Studies on Development of Preparation Method of Black Soybean Chungkukjang

Fang-Fang Liu,Min-kyeng Choi,Min-Woo Jeong,Kun-Young Park 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2013 No.11

Preventive Effects of Colon Colitis in Balb/c Mice by Doenjang Prepared with Starters and Bamboo Salts

Fang-Fang Liu,Min-kyeng Choi,Min-Woo Jeong,Kun-Young Park 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2013 No.11

Kochujang (Korean fermented red pepper paste) Attenuates High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Regulating Lipid Metabolism

Fang-Fang Liu,Jae-Hoon Seo,Jeung-Ha Kil,Kun-Young Park 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2014 No.10

Anticancer Effects of Kochujang (Korean fermented red pepper paste) on Azoxymethane (AOM)/Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) Induced Colitis-related Colon Cancer in C57BL/6J Mice

Fang-Fang Liu,Jae-Hoon Seo,Kun-Young Park 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2014 No.10

Identification of QTLs associated with the anaerobic germination potential using a set of Oryza nivara introgression lines

Licheng Liu,Xiaoxiang Li,Sanxiong Liu,Jun Min,Wenqiang Liu,Xiaowu Pan,Baohua Fang,Min Hu,Zhongqi Liu,Yongchao Li,Haiqing Zhang 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.4

Background Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop and a staple food for half of the population around the world. The recent water and labor shortages are encouraging farmers to shift from traditional transplanting to direct-seeding. However, poor germination and slow elongation of the coleoptile constrains large-scale application of direct-seeding. Objective Thisstudy was aimed to investigate the genetic basis of the anaerobic germination(AG) potential using a set of Oryza nivara (O. nivara) introgressionlines (ILs). Methods Inthis study, a total of 131 ILs were developed by introducing O. nivara chromosomesegments into the elite indica rice variety 93-11 through advanced backcrossingand repeated selfng. A high-density genetic map has been previouslyconstructed with 1,070 bin-markers. The seeds of ILs were germinated and usedto measure coleoptile length under normal and anaerobic conditions. QTLsassociated with AG potential were determined in rice. Results Basedon the high-density genetic map of the IL population, two QTLs, qAGP1 and qAGP3 associated with AG tolerance were characterized and locatedon chromosomes 1 and 3, respectively. Each QTL explained 15% of the phenotypic variance.Specifcally, the O. nivara-derived chromosomesegments of the two QTLs were positively tolerance to anaerobic condition byincreasing coleoptile length. In a further analysis of public transcriptomedata, a total of 26 and 36 genes within qAGP1 and qAGP3 were transcriptionallyinduced by anaerobic stress, respectively. Conclusions Utilizationof O. nivara-derived alleles at qAGP1 and qAGP3 can potentially enhance tolerance to anaerobic stress at thegermination stage in rice, thereby accelerating breeding of rice varieties tobe more adaptative for direct-seeding.

가격복잡성, 소비자혼란 및 쇼핑피로감에 기반한 온라인 호텔 예약 지연

류팡팡(Fang-Fang Liu),설훈구(Hoon-Ku Sul) 한국관광학회 2024 관광학연구 Vol.48 No.2

중국에서 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 모바일 호텔예약 앱들은 사용자들에게 폭넓은 숙박 옵션과 다양한 가격대를 제공하나, 가격의 복잡성과 정보 과다로 인해 사용자의 혼란을 야기하고 결정을 미루게 만들고 있다. 이에 대응하여, 모바일 예약 서비스 제공자들은 소비자의 혼란을 완화하고 예약 절차를 단순화하여 소비자 만족도를 높이고 장기적인 소비자 유지를 도모할 수 있는 전략을 개발하고 실행할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이러한 배경에서 이 연구는 중국 모바일 호텔예약 앱 서비스 환경에서 가격복잡성, 소비자혼란, 쇼핑피로감 및 구매지연 사이의 영향관계를 살펴보았으며, 특히 이러한 영향 관계에서 쇼핑피로감의 매개효과, 예약경험의 조절효과와 조절된 매개효과에 대해 실증적 검정을 수행하였다. 연구를 위해 중국 모바일 호텔예약 앱을 이용하여 호텔을 예약한 경험이 있는 사용자를 대상으로 온라인 설문 조사를 진행하였으며, 305명의 유효한 표본을 최중 분석에 활용하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 중국 모바일 호텔예약 앱 서비스의 가격복잡성과 소비자혼란은 모두 쇼핑피로감과 구매지연에 유의한 정적 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 소비자의 쇼핑피로감이 구매지연에 정적 영향을 미치며, 가격복잡성, 소비자혼란, 및 구매지연 사이의 관계에서 쇼핑피로감이 부분적 매개효과를 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 마지막으로, 소비자혼란과 구매지연 간의 관계에서 예약경험이 조절역할과 조절된 매개역할을 수행한다는 점이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 연구 결과는 호텔예약 앱이 가격 정보의 명확성과 비교의 용이성을 향상시켜야 하며, 사용자 맞춤형 서비스와 신속한 반응으로 소비자의 혼란과 피로감을 경감시키는 전략이 필요함을 제시한다. 이 연구는 호텔예약 분야의 이해와 지식을 확장하고 실질적인 문제의 해결 방안을 마련하는 데 있어 중요한 기여를 할 것으로 기대된다. In China, the rapid expansion of mobile hotel reservation apps has led to an information overload, resulting in pricing complexity, user confusion, and subsequent booking delays. In the context of mobile hotel booking app services in China, this study empirically examined the relationships between price complexity, consumer confusion, shopping fatigue, and purchase delay. Additionally, it also tested the mediating effect of shopping fatigue and both the moderating and the moderated mediation effects of reservation experience on these relationships. To this end, an online survey targeting Chinese consumers with an experience of booking hotels using mobile apps in China was carried out, and a total of 305 valid responses were analyzed. The key findings are as follows. Firstly, both the price complexity and consumer confusion exerted positive impacts on shopping fatigue and purchase delay. Secondly, shopping fatigue positively impacted purchase delay. Furthermore, shopping fatigue partially mediated the relationship between price complexity, consumer confusion, and purchase delay. Finally, reservation experience significantly influenced the relationship between consumer confusion and purchase delay, serving as a moderating factor and as a moderated mediating factor. The findings of this study can help enrich the understanding and knowledge base in the hotel reservation domain and devise practical and effective solutions to tackle related challenges.

Effect of qigong exercise and acupressure rehabilitation program on pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19: A randomized controlled trial

Shu-ting Liu,Chao Zhan,Yun-jing Ma,Chao-yang Guo,Wei Chen,Xiao-ming Fang,Lei Fang 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.-

Background There are several effective complementary and integrative therapies for patients with severe COVID-19. The trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and advantages of the qigong exercise and acupressure rehabilitation program (QARP) for treating patients with severe COVID-19. Methods A total of 128 patients with COVID-19 aged 20 to 80 years were recruited and randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive QARP plus standard therapies or standard therapies alone. QARP consisted of acupressure therapy and qigong exercise (Liu Zi Jue). The primary outcome was measured with the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, and the secondary outcomes included the modified Borg dyspnea scale (MBS), fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14), patient health questionnaire-9 scale (PHQ-9), duration of respiratory symptoms, and vital signs. Results In total, 128 patients completed the clinical trial. The QARP group and standard therapies group showed significant improvements in vital signs (except blood pressure) and clinical scales compared with baseline (p<0.05). The QARP group also showed more significant improvement in the mMRC dyspnea scale (-1.8 [-2.1, -1.6], p=0.018) and modified Borg dyspnea scale (-3.7 [95% confidence intervals (CI) -4.3, -3.1], p=0.045). The duration of cough was 14.3 days (95% CI 12.6, 16.1, p=0.046), and the length of hospital stay was 18.5 days (95% CI 17.0, 20.0, p=0.042) in the QARP group, both of which were significantly reduced compared with the standard therapies group (p<0.05). Conclusion QARP plus standard therapies improved lung function and symptoms such as dyspnea and cough in patients with severe COVID-19 and shortened the length of hospital stay. Therefore, QARP may be considered an effective treatment option for patients with severe COVID-19. Trial registration Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: ChiCTR2000029994 Background There are several effective complementary and integrative therapies for patients with severe COVID-19. The trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and advantages of the qigong exercise and acupressure rehabilitation program (QARP) for treating patients with severe COVID-19. Methods A total of 128 patients with COVID-19 aged 20 to 80 years were recruited and randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive QARP plus standard therapies or standard therapies alone. QARP consisted of acupressure therapy and qigong exercise (Liu Zi Jue). The primary outcome was measured with the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, and the secondary outcomes included the modified Borg dyspnea scale (MBS), fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14), patient health questionnaire-9 scale (PHQ-9), duration of respiratory symptoms, and vital signs. Results In total, 128 patients completed the clinical trial. The QARP group and standard therapies group showed significant improvements in vital signs (except blood pressure) and clinical scales compared with baseline (p<0.05). The QARP group also showed more significant improvement in the mMRC dyspnea scale (-1.8 [-2.1, -1.6], p=0.018) and modified Borg dyspnea scale (-3.7 [95% confidence intervals (CI) -4.3, -3.1], p=0.045). The duration of cough was 14.3 days (95% CI 12.6, 16.1, p=0.046), and the length of hospital stay was 18.5 days (95% CI 17.0, 20.0, p=0.042) in the QARP group, both of which were significantly reduced compared with the standard therapies group (p<0.05). Conclusion QARP plus standard therapies improved lung function and symptoms such as dyspnea and cough in patients with severe COVID-19 and shortened the length of hospital stay. Therefore, QARP may be considered an effective treatment option for patients with severe COVID-19. Trial registration Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: ChiCTR2000029994

Wireless PKI : The Technology Solution for Wireless Application

Fang Liu 한국멀티미디어학회 2006 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2006 No.-

The huge success of wireless network is about to transform e-business and the Internet. The consumers can shop, bank and transact with one another, anywhere at anytime using wireless device, such as mobile phone, PDA and so on. The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) suite enables secure e-commerce services and wireless applications. This paper introduces an overview of WAP and WPKI model. Therefore, in this paper the aim is to show in the abstract, how and why WPKI would support particular wireless applications' security requirements in the WAP environment. This paper will mainly focus on the technical issues and the implement of WPKI in the WAP environment.

중국 자국어교육에서 독서교육의 내용체계 분석

( Fang Liu ) 한국독서학회 2016 독서연구 Vol.0 No.38

이 논문의 목적은 중국 의무교육 단계의 학교교육을 중심으로 중국 자국어교육에서 독서교육의 내용체계 양상을 알아보고 그 특징과 역할을 파악하는 데 있다. 2장과 3장에서는 중국 자국어교육에서 독서교육의 내용체계 양상을 파악하기 위하여 중국 국가수준의 교육과정과 교과서를 각각 살펴보았다. 이 논문에서 조사한 교육과정은 중국교육부가 2011년에 반포한 『의무교육어문과정표준(義務敎育語文課程標準)』(2011년版)이다. 이 교육과정은 독서교육과 관련하여 전체적 목표와 단계적 목표, 암기작품과 권장도서 목록을 제시하고 있다. 조사 대상으로서의 교과서는 인민교육출판사(人民敎育出版社)에서 출판한 초.중학교 ..어문(語文).. 교과서들이다. 이 연구에서는 이들 교과서에 수록된 본문들의 주제별 유형과 본문 배치의 특징을 초등학교와 중학교별로 살펴보았다. 4장에서는 2장과 3장의 조사를 바탕으로 중국 독서교육의 특징 7가지와 역할 6가지를 파악할 수 있었다. 예컨대, 중국에서 독서교육의 역할은 곧독해능력을 기르고 자국어 교육의 다른 측면을 촉진하는 것, 국민의 예술적소양을 기르는 것, 사상교육과 인격교육을 촉진하는 것, 전통문화를 전승시키는 것, 과학적·창의적 사고를 육성시키는 것, 외국문화에 대한 인식과이해를 촉진시키는 것 등이다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the content system of reading education in Chinese mother.tongue education. In China, mother.tongue education subject is called "Yuwen". In order to understand the current state of reading education of "Yuwen", the national level curriculum and textbooks were investigated. In this study, the curriculum investigated is the curriculum standards of compulsory education about "Yuwen"(2011 years version) distributed by Ministry of Education of China. In this curriculum, the goals and contents of reading education, the lists of literatures needed to memorize and recommended books are suggested. Thetextbooks investigated in this study are these ones published by People.s Education Press. In this paper, the subject types and arrangement feature of texts collected in these textbooks were investigated. Based on the foregoing investigation, 7 characteristics and 6 roles of Chinese reading education were suggested. For example, the roles of Chinese reading education are improving reading skills and promoting the other aspects of mother.tongue education, helping to raise people.s humanistic and aesthetic attainment, promoting ideology education and character education, etc.

Effects of Temperature and Ethylene Response Inhibitors on Growth and Flowering of Passion Fruit

Liu, Fang-Yin,Peng, Yung-Liang,Chang, Yu-Sen Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.3

This study examined the effects of different day/night temperature regimes or silver ion on growth and flowering of passion fruit 'Tai-nung No.1'. Low temperature treatment ($20/15^{\circ}C$) caused passion fruit cultivar 'Tai-nung No.1' to fail to flower. Flowering induction occurred within a temperature range of $20-30^{\circ}C$, with no significant difference in the days to first flower bud and the total number of flower buds between plants grown at $30/25^{\circ}C$ and $25/20^{\circ}C$. However, plants grown at $30/25^{\circ}C$ exhibited their first flower buds set on the higher nodes and had higher abortion rates of flower buds than those at $25/20^{\circ}C$. Plants grown at $30/25^{\circ}C$ had the most rapid growth and the shortest plastochron. We also evaluated the effect of the ethylene response inhibitors silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) and silver thiosulfate (STS) on growth and flowering of potted passion fruit 'Tai-nung No.1', when they were exposed to low temperature conditions ($20/15^{\circ}C$) following chemical treatments ($AgNO_3$ or STS, at 0.5 or 1.0 mM). $AgNO_3$ and STS treatments induced flower formation and initial flower bud formation within approximately two weeks at $20/15^{\circ}C$ whereas non-treated control plants exhibited no flower formation. ACC content and activity of ACC oxidase in the leaves of passion fruit 'Tai-nung No.1'exposed to low temperature conditions ($20/15^{\circ}C$) were significantly inhibited by the ethylene inhibitor treatments. These results indicate that ethylene, which is produced under low temperature conditions, plays an important role in inhibiting flower formation in passion fruit.