Forced Aerated Poultry Compost Effects on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Lettuce Plant Growth

Fawad Khan,Jayanta Kumar Basak,Mustafa Jaihuni,이덕현,이준현,김현태 한국농업기계학회 2020 바이오시스템공학 Vol.45 No.2

Purpose In previous studies, the stability and maturity of forced aerated composts were examined from the physicochemical analysis inside the reactors. The objective of this study is to check the maturity and effects of forced aerated composts after its addition to soil and plants. Methods The composts were prepared from fresh chicken manure and sawdust in cylindrical reactors and aerated at 0.75, 0.50, and 0.25 L min−1 kg−1 organic matter (OM) for 1 month. Afterward, it was mixed with soil and coded as treatment T1 (0.75 L min−1 kg−1 OM aeration rate + soil), T2 (0.50 L min−1 kg−1 OM aeration rate + soil), T3 (0.25 L min−1 kg−1 OM aeration rate + soil), and CS (only soil), respectively. The soil properties (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter content (OM), loss of organic matter content, bulk density (BD), water holding(WH)) and plant growth (shoot length (cm), leaves’ area (cm2), fresh and dry weight (g)) were checked for 4 months. Results The results showed a significant increase (at P < 0.05) in soil properties in T1, T2, and T3 as compared with CS. Among treatments T1, T2, and T3, the maximumpH (7.20 ± 0.07),OMdegradation (77.06%), loss of organic matter (6.32 ± 0.42%), and WH (32.17 ± 0.32%) were observed in T3. Additionally, the lowest EC (1.15 ± 0.02 mS/cm) and BD (1.06 ± 0.02%) were observed in T3. Further a significant increased difference (at P < 0.05) in shoot length (21.40 ± 1.01 cm), leaves’ area (293.20 ± 16.33 cm2), fresh weight (88.22 ± 7.30 g), and dry weight (12.10 ± 0.91 g) of the plant were observed in T3. Conclusion The poultry manure compost’s aerated rate (0.25 L min−1 kg−1 OM) in T3 was observed to be more mature and stable as compared with T1 and T2.

Assessment of Containerized Substrates Developed from Poultry Manure Compost and Commercial Soil for Strawberry Plants Production as a Coco Peat Alternative

( Fawad Khan ),( Jayanta Kumar Basak ),( Frank Gyan Okyere ),( Elanchezhian Arulmozhi ),( Ji-hoon Park ),( Deog-hyun Lee ),( Hyeon-tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2019 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.24 No.1

Optimal strawberry production requires a favorable environment and availability of essential nutrients for growth. Major elements such as NPK is required in the optimal quantity, followed by secondary elements to aid the growth of strawberry plants. Hence this study was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of growth (growth rate) of strawberry plants in different media using image processing techniques. The medium for growth was labeled Compost A and B. Compost A (Bioplus Coco peat) was a standardized compost made of coconut and other biodegradable materials which are commonly used in South Korea for vegetable production. Compost B was prepared from the mixture of poultry manure and sawdust (wood chipping mill) using a concrete mixer while maintaining a C/N ration of 65% and 25% respectively. Compost B was mixed with sandy-loam soil at different rates of 15%, 30% and 45% (T1, T2, and T3). The essential nutrients were analyzed on both composts at the early and later stages of growth of the strawberry. The results of the experiments show that plants in compost A recorded an average growth rate of 65% per week. Analysis of nutrients availability showed that more than 60% of nutrients available at the early stage of growth had been used up by the plants at the latter stage of growth. Plant growth rate in compost B was highest in T3 mixture (53% growth rate/week) as compared to the T2 mixture ( 45% growth rate/week) and T1 mixture (34% growth rate/ week) It was concluded a 45% mixture of Compost B and sandy - loam soil could be used as an alternative growth medium for the cultivation of strawberries plants.

Luminescence in Li₆YGd(BO₃)₃:Tb³⁺,Dy³⁺ Phosphors

Fawad, U.,Kim, H. J.,Khan, A.,Khan, Matiullah,Muhammad, Wazir American Scientific Publishers 2018 Science of advanced materials Vol.10 No.11

Thermal Increment in Window Less Livestock Barn Using Radiant Heating Lamps on Photovoltaic Panels

( Fawad Khan ),( Qasim Waqas ),( Jayanta Kumar Basak ),( Frank Gyan Okyere ),( Jihoon Park ),( Elanchezhian ),( Yongjin ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.2

The location of livestock barn Gyeongsang National University having latitude 35° 9' 6.14"N, longitude 128° 5' 44.40" E. The dimension was 3.3m wide, 5.4m length by 2.9m height and material was used galvanized steel and polystyrene material. For the indoor temperature collection 27 air location was selected and K-type thermocouples and Graphtec Midi logger (GL-820) device were used. Also, two PTΏ100 sensors attached to the MOACON Control system for the comparison of temperature with K-type of thermocouples. Photovoltaic panels were fixed on the south roof of livestock barn and attach to radiant heating lamps. The numbers of 4 pig models were used and two incandescent bulbs (60 watts) were fixed to keep the pig body temperature 38-39°C. The weather data was recorded by installing the Campbell Scientific, Inc. near livestock barn. The influence on indoor air temperature with pig and without pig was 1.3°C while with solar the temperature increase up to 2.5°C. The correlation analysis showed the positive relationship and R²= 0.87 with pig while with the solar panel the R²= 0.89. Finally, it was confirmed that using photovoltaic panels for livestock barn which can enhance the indoor temperature and achieve comfortably.

Ensuring Trust and Confidentiality for Adaptive Video Streaming in ICN

Fawad Khan,Hui Li 한국통신학회 2019 Journal of communications and networks Vol.21 No.6

With the dissemination of huge amount of video contentover the internet, information centric networking (ICN) hasemerged as a potential candidate to effectively exploit it and improvethe QoS. ICN decouples content from its location by caching,which can later be retrieved by consumers from their nearest locations. Various experimental studies have depicted the performancemerits of dynamic adaptive streaming via HTTP (DASH) over ICNfor improving QoS. However, there are two challenges that needto be addressed in the context of DASH over an ICN environment. The first one from content consumer domain is that the relevance,integrity, and provenance (RIP) of content should be guaranteed. RIP ensures trust establishment between publisher and consumerof content. The second one that concerns the content publisher isthe confidentiality of DASH media, so that any consumer can viewthe particular quality or resolution of video based on his designatedprivileged rights. We address these two mentioned issues with thecontext of DASH over ICN. The performance and security analysisof our scheme depict its effectiveness for enforcing access control ofadaptive streaming media in an ICN environment.

Assessment of Combined Trichoderma-Enriched Biofertilizer and Nutrients Solutions on the Growth and Yield of Strawberry Plants

Khan Fawad,김나은,Bhujel Anil,Jaihuni Mustafa,이덕현,Basak Jayanta Kumar,김현태 한국농업기계학회 2021 바이오시스템공학 Vol.46 No.3

Purpose The use of biofertilizers not only decreases the level of a nutrient solution but also improves the growth of plants and reduces the risk of environmental pollution. In this study, the impact of Trichoderma-enriched biofertilizer (poultry manure composted and Trichoderma harzianum YC459 (TEB), standard nutrient solution (SNS), and the combination of both (TEB + SNS) were utilized to evaluate the growth, yield, and nutritional quality of strawberry plants (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Method The strawberry plants were planted in four treatments—control soil (CS, without TEB and SNS), T1 (SNS), T2 (TEB), and T3 (50% SNS + 50% TEB) — in a controlled greenhouse. Several scientific instruments such as a ubiquitous broadcast network (UBN) farm link control management system, sensor nodes, nutrient controller, composting reactor, digital refractor meter, dry oven, digital balance, and different chemical techniques were used for a particular purpose. Results Consequently, analysis of variance was performed, and a significant increase in yield values (123.07–145.83% and 88.46–100.00%) was recorded over control by T3 and T1, respectively. Also, the vegetative growth parameters, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, and total sugar content were observed higher in T3. Conclusion It was observed that the combined use of Trichoderma-enriched biofertilizer with the standard nutrient solution could improve the growth, yield, and quality of the strawberry plant.

Assessments of different types of biodegradable pots strength and its effects on plant growth

( Fawad Khan ),( Gyeong Mun Choi ),( Na Eun Kim ),( Jayanta Kumar Basak ),( Mustafa Jaihuni ),( Anil Bhujel ),( Deog Hyun Lee ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2020 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.25 No.2

This work is to increase the positive footprint of paper waste products by designing ‘‘eco-effective’’ solutions according to the regenerative design framework. Reutilization of five kinds of pots(waste of newspaper) is proposed here to close the loop at the end of the product life cycle. The aim was to design, manufacture and examine the strength of biodegradable pots were evaluated after the cultivation of paper plants. It is expected that by understanding the degradation rate of the investigated products and to support plant growth, it will be possible to optimize paper pots manufacturing to assure sufficient mechanical resistance and the desired rate of degradation. Five kinds (S0, S1, S1-1, S2, and S2-1) of biodegradable pots were made from old newspaper, and chilly plants were planted in the control greenhouse. Consequently, analysis of variance was performed, and a significant increase in holding moisture content was observed in S1 (73.75±1.92 %). The plant height (15.60±0.99 cm), stem diameter (1.60±0.20 cm), leaves length (3.51±0.0.20 cm) was higher in the S1 pots. However, the regression analysis values in the case of tension (R²=0.63) and compression (R²=0.99) with moisture content was shown by S0. It was concluded that S1 positively improve the growth of plants and hold optimum moisture content.

Control Indoor Thermal Environment Using MOACON System and Solar Panel in Experimental Pig Barn

( Fawad Khan ),( Qasim Waqas ),( Jayanta Kumar Basak ),( Frank Gyan Okyere ),( Jihoon Park ),( Elanchezhian Arulmozhi ),( Yong Jin Lee ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.2

The study deal to control indoor thermal comfort in the pig barn using the solar panels. For this purpose, pig barn was built in Gyeongsang National University with the geographical location of latitude 35° 9 '6.14 "N, longitude 128° 5' 44.40" E, height 44 m. The pig ban dimension was 3.3m wide by 5.4m high by 2.9m high, and the roof and walls were from the expanded polystyrene panel (EPS) 0.05 m thick. In pig barn instruments was the control system of PC for the control program and data storage, MOACON DP-CPU500 (communication part), RS-ADIN4 (analog value input part), CF-DORL8 (output control part), RS-THRT4 (Temperature input unit), SMPS for power supply and six heating lamps. The heating lamps are attached to the solar panel and operating to keep the desired temperature. The weather data, Campbell Scientific, Inc. was installed in front of pig barn for collecting weather data including ambient temperature, amount of solar radiation. The average value was stored in data logger (CR100) and the time interval is 5 minutes. The result showed that the inside temperature increased and reached the desired level (25~28°C) by using the solar panel. Finally, it is confirmed that using solar panels for pig barn is a good solution to maintain thermal comfort and reduce the cost.

Photoluminescent properties of white-light-emitting Li₆Y(BO₃)₃:Dy³⁺ phosphor

Fawad, U.,Kim, H.J.,Khan, S.,Khan, M.,Ali, L. Elsevier 2016 SOLID STATE SCIENCES Vol.62 No.-

<P>In this study, lithiumyttrium borate (LYBO) phosphor was doped with various concentrations of trivalent dysprosium ions. To produce these phosphors, the raw materials were sintered. The phase conformation, crystallinity, grain size, and overall morphology of the synthesized phosphors were studied with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The optimized LYBO phosphor, i. e., the LYBO phosphor that exhibited the highest X-ray-and ultraviolet (UV)-induced photoluminescent intensities, had a Dy3+ concentration of 4 mol%. Photoluminescence analysis showed that this phosphor could be easily excited with near-UV light (300-400 nm). The dominant photoluminescence bands were found in the blue (480 nm) and yellow (577 nm) regions of the visible spectrum. The light yield of the X-ray-induced luminescence of the optimized Li6Y(BO3)(3): Dy(3+)was found to be 66% of that of the commercially available X-ray imaging material, Gd2O2S: Tb3+ (GOS). The chromaticity coordinates of the Li6Y(BO3)(3): Dy3+ phosphor were x = 0.34 and y = 0.32, which agree well with achromatic white (x = 0.33, y = 0.33). The results of this study show that the synthesized Li6Y(BO3)(3): Dy(3+)phosphor could be used as X-ray imaging material. (C) 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.</P>

Application of Solar Photovoltaic System for Heat Balance in Livestock Barn

( Fawad Khan ),( Waqas Qasim ),( Byeong Eun Moon ),( Jayanta Kumar Basak ),( Frank Gyan Okyere ),( Yong Jin Lee ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

In this study we deal with the heat balance. It is very important to maintain desired comfort in winter and reduce heating costs. Heating costs depend on several factor, air infiltration rate, heat loss through structure in the heat supply systems. Experiment were performed to maintain heat balance in livestock barn by using the solar photovoltaic cell and estimate its thermal performance. For this purpose a drying room (latitude 35 ° 9 '6.14 N, longitude 128 ° 5' 44.40 E, height 44 m) in Gyeongsang National University was built. The livestock barn chamber was 3.3 m wide by 5.4 m high by 2.9 m high, and the roof and walls were made the same with the EPS panel 0.05 m thick. The drying room consist of several instruments including control system, MOACON DP-CPU500, RS-ADIN4, CF-DORL8, RS-THRT4, SMPS for power supply and six heating lamps. The heating lamps is attached to solar photovoltaic cell and operating to keep desired temperature. The weather sensor Campbell Scientific, Inc. was installed in front of livestock barn for collecting weather data including ambient temperature, amount of solar radiation, wind speed and direction .The average value was stored in data logger (CR100) and time interval is 5 minutes. Our requirement of extra energy for heat balance is 40% which provided by heating lamps attached to solar panel. Finally utilizing the solar photovoltaic cell in livestock barn it is confirmed, that solar photovoltaic cell provide energy for heat balance and fulfill our requirement.