물 등과 같이 사용허가가 가능한 자산에 대해 로열티 면제법이나 대체원가법을 사용할 수 있다. 사업결합 과정에서 분류되는 무형자산 및 영업권의 금액 정도에 따라 향후 손익에 미치는 영향 이 크므로 무형자산 평가가 중요한 이슈로 대두되고 있으나 평가자의 많은 주관적인 판단과 가정 들이 따를 수밖에 없어 실무적으로 여러 논란과 함께 가장 어려운 분야 중의 하나이다. 본 연구에 서 다루어진 평가기법과 평가절차 및 사례들은 IFRS 초기 도입단계에서 재무제표를 작성하는 기 업, 외부감사인, 학계, 관련 업계 및 관련 당국 등에게 유용한 지침이 될 것이다. This study is designed to write the program for practical guidelines and training in order to provide market participants with the full understanding of valuation methods and procedures in intangible assets. We first introduce the types of identifiable intangible assets in business combinations. And then we present the valuation methods to be applied for major intangible assets by type and describe the steps to take in the process of intangible asset valuation. In doing so, we provide valuation cases to help readers better understand the methods and procedures of intangible asset valuation. The typical fair value method to be applied for marketing-related intangible assets such as trademarks is the relief from royalty method(RFRM). This method first calculates the royalty amount to be saved by multiplying future cash flows by the royalty rate, and then estimate the values of intangible assets by discounting the royalty amount. The fair value method to be applied for customer-related intangible assets including both contract or non-contract customer relationships is the multi-period excess earnings method(MEEM). This is the valuation method which estimates revenues and expenses occurring from the intangible asset for its useful life in order to estimate a profit, and then subtract the charges of contributory assets from the estimated profit to estimate the value of the intangible asset. The types of intangible assets which employ the MEEM for valuation include order backlog and production backlog. The fair value contract-based intangible assets is measured by the current replacement cost, the amount that at the measurement date would be required to replace the service capacity of the asset. The typical fair value measurement for technology-based intangible assets are RFRM or the cost of replacement. How intangible assets are classified and measured in business combinations are critical in determining future earnings. Thus, fair value measurement of intangible assets is an important issue, but subjective judgements and assumptions are not avoidable. We expect the valuation methods, procedures and cases discussed in this study to be useful to IFRS-adopting companies, auditors, regulatory bodies, and financial statement users.

Mutations in <i>gyrA</i> and <i>gyrB</i> in Moxifloxacin-Resistant <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> Complex and <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> Complex Clinical Isolates

Kim, Su-Young,Jhun, Byung Woo,Moon, Seong Mi,Shin, Sun Hye,Jeon, Kyeongman,Kwon, O Jung,Yoo, In Young,Huh, Hee Jae,Ki, Chang-Seok,Lee, Nam Yong,Shin, Sung Jae,Daley, Charles L.,Suh, Gee Young,Koh, Won American Society for Microbiology 2018 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol.62 No.9

<P>Data on the frequency of gyrA and gyrB mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and the Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) are limited. In our analysis, we did not find any resistance-associated mutations in gyrA or gyrB in 105 MAC or MABC clinical isolates, including 72 moxifloxacin-resistant isolates. Our findings suggest that mechanisms other than gyrA and gyrB mutations contribute to moxifloxacin resistance in these organisms.</P>

Anti-apoptotic Activity of Ginsenoside Rb₁ in Hydrogen Peroxide-treated Chondrocytes: Stabilization of Mitochondria and the Inhibition of Caspase-3

Na, Ji-Young,Kim, Sok-Ho,Song, Ki-Bbeum,Lim, Kyu-Hee,Shin, Gee-Wook,Kim, Jong-Hoon,Kim, Bum-Seok,Kwon, Young-Bae,Kwon, Jung-Kee The Korean Society of Ginseng 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.3

Chondrocyte apoptosis has been recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$), which produces reactive oxygen species, reportedly induces apoptosis in chondrocytes. The ginsenoside $Rb_1$ (G-$Rb_1$) is the principal component in ginseng and has been shown to have a variety of biological activities, such as anti-arthritis, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumor activities. In this study, we evaluated the effects of G-$Rb_1$ on the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and caspase-3 activity of chondrocyte apoptosis induced by $H_2O_2$. Cultured rat articular chondrocytes were exposed to $H_2O_2$ with or without G-$Rb_1$ and assessed for viability, MPT, Bcl-xL/Bax expression, caspase-3 activity, and apoptosis. The co-treatment with G-$Rb_1$ showed an inhibition of MPT, caspase-3 activity, and cell death. Additionally, the levels of the apoptotic protein Bax were significantly lower and the levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL were higher compared with $H_2O_2$ treatment alone. The results of this study demonstrate that G-$Rb_1$ protects chondrocytes against $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis, at least in part via the inhibition of MPT and caspase-3 activity. These results demonstrate that G-$Rb_1$ is a potentially useful drug for the treatment of OA patients.

백서 맹장/복벽 찰과상 모델에서 열감응성 유착방지제(Poloxamer/Alginate/CaCl₂ Mixture)의 효과

권성원(Sung Won Kwon),임세환(Se Hwan Lim),이영우(Young Woo Lee),이윤기(Yun Gee Lee),추보영(Bo Young Chu),이진호(Jin Ho Lee),이영무(Young Moo Lee) 대한외과학회 2006 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.71 No.4