여자스포츠선수의 신체적 스트레스성 초경지연에 대한 검증

藤井勝紀(Katsunori Fujii),김준동(Jun Dong Kim),노호성(Hosung Nho) 한국발육발달학회 2011 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.19 No.1

In this study, to determine delayed menarche in individual female athletes, the age at maximum peak velocity of height and the age at menarche of female athletes were applied to the delayed menarche evaluation system developed by Fujii. The age at maximum peak velocity of BMI and the interval with age at menarche were then analyzed for girls judged to have had delayed menarche. An attempt was made to verify the frequency with which physical stress gives rise to delayed menarche. The subjects were 144 female athletes in their final year of high school who had participated in national sports tournaments during their high school years. A control group was made up of 78 girls who did not regularly participate in sports. Information including age, age at menarche, and athletic practice was obtained from a questionnaire given to the athletes and control group. Data were also obtained on the girls longitudinal growth in height and weight from the first year of elementary school (6 years old) to the final year of high school. BMI was calculated from this data, and the wavelet interpolation method was applied for changes in height and BMI with age from 6 to 17 years old. It was found that among female athletes judged to have had delayed menarche the physical stress type of delayed menarche was much more common than fat-related delayed menarche. Therefore, it is speculated that physical stress acts a large role in delayed menarche in athletes.

일본여성의 지역적 차이에 의한 초경지연의 발육학적 검증

藤井勝紀(Katsunori FUJII),노호성(Noh Ho-sung) 한국체육과학회 2009 한국체육과학회지 Vol.18 No.2

To elucidate delayed menarche in female athletes, Fujii established a system to evaluate delayed menarche by deriving the delay in menarche from the interval between age at MPV of height and age at menarche, while at the same time establishing judgments from regression evaluations of age at menarche against age at MPV of height. In this study, the system Fujii developed to evaluate delays in menarche was applied to the age at menarche of girls in the Tokai and Hokuriki regions of Japan, and we then investigated regional differences in delays in menarche between these two regions. The girls were 209 girls from the Tokai region and 96 girls from the Hokuriku region who underwent almost no sports training around the time of menarche. Longitudinal growth data on the girls’ height were obtained from health records from the first year of elementary school until the final (third) year of high school. The age at menarche was obtained from a questionnaire survey of the 209 girls in the Tokai region and 96 girls in the Hokuriku region. The delayed menarche evaluation system was applied to the age at menarche of girls from the Tokai and Hokuriku regions, and the average delay in menarche in the Hokuriku region was estimated from the interval between age at MPV of height and age at menarche. Regression evaluation of age at menarche against age at MPV of height was used to clarify the delay in menarche for individual girls in the Hokuriku region. It was shown that the proportion of girls with delayed menarche was significantly higher in the Hokuriku region than in the Tokai region. This was inferred to be from the effect of stress from living conditions that results from the characteristic climate of the Hokuriku region.

Construction of Evaluation Model in Physical Strength Progress in South Korea United States Naval Academy

Katsunori Fujii,구광수,Ye-Ju Hong,위승완,김준동 한국체육학회 2011 International journal of human movement science Vol.5 No.1

There are almost no reports on the process of physical strength progress in Republic of Naval Academy in South Korea. In the present study, we investigated the shape of changes that occur, described a standard age curve for the four years, and attempted to build a model for evaluating improvements in physical strength by applying wavelet interpolation method (WIM). The subjects were 467 male students of the Korea Naval Academy in a suburb of Busan, South Korea. The 467 subjects included 134 first-year students, 116 second-year students, 113 third-year students, and 104 fourth-year students. In other words, the 467 subjects were used as cross-sectional data. The motor performance measurement included sidesteps, sit and reach, sargent jump, grip strength, push up, sit up, and maximal oxygen uptake ( V ˙O2max). The wavelet interpolation method was then applied to mean values for each physical strength item from the first to fourth years for items in which a significant difference was seen with ANOVA. After analyzing the pattern of physical strength improvements, standard values of mean ± 0.5 SD and mean ± 1.5 SD were determined with the mean and standard deviation in each year as the criterion, and the wavelet interpolation method was applied to those standard values. As shown in the growth distance curve depicted with wavelet interpolation, there were rapid increases in sidesteps, sargent jump, grip strength, and sit up until the third year. In the fourth year slight stagnation or a decreasing trend was seen. Push-ups increased rapidly until the second year and a slight increasing trend was seen even through the fourth year. In V ˙O2max, a larger decreasing trend was seen from the third to the fourth year. And models of those rising trends were constructed with the wavelet interpolation method. An evaluation chart was constructed from those constructed models. The evaluation model chart derived in this study can be used to evaluate trends in physical strength with each school year in individuals. If one plots one’s own physical strength records on this evaluation model chart, physical strength trends can be evaluated. If this evaluation system were introduced in the Naval Academy, it may contribute greatly to the educational system of the Academy.

한국과 일본 유아의 체격,운동능력 비교검토 -남아의 동일평가 기준에 의한 해석-

( Fujii Katsunori ),( Hayakawa Kentaro ),백승희(SeungHuiBaek),김준동(JunDongKim) 한국체육학회 2014 한국체육학회지 Vol.53 No.1

본 연구는 한국과 일본의 남아를 대상으로 동일한 방법으로 신체적 특징과 체력을 비교 검토하여, 한국과 일본유아의 비만도, 체력의 관계를 비교하였다. 대상자는 3세부터 5세 사이의 일본남아 93명, 한국남아 103명이었으며, 측정 항목은 신체구성 성분과 운동능력측정 6종목이었다. 신장에 대한 체중의 회기다항식을 구하고, 평가차트를 구축하였다. 이러한 데이터에서 양국의 비만도 빈도분포를 구하고, x2 검정을 실시한 결과, 일본보다 한국남아가 비만형으로 나타났다. 반대로 신장, 체중, BMI의 수치는 일본남아 보다 한국남아가 유의하게 높았으나, 운동능력은 반복 옆으로뛰기, 매달리기, 줄 넘고 기어 나오기에서 일본남아에 비하여 한국남아가 낮은 수준을 나타냈다. 한편 한국남아의 마른형, 표준형, 비만형 별로 운동능력을 비교한 결과, 유의차는 나타나지 않았으며, 일본남아에서도 동일하였다. 두 나라간 비교에서는, 마른형과 표준형의 운동능력 중 매달리기, 반복 옆으로 뛰기, 줄 뛰어넘고 기어 나오기에서 유의차가 나타났으며, 비만형에서는 줄 넘고 기어 나오기에서만 유의차가 나타났다. 결과적으로 한국남아는 일본남아보다 비만경향이 있으며, 근지구력, 민첩성 같은 운동능력이 낮은 결과가 나타났다. 추후, 양육환경의 개선과 일상생활 중놀이를 통한 신체활동량 확보가 중요과제가 될 것으로 사료된다. There are few comparative investigations of physique and motor fitness between children in Japan and South Korea. In the present study, physique and motor fitness were simultaneously measured in Japanese and Korean preschool boys, and motor fitness in boys with different levels of body fatness, determined based on regression polynomial of weight against height, was compared between the two countries. The subjects were 93 five-years-old boys in kindergartens in Aichi Prefecture, and 103 five-years-old boys in a kindergarten in a suburb of Seoul. Regression polynomials of weight against height were made, the degree that was valid for these polynomials was determined, and regression polynomial evaluation charts were constructed in both countries. The frequency distribution derived from body fatness determination was obtained, and the x2 test was applied to their distributions in both counties. As a result, it was shown that there were significantly more boys of the fat type in Korean boys than in Japanese boys. ANOVA revealed no significant differences in motor fitness between slim, normal and fat types in either country. The t-test between motor fitness in Japanese and Korean boys of the slim and normal types showed significant differences in chinning, sidestep, and jump over and crawl, and in jump over and crawl for the fat type. Accordingly, the results show that Korean boys have a lower level of motor fitness than Japanese boys.

An Approach to One-Year Time Series Anal ysis of Physical Growth in Young Children

Fujii, Katsunori(후지이 카츠노리),Kasuya, Kohsuke(카스야 코스케),Kim, Jun-Dong(김준동) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.6

유아기 신체발육의 대하여, 월별로 해석되는 발달은 계절변동인지 주기적 변동인지 찬반의견이 갈리지만, 결국 주기적변동의 요소가 강하다는 의견이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 유아기 어린나이의 유아를 대상으로 신장을 월별로 측정하여 Wavelet 보정법으로 해석하였다. 발육속도곡선을 나타나고 LPV(Local Peak Velocity) 출현점을 해석하였다. 이러한 신장 월별발육 패턴의 주기성은 어린 남유아 54명, 여유아 58명의 1년간 신장 데이터에서 얻었으며, Wavelet 보정법을 사용하고 월별 발육현량치 곡선을 미분하여 속도곡선 LPV를 얻었다. 검출된 1년간 LPV 출현 패턴은 남녀유아 모두 3군데, 4군데인 경우가 많았다. LPV 출현시기는 남녀유아 모두 5-6월경, 8-9월경, 12월경에 나타났다. 최대 LPV 출현시기는 5-6월경과 8-9월경에 다수 나타났다. 따라서 신장의 주기적 변동으로서 여름에 발육이 촉진되지만, 한편으로는 겨울이라도 발육이 촉진되는 경우도 있어, 역시 유전적인 신장 월별발육 패턴에는 주기성이 추정된다. 유아 중에서 약간 나이가 높은 유아의 경우도 비슷한 경향이 나타나고 있고, 결국, 계절변동 보다는 유전적인 주기적 발육 패턴이 보인다고 할 수 있다.

자연과학편 : 유아의 체격,운동능력을 중심으로 연령증가변화를 파악하기 위한 평가차트의 구축

( Fujii Katsunori ),( Tanaka Nozomi ),김준동(JunDongKim) 한국체육학회 2014 한국체육학회지 Vol.53 No.6

본 연구는 3세에서 5세까지의 일본유아(남아: 318명, 여아: 332명)를 대상으로 체격과 운동능력결과에 최소이승근이다항식을 적용하고 연령증가에 따른 영향을 검토하였다. 측정항목은 신장, 체중, 체지방량, 근육률, 20 m달리기, 제자리멀리뛰기, 테니스공던지기, 줄 넘고 기어 나오기이었으며, 측정결과에 따라 연령증가경향이 나타난 신체적 요소에대하여 월 연령을 계산한 회귀다항식평가차트를 구축하였다. 측정결과는 3세부터 5세까지 신장·체중이 직선적 연령증가가 나타났지만, 체지방률, 근육률의 연령증가변화는 나타나지 않았다. 운동능력에서는 4종목 모두 명확한 연령증가변화가 나타났다. 월 연령을 고려하면, 신장, 체중, 20 m달리기, 제자리멀리뛰기, 테니스공던지기, 줄 넘고 기어 나오기에서 연령증가변화가 나타남으로써 1차부터 3차까지 회기다항식평가차트의 구축이 가능하게 되었다. 이러한 분석방법은 서로 다른 연령의 유아를 대상으로, 운동능력을 동시에 비교·평가할 수 있다는 장점이 있다고 사료된다. In this study we applied least squares approximation to exact monthly age over a three-year span for physique, bodycomposition and motor fitness in 3- and 5-year-old Japanese children, and examined the age composition. The subjects werepreschool children in some kindergartens of Aichi prefecture. They included 318 boys and 332 girls enrolled in the study inMay 2009. The physical attributes measured were height, weight for physique, and body fat, muscle percentage for bodycomposition, and 20 m dash, standing long jump, tennis ball throw, and jump over-and-under for motor fitness. A leastsquares approximation polynomial was applied to the measured values for physique and motor fitness at exact month of age. A change with age was seen in height and weight for both boys and girls, and from a primary to cubic regression polynomialwas valid. However, no change with age in body fat and muscle percentage were seen. Changes with age in physical fitnessitems were seen in both boys and girls for 20 m dash, standing long jump, tennis ball throw and jump over-and-under. Inphysique, cubic regression polynomials were valid for height in boys, and primary regression polynomials were valid forweight in boys and height and weight in girls. All of these are items for which from a primary regression to cubic polynomialwere valid. An attempt was made to construct a regression evaluation chart for month of age with consideration of this agecomposition.

유유아 신체발달의 시대적 변동을 제어하는 고도 경제 성장의 요인 분석

藤井勝紀(Fujii, Katsunori),可兒勇樹(Kani, Yuki),糟谷浩輔(Kasuya, Kosuke),김준동(Kim, Jun-Dong) 한국체육과학회 2017 한국체육과학회지 Vol.26 No.5

The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has published measurement records on height, weight, chest circumference, and head circumference in 0 to 6 year-old children from 1960 to 2010 as indicators of physical development in early childhood in Japan. Physical development evaluation charts have been developed from these records using percentile methods, but reports on the trends in physical development over time are limited. This is because no method has been established to scientifically analyze physical growth. Even more difficult is investigating secular trends in physical growth and linking those trends to economic growth. In this study, we identified the first largest peak velocity (FLPV) during the year after birth in infant physical growth records (height, weight, chest circumference, head circumference), and applied the wavelet interpolation model to the variations over time in the identified FLPV. Next, we applied the wavelet interpolation model to the secular variations in GDP for the same years. We then applied a cross correlation function to the relationship between the curves of FLPV and GDP variations over time, and investigated how high economic growth acts as a controlling factor variations in physical development of young children over time. The speed of variation in the physical development of children over time was the greatest around 1980. By synchronizing GDP to that time, the results suggest that high economic growth is a controlling factor in the physical development of young children.

해군사관학교 사관생도의 학년 진행에 따른 신체적 특성의 변화구도

카타스노리후지이(Katsunori Fujii),위승완(Seung Wan Wie),구광수(Kwang Soo Koo),홍예주(Ye Ju Hong),오덕자(Duck Ja Oh) 한국여성체육학회 2010 한국여성체육학회지 Vol.24 No.5

The objective of this study is to investigate the change of physical Characteristics such as progress of the physique, body fat percent, physical fitness and kinetic ability in 1 to 4 grades of navel cadets. In result of study, the change which follows in grade progress of the resultant physique and body fat percent did not appear significantly, but the change in physical item of the side step, the sargent jump, grip strength, push up, sit up, and VO2max which excepts sit and reach of the physical fitness factor followed in grade progress appeared significant. In addition, those changes in order to verify the composition of the second least squares approximation polynomials to interpret trends in the changes to apply. The side step, sargent jump, grip strength, and push up appeared the rapid increased tendency like the secondary polynomial until 3 grades and the tendency which is stagnant from 3 and 4 grades appeared. The sit upappeared decrement tendency extended in 3 and 4 grades, VO2max decreased tendency more and more 3 grades to 4 grades. In order to verify the change composition also from interpreted the change tendency to apply the secondary least square approximate polynomial. But the correlation analysis between body fat percent and physical strength did not appear in grade progress. In the result which investigates the accumulation degree of body fat percent for the regression polynomial of the body fat percent in BMI, the accumulation degree of body fat percent in BMI appeared too small fat in grade progress.

한국여성에 대한 초경시작 구조에 관한 모색기준의 구조에 관한 모색

藤井勝紀(Katsunori Fujii),구광수(Kwang Soo Koo),홍예주(Ye Ju Hong),백운효(Un Hyo Baek) 한국발육발달학회 2010 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.18 No.4

In this study, Korean female were first divided into 3 height categories of short, average, and tall, and then height, weight, and BMI at the time of menarche, which were derived using the wavelet interpolation method, were analyzed and an attempt was made to create indicators for onset of menarche. First, wavelet interpolation was applied to longitudinal growth data for height, weight, and BMI, after which distance values for height, weight, and BMI at the age of menarche were determined from the derived growth distance curves. Next, the girls were divided into 3 height categories of short, average, and tall based on their height in the second year of high school, and the height, weight, and BMI at the time of menarche for the 3 categories were determined and compared between the groups. Height at the time of menarche was found to be 147 ± 4.12 cm in the short group, 152.1 ± 4.95 cm in the average group, and 159 ± 5.44 cm in the tall group. Weight at the time of menarche was 43.4 ± 6.84 kg in the short group, 43.8 ± 5.92 kg in the average group, and 50.2 ± 9.45 kg in the tall group. BMI at the time of menarche was 20.1 ± 2.83 in the short group, 18.9 ± 2.22 in the average group, and 19.8 ± 3.4 in the tall group. Upon applying analysis of variance to height, weight, and BMI at the time of menarche in the short, average, and tall groups, significant differences (p < 0.05) were seen in both height and weight at the time of menarche in all three groups. No significant difference was seen in BMI at the time of menarche. BMI, which is relatively stable at the time of menarche and unrelated to final height, was therefore taken as a criterion, and use of BMI at the time of menarche was judged to be useful as an indicator of onset of menarche.

민족 간 신장 차이와 Bergmann법칙의 적용 가능성

藤井勝紀(Fujii, Katsunori),김준동(Kim, Jun-Dong) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.4

Bergmann’s rule(Bergmann, 1847)states that homeothermic animals that live in colder regions such as Northern Europe have larger body sizes with smaller surface area in proportion to body weight in order to minimize heat dissipation. Conversely, in tropical regions body surface area is larger to maximize heat dissipation. For this, shorter heights are advantageous. As to whether this rule applies to humans, surveys of peoples living in cold and tropical regions of the world show that heights tend to be taller in the north and shorter in the south, but simplistic application of Bergmann’s rule cannot always be done in recent years. This is from the effect on physical development of socioeconomic growth in recent years. In the Netherlands, for example, Bergmann’s rule does not apply to height. If one looks only at recent years in this way, a human environmental bias from socioeconomic development is seen and so judgments cannot be made with height alone in each country of Europe today. This human environmental bias can be eliminated applying the secular trend standardization chart for height proposed in this study. Judging the changes in height over the span of about 120 years from 1860 to 1980 with this method allows for evaluation of the height trends in countries located in Northern, Central, and Southern Europe. Heights can then be conveniently explained with Bergmann’s rule. Of course, scientific verification of Bergmann’s rule remains a task for the future.