Ergativity in Korean

Eun-Ji Lee 한국언어학회 2014 언어 Vol.39 No.4

Lee, Eun-Ji. 2014. Ergativity in Korean. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 39-4, 945-969. In this paper I investigate the ergativity in Korean. I argue that the nal-li- type verb is the ergative verb, claiming that the causative suffix is the same as the passive suffix in Korean. The agent can never be the subject of an ergative verb. The differences between Korean ergative verbs and English ones are i) that the former have the (passive) suffixes, whereas the latter have no suffixes at all; ii) the causer can show up overtly with the former, whereas it cannot with the latter. Next, I argue that nal- type verbs are middle verbs, showing that they are very similar to nal-li- type ergative verbs in nature so that the former can be an alternative if the latter are not available. The causer is less likely to show up with the middle verb than the ergative verb, given that the former has no passive suffix added. The nal- type middle verb in Korean is quite different from that in English in i) that it does not describe a property of its subject; ii) it does not need a modifier nor allow only the present tense. Finally I investigate the matter of derivation in ergative constructions, concluding that the ergative/middle constructions are not derived from the causative, or vice versa, with the supporting evidence that the nal-li- type causative and ergative/passive constructions in Korean derived from nal- type middle constructions (or some transitive constructions). (Sehan University)

지역주민의 삶의 질에 관한 주관적 의식 분석

이지은(Lee, Ji-Eun),이재완(Lee, Jae-Wan) 한국지방정부학회 2014 지방정부연구 Vol.18 No.1

이지은(Lee, Ji-Eun), 이재완(Lee, Jae-Wan) 본 연구의 목적은'삶의 질'에 대한 지역주민의 인식을 유형화하고 분석하는 데 있다. 지역주민의 삶의 질에 관한 주관적 인식을 분석하기 위해 Q방법론을 활용하였다. 지역주민을 대상으로 한 인터뷰 및 선행연구 검토를 통해 Q진술문을 작성하였고, P샘플은 서울시에 거주하고 있는 지역주민 40명을 대상으로 하였다. 분석 결과, 삶의 질에 대한 주민인식은 ① 기본적 요건 지향, ② 물질적 요건 지향, ③ 비물질적 요건 지향으로 유형화되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 삶의 질에 관한 인식이 지역주민마다 다를 수 있으므로, 지방자치 수준에서 숙의민주주의를 실현할 수 있는 공론의 장을 마련할 필요가 있다는 점을 시사한다. 지방정부가 지역주민들의 삶의 질을 향상시키는 정책을 수립할 때 다양한 주민들의 인식과 의견이 반영될 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다. The objective of this study is to classify and analyze citizens' perceptions on 'quality of life'. In order to examine quality of life as perceived by citizens, Q-methodology was used. A set of Q-statements was constructed with reference to field interviews of citizens and literature review of the precedent study, and it was rated by 40 citizens residing in Seoul. The results of this study revealed that citizens' perceptions of quality of life could be classified in terms of three perspectives: 1. Basic conditions orientation, 2. Material conditions orientation, and 3. Non-material conditions orientation. Based on the analysis results, this study suggests that as citizens' perceptions of quality of life can be diverse, there is a need to develop a public sphere where deliberative democracy would be realized and advanced at local government level. By creating and developing public spheres, local governments would be able to take citizens' perceptions and opinions into account better when establishing policies for improving citizens' quality of life.

Collective “We” and the Communal Consciousness of Diaspora Identity in Chang-rae Lee`s On Such a Full Sea

이지은 ( Ji Eun Lee ) 서울대학교 미국학연구소 2014 미국학 Vol.37 No.2

This paper examines how Change-rae Lee`s On Such a Full Sea imagines a communal consciousness of diaspora identity through the use of a collective narrative voice that creates a narrative sense of split identity in readers` minds. The novel`s use of heroine figure, Fan, as a locus of communal consciousness very much corresponds to the conventional framework of the Bildungsroman narrative, which builds a communal consciousness incorporated into a progressive history through a depiction of the individual hero`s or heroine`s reconciliation with social norms. The narrative consciousness grounded in this individual hero/heroine invites readers to experience the sense of community congruent with the linear development of history. Lee`s novel, however, complicates the narrative consciousness through a collective narrative voice “we,” by shifting the referent from “we” inside the narrative frame to “we” outside the narrative frame and by dislocating the main figure Fan from society. The sense of disjointedness manifested by the narrative sense of split identity and the heroine`s displacement in society conceptualizes diaspora identity. Diaspora identity configured in this way propounds a more liberating version of communal consciousness as it allows deviations from norms and exploration of new possibilities not bound by nation or ethnicity. The communal consciousness of diaspora identity depicted in Lee`s novel challenges the homogeneous sense of community merged with history and gestures toward heterogeneous deviations from history.

Modulation of Gene Expressions and Enzyme Activities of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases by Cold, Aba or High Salt Treatments in Arabidopsis

Oh, Jee-Eun,Hong, Suk-Whan,Lee, Yunsook,Koh, Eun-Ji,Kim, Kideok,Seo, Youngwon,Chung, Namhyun,Jeong, Moonsoo,Chang,Chang, Cheolseong,Lee, Byoungcheon,Kim, Kyoung Heon,Lee, Kwangwon,Lee, Hojoung 생명자원연구 2005 생명자원연구 Vol.13 No.-

부산·울산·경남지역 직업병 감시체계

김정일,김병권,김정원,채창호,이철호,강동묵,김지홍,김진하,김영욱,이영하,이지호,김정호,윤형렬,유철인,정백근,장태원,김운규,윤동영,강진욱,김종은,안진홍,이동준,장준호,이광영,송혜란,최영희,이용환,조병만,최홍렬,고상백,김은아,이유진,홍영습,정갑열,김정만,김준연 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Objective: Occupational medicine specialists in the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam areas established an area-based occupational disease surveillance system and used this system to collected case information for the purpose of preventing occupational diseases Methods: l l hospital participated in this system. The authors selected five main diseases, which were hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD), occupational asthma, occupational skin disease and occupational and occupational lung cancer and established their case definitions. All cases were reported on the web, and real time analysis was conducted. Results: Between April 2001 and April 2003, 192 cases of HAVS, 118 cases of WRMSD, 33 cases of occupational asthma, 17 cases of occupational skin disease and 17 cases of occupational lung cancer (for a total of 377 cases of these five main diseases) were reported. most of the HAVS cases came from shipbuilding, and 172 of them (92.7%) were associated with grinding. Of the four main types of WRMSD, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was the most prevalent with 46 cases and shipbuilding was also the main industry involved (83.9%). The ergonomic risk factors involved mainly associated with the hand. In 19 (57.6%) and 4 (12.1%) cases of occupational asthma, the agents involved. The causative agents of occupational lung cancer included Cr, welding fume, PAH, Ni, etc. 10(58.8%) of the cases were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and 5(29.4%) as adenoma. Conclusion: This result showed that an area-based occupational disease surveillance system might provide an effective method of evaluating the prevalence of such diseases, however the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam provinces are too large to be treated as individual areas. Therefore, the authors suggest that each province should establish its own surveillance system.

Dog leukocyte antigen identity among cloned dogs with same donor cell

Ji Eun Kim,Hyun Ju Oh,Jung Eun Park,Min Jung Kim,Goo Jang,Byeong Chun Lee 한국발생생물학회 2010 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.29 No.-

The canine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is referred to dog leukocyte antigens (DLA), which is known to be the most polymorphic genetic system in canine species. Many cloned dogs have been produced since Snuppy, first cloned dog, there was no research about genetic identity of MHC among cloned animals. Recently in Lee’s group, two non-transgenic cloned beagles (BG1, 2) were produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) using fetal fibroblast (BF). Also, four transgenic cloned beagles (Ruppy 1-3, 5) were generated using transgenic BF transfected with Red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene. We hypothesize that non-transgenic (BG1, 2) and transgenic (Ruppy 1-3, 5) cloned beagles derived from identical donor cells have the same immunological genetic characteristic except for RFP gene insertion in the genome. Thus, the aim of this study is to confirm the immunological identity of DLA class II in cloned beagles produced using same nuclear donor cell. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood of BG1, BG2, Ruppy 1, 2, 3 and 5. Genomic DNA of normal two control beagle, no correlation with BF was also investigated for rulling out the possibility that beagles were inbred. Forward and reverse primers used for DLA-DQA1 and DQB1 respectively were DQAF: 5’-TAAGGTTCTTTTCTCCCTCT-3’ and DQAR: 5’-GGACAGATTCAGTGAAGAGA-3’ DQBR:5’-CTCACTGGCCCGGCTGTCTC-3’ and DQBR: 5’-CACCTCGC CGCTGCAACGTG-3’. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) products were purified, sequenced directly using the Big Dye Terminator kit. Sequencing analysis was performed on an automated 3730xl DNA analyzer. In experiment 1, sequence of DLA-DQ alpha 1 (DQA1) and DLA-DQ beta 1 (DQB1) exon 2, hypervariabel region, was compared in BG1 and BG2. Experiment 2 also compared the sequence of DQA1 and DQB1 among Ruppy 1, 2, 3 and 5. Experimental 3 compared sequence of DQA1 and DQB1 among all cloned dogs (BG1, BG2 and Ruppy 1-3, 5). As a result, BG1 and BG2 have same allele for DQA1 and DQB1 as we expected. They share DQA1*00101 and DQB1*02901 in experiment 1. In experiment 2, Ruppy 1, 2, 3 and 5 also have identical DQA1*00101 and DQB1*02901 allele. No discrimination between transgenic dogs and cloned dogs was seen in DQA1 and DQB1 Allele in experiment 3. DQA1, DQB1 allele was identified as *00101 and *02901 in all dogs. We provided the allele identity of DQA1and DQB1 in cloned beagles, which can be used as preliminary data for immunological related studies. In conclusion, transgenic cloned dogs despite of red fluorescent protein genes being inserted in their nuclear DNA were immunologically compatible with non-transgenic cloned dogs. We demonstrated that cloned beagles produced using identical nuclear donor were immunologically compatible.

Tuning the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cold Sprayed Equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloy Coating Layer

Ji‑Eun Ahn,Young‑Kyun Kim,Sang‑Hoon Yoon,Kee‑Ahn Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

An equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy (HEA) coating layer was prepared via a cold spray (CS) process. In orderto control the microstructure and nano-indentation properties of the CS HEA, heat treatments were employed. CS HEAcoating layer showed a heterogeneous microstructure where ultra-fine grains were formed at the particle interfaces, whilecoarse grains were formed inside the particles. Furthermore, deformation twins (DTs) were also formed inside the particlesdue to severe plastic deformation (SPD) in each particle generated during the CS deposition. For the 550 °C heat treatment(HT), fine Cr-rich precipitates were additionally formed at the grain boundary and particle boundary. By contrast, recrystallizationoccurred during 850 °C HT, while the size of the Cr-rich precipitate increased. The nano-indentation hardness ofthe CS HEA coating layer was 10.9 GPa, which was ~ 3 times higher than that of the conventional cast HEA. The superiorhardness of the CS HEA might has been enabled due to the combination of the high dislocation density, DTs, and ultra-finegrains. Based on the results above, the strategy to control the microstructure and mechanical properties through HT of theequiatomic CoCrFeMnNi HEA coating layer prepared via the CS process has been discussed.

췌장 선방세포암 1예

이화정,지준호,박승찬,박정철,최은정,서혜진,이원식,이정림,배병조,손경락,이경희 영남대학교 의과대학 2008 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.25 No.2

Acinar cell carcinoma is a rare tumor that represents 1~2% of al1 pancreatic cancers. Clinical and radiologic findings are inconclusive in this disease Acinar cell carcinoma is characterized by rapid progression and early metastasis, which lead to its poor prognosis. A 41-year-o1d man was admitted to our hospital for abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed a splenic mass, which was being invaded by a pancreatic tail mass and which had increased ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake Primary radical distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed. Pathologic findings revealed an acinar cell carcinoma of the Pancreas The patient underwent a total gastrectomy three months later because of gastric recurrence Four months later, multiple hepatic metastases were discovered, and the patient underwent a left hepatectomy During treatment with capecitabine, there was no evidence of tumor progression for 14 months. We report a case of metastatic pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma, which did not progress for an extended period while the patient was being treated with capecitabme.

Safety of subtotal or total colectomy with primary anastomosis compared to Hartmann procedure for left-sided colon cancer obstruction or perforation

Eun-Do Kim,Jin-Kwon Lee,Jin-Kyu Cho,Jae-Myung Kim,Ji-Ho Park,Ju-Yeon Kim,Sang-Ho Jeong,Young-Tae Ju,Chi-Young Jeong,Eun-Jung Jung,Young-Joon Lee1,Soon-Chan Hong,곽승진 대한종양외과학회 2019 Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol.15 No.2

Purpose: Whether subtotal or total colectomy with primary anastomosis (PA) is safer than Hartmann procedure (HP) for left-sided colon cancer obstruction or perforation remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative morbidity, mortality, and defecation frequency between PA and HP for left-sided colon cancer obstruction or perforation. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 54 patients from January 2014 to February 2018 who underwent emergency surgery due to left-sided colon cancer obstruction or perforation. Results: PA was carried out in 20 patients while HP was performed for 34 patients. Thirty-day mortality did not show significant difference between the two groups (15.0% vs. 14.7%, P=1.000). No anastomotic leakage occurred in PA group while three (8.8%) cases of stump leakage occurred in HP group. Stoma repair was performed for 13 cases (44.8%) and stoma reformation was performed for one case in HP group (7.7%). Stoma related complications occurred in five cases (17.24%). For patients after stoma repair, defecation frequency at 3 months after operation was 2.91±2.88 times per day in PA group and 2.86±2.63 times per day in HP group. At 1 year after operation, defecation frequency was changed to 1.40±1.12 times per day in PA group and 1.17±0.39 times per day in HP group. Conclusion: Primary ileosigmoid or ileorectal anastomosis for left-sided colon cancer obstruction or perforation is safe, and shows similar outcome of defecation frequency compared to H

제국의 노스텔지아와 식민지의 여수(旅愁) : Pépé le Moko(1937), <望鄕>(1939)과 「여수」(1939)를 중심으로

이지은 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2016 탈경계인문학 Vol.9 No.2

Lee Hyo Seok wrote “Yeo Su” (여수) as the novelization of Julien Duvivier’s film, Pépé le Moko, which is translated into Nostalgia (망향) under the Japanese Empire. For the most part, Korea under Japanese rule accepted Western literature and movies through Japan. Therefore, Western cultural products that arrived in colonial Chosun are a reflection of the two kinds of empires. The main character of Pépé le Moko, Pépé, is captivated by Gaby. Here, Gaby represents the modern city Paris, and this is the reason Pépé became disillusioned with Casbah, which gave him shelter. That means he suffers from nostalgia for a modern nation (or city), and Japan replaces Pépé ’ s nostalgia with homesickness. It’s only possible to empathize with a modern nation. Because modernity is not completed in the colonial Chosun, however, modernity occasionally is understood as a consequence of the colonization. In this context, the study focuses on the mutual negotiation of literature and film on the path of cultural acceptance in the colonial era of Chosun. In contrast to the pursuit of Eurocentric identity revealed in the film, Lee strove to create characters who were excluded from the severe competition among empires. As a result, the narrator of “Yeo Su” identifies himself as a traveler because he projects himself onto stateless people. As well, the nostalgia of the empires is switched to traveller’s melancholy.