고농도 질산 분해를 위한 연속식 화학-전해 조합 탈질 공정 (I)

김광욱,김수호,이일희 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.42 No.1

본 논문에서는 고준위 폐액 중의 장수명 핵종을 분리하기 위한 군분리 공정에서 추출 공정의 산도조절 목적으로 사용되는 기존의 회분식 개미산 탈질 고정 개선이 시도되었다. 연속식 개미산 탈질과 잔여 산의 전해 분해 공정 조합 시의 질산 및 개미산의 분해 특성과 그때 분해 생성물의 변화 특성에 대한 연구가 수행되었다. 연속식 개미산 탈질에서는 약 30분 내에 정상상태에 도달하며 용액의 탈질 반응기 내의 체류시간은 최종 산도에 영향을 주고, 회분식처럼 개미산/질산의 몰 비가 1.5일 때 탈질에 의한 최저산도 값을 보여주었다. Ti-IrO_(2) 전해 반응기를 사용시 전류밀도에 따른 질산과 개미산의 분해 속도는 각각 9.33×10^(-3), 1.37×10^(-2)M(hrㆍ㎃/㎠)이었다. 질산은 Ti 음극의 환원에 의한 개미산은 IrO_(2) 양극의 산화에 의해서만 분해되었다. 본 연구에서 새롭게 제시된 연속식 개미산 탈질-잔여 산 전해 분해 공정의 조합은 2.0M 질산 용액을 최종적으로 약 0.1M 이하까지 연속 처리할 수 있었다. This work has improved the conventional batch denitration by formic acid which has been used for controlling the acidity of solution for the solvent extractions to partition the long lived-radionuclides from the high level radioactive liquid waste. The characteristics of destructions of nitric acid and formic acid and their destructive products in a continuous denitration process combining a continuous denitration system by formic acid and an electrolytic residual acid-trimming system suggested in this work was evaluated. The continuous denitration by formic acid reached a steady state in 30 minutes and showed the dependence of the final acidity on the residence time of feeding solution into the reactor. Also the system had the lowest final acidity at a mole ratio of formic acid and nitric acid of 1.5 like the batch denitration. In a Ti-IrO₂ electrolytic cell, the destructive rates of formic acid and nitric acid were 9.33×10^(-3) and 10^(-2)/M(hr·mA/㎠), respectively. The nitric acid and the formic acid were destructed through the reduction at the T₁ cathode and the oxidation at the IrO₂ anode, respectively. The newly suggested continuous denitration process combining the denitation by formic acid and residual acid-electrolytic treatment could control continuously a feeding nitric acid of 2.0M to below about 0.1M.

금속 이온의 침전이 동반되는 연속식 화학-전해 조합 탈질 공정 특성 (II)

김광욱,김수호,이일희 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.42 No.1

본 논문에서는 금속이온의 침전이 동반되는 연속식 개미산 탈질-잔여 산 전해 분해 조합 공정에서의 질산 분해 특성 및 금속이온의 침전 특성이 연구되었다. 개미산 탈질-잔여 산 전해 분해 조합 공정은 초기 질산 2.0M의 용액을 연속적으로 0.1M이하까지 효과적으로 조절할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 고려된 Zr, Mo, Nd, Fe 등은 개미산에 의한 탈질 후 잔여 산의 전해 분해 과정에서 전극에 영향을 주지 않았으며, 질산 용액 중의 Mo 이온은 전해 반응과정에서 아질산 생성을 촉진시켰다. 연속식 개미산 탈질 반응기에 공급되는 개미산/질산의 몰 비는 최종 온도, 침전율 및 침전물의 형태에 큰 영향을 주어 그 비율이 1.65일 때 잔여 산의 전해 분해 후의 최종 산도가 0.1 M 정도로 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 그 때 Zr, Mo 의 침전율은 가장 높은 값으로 각각 95%, 83%까지 도달하였다. 침전물의 형태는 반응기에 공급되는 개미산/질산의 비율에 큰 영향을 받아 개미산/질산의 몰 비 1.5-1.7 사이에서만 침상 형태를 가졌으며 그 이외의 영역에서는 구상의 형태를 가졌다. This work has studied the characteristics of destruction of nitric acid and precipitation of several metal ions in a continuous denitration process combining by formic acid and a residual acid-electrolytic trimming system. The process could treat continuously and effectively a feeding nitric acid of 2.0M to below about 0.1M. The metal ions of Zr, Mo, Fe, and Nd did not affect the electrodes at the step of electrolytic trimming of the residual acid after denitration by formic acid. The Mo ion in electrolytic solution enhanced the generation of nitrite ion during the electrolytic reaction. The mole ratio of formic acid to nitric acid fed into the continuous denitration reactor using formic acid affected much the final acidity, the precipitation yields of metal ions, the precipitate morphology. At the ratio of 1.65, the process had the lowest final acidity of less than 0.1M, and the precipitation yields of Zr and Mo reached 95% and 83%, respectively as the highest values. Only the precipitate generated in the mole ratio of formic acid to nitric acid between 1.5 and 1.7 had a needle-shaped morphology, otherwise it was granular-shaped.

피부 원발성 CD30 (Ki-1) 양성 림프구증식 질환 : 중간형 1예 보고 Report of a Borderline Case

노낙경,윤성재,박형석,김원석,이일수 대한피부과학회 2003 대한피부과학회지 Vol.41 No.6

Primary cutaneous CD3O positive large cell Iymphoma is a cutaneous T-cell Iymphoma with a favorable prognosis, which is characterized by solitary or localized skin lesions with a tendency of spontaneous regression and frequent relapses. On the basis of the morphologic and immunophenotypic similarities between the large atypical cells in Iymphomatoid papulosis and the neoplastic cells in primary cutaneous CD30 positive large cell Iymphoma as well as their favorable prognosis, these two diseases are now regarded to be in a spectrum of primary cutaneous CD3O positive Iymphoproliferative disorder. We present a borderline case of primary cutaneous CD3O positive Iymphoproliferative disorder which recurred on the anatomic site different to the primary lesions despite multiple-agent chemotherapy. (Korean J Dermatol 2003;41(6) : 826~829)

Expression of CD31,CD34,and Factor Ⅷ-related Antigen in Vascular and Spindle Cell Tumors of the Skin

Lee, Eil Soo,Chun, Ho Su,Han, Joung Ho Korean Dermatological Association 1997 Annals of Dermatology Vol.9 No.2

Expression of CD31 , CD34 , and Factor VIII - related Antigen in Vascular and Spindle Cell Tumors of the Skin

Lee, Eil Soo,Chun, Ho Su,Han, Joung Ho 대한피부과학회 1997 Annals of Dermatology Vol.9 No.2

Background : The immunohistochemicah detection of endothelial differentiation in skin tumors has been hindered by the relative paucity of reliable markers that are applicable to routinely-processed specimens, which are both specific and sensitive as well. Objective : This study was designed to evaluate the utility of CD31 and CD34, newly introduced vascular markers, in the immunohistochemical differentiation of vascular neoplasms from other mesenchymal tumors and to compare their sensitivity and specificity with factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRA). Methods : Paraffin-embedded specimens of 26 cases of benign and malignant vascular tumors and 25 cases of non-vascular mesenchymal neoplasms of the skin and subcutis were investigated for CD31, CD34, and FVIHRA expression using immunohistochemical methods. Results : CD31-immunoreactivity was observed in all of the 26 vascular lesions. CD34 and FVIIIRA were labelled in 23 cases and 16 cases of vascular tumors, respectively. All of the 25 non-vascular mesenchymal tumors were negative for CD31 and FVIIIRA. In contrast, positive reactivity for. CD34 was seen in 14 cases, among which dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans(2/2), neurofibroma(8/8), neurilemmoma(2/2), and leiomyoma(2/3) were included. Conclusion : Our results indicate that CD31 is a more sensitive and specific vascular marker than CD34 and FVIIIRA. A small panel composed of these three antibodies will constitute a comprehensive and reliable method for identifying tumors of vascular origin.

Thermal Decomposition of Chabazite-Cs and Chabazite-PCFC-Cs Zeolite

Eil-Hee Lee,Ji-Min Kim,Maeng-Kyo Oh,Min-Jeong Kim,Keun-Young Lee,Kwang-Wook Kim,Hyung-Ju Kim,Ik-Soo Kim,Dong-Yong Chung,Jei-Kwon Moon,Jong-Won Choi 한국방사성폐기물학회 2017 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2017 No.05

High-temperature Thermal Decomposition of Cs-adsorbed CHA-Cs and CHA-PCFC-Cs Zeolite System, and Sr-adsorbed 4A-Sr and BaA-Sr Zeolite System

Eil-Hee Lee,Ji-Min Kim,Hyung-Ju Kim,Ik-Soo Kim,Dong-Yong Chung,Kwang-Wook Kim,Keun-Young Lee,Bum-Kyoung Seo 한국방사성폐기물학회 2018 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구는 고온 열분해를 통한 Cs, Sr 등 고방사성핵종의 고정화를 위하여 각각 Cs이 흡착된 CHA (K형 Chabazite zeolite)-Cs, CHA-PCFC (potassium cobalt ferrocyanide)-Cs 및 Sr이 흡착된 4A-Sr, BaA-Sr 등의 제올라이트 계에서 TGA 및 XRD에 의한 배소 온도 변화에 따른 상변환을 고찰하였다. CHA-Cs 제올라이트 계의 경우 900℃ 까지는 CHA-Cs의 형태를 유지하고 있으며, 1,000℃에서 무정형 단계를 거친 후 1,100℃에서 pollucite (CsAlSi2O6)로 재결정 되었다. 반면에 CHA-CFC-Cs 제올라이 트 계는 700℃ 까지는 CHA-PCFC-Cs 형태를 유지하고 있으나, 900∼1,000℃ 사이에서 구조가 파괴되어 무정형으로 상변환 된 후 1,100℃에서 pollucite로 재결정 되었다. 한편 4A-Sr 제올라이트 계의 경우 700℃ 까지는 4A-Sr의 구조를 유지하고 있 으며, 800℃에서 무정형으로 상변환 된 다음 900℃에서는 Sr-feldspar (SrAl2Si2O8, hexagonal)으로, 1,100℃에서 SrAl2Si2O8 (triclinic)로 재결정 되었다. 그러나 BaA-Sr 제올라이트 계의 경우는 500℃ 이하부터 구조가 파괴되기 시작하여 500∼900℃ 에서 무정형 단계를 거친 후, 1,100℃에서 Ba/Sr-feldspar (Ba0.9Sr0.1Al2Si2O8 및 Ba0.5Sr0.5Al2Si2O8 공존)로 재결정 되었다. 상기 제올라이트 계 모두 온도 증가에 따라 탈수/(분해)→ 무정형→ 재결정의 단계를 거쳐 광물상으로 재결정 되었으며, 고온 열 분해 과정에서의 Cs 및 Sr의 휘발성, 침출성 등의 추가 연구가 요구되지만 각 제올라이트 계에 흡착된 Cs 및 Sr은 pollucite나 Sr-feldspar, Ba/Sr-feldspar 등으로 광물화 하여 Cs과 Sr을 배소체/(고화체) 내에 완전히 고정화 시킬 수 있을 것으로 보인다. For the immobilization of high-radioactive nuclides such as Cs and Sr by high-temperature thermal decomposition, this study was carried out to investigate the phase transformation with calcined temperature by using TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) and XRD (X-ray diffraction) in the Cs-adsorbed CHA (chabazite zeolite of K type)-Cs and CHA-PCFC (potassium cobalt ferrocyanide)-Cs zeolite system, and Sr-adsorbed 4A-Sr and BaA-Sr zeolite system, respectively. In the case of CHA-Cs zeolite system, the structure of CHA-Cs remained at up to 900℃ and recrystallized to pollucite (CsAlSi2O6) at 1,100℃ after undergoing amorphous phase at 1,000℃. However, the CHA-CFC-Cs zeolite system retained the CHA-PCFC-Cs structure up to 700℃, but its structure collapsed in 900~1,000℃, and then transformed to amorphous phase, and recrystallized to pollucite at 1,100℃. In the case of 4A-Sr zeolite system, on the other hand, the structure of 4A-Sr maintained up to 700℃ and its phase transformed to amorphous at 800℃, and recrystallized to Sr-feldspar (SrAl2Si2O8, hexagonal) at 900℃ and to SrAl2Si2O8 (triclinic) at 1,100℃. However, the BaA-Sr zeolite system structure began to break down at below 500℃, and then transformed to amorphous phase in 500~900℃ and recrystallized to Ba/Sr-feldspar (coexistence of Ba0.9Sr0.1Al2Si2O8 and Ba0.5Sr0.5Al2Si2O8) at 1,100℃. All of the above zeolite systems recrystallized to mineral phase through the dehydration/(decomposition)→ amorphous → recrystallization with increasing temperature. Although further study of the volatility and leachability of Cs and Sr in the high-temperature thermal decomposition process is required, Cs and Sr adsorbed in each zeolite system are mineralized as pollucite, Sr-feldspar and Ba/Sr-feldspar. Therefore, Cs and Sr seen to be able to completely immobilize in the calcining wasteform/(solidified wasteform).

A Case of Cutaneous Sinus Tract of Dental Origin

Lee, Eil Soo,Park, Sang Jin,Kim, Soo Hong,Oh, Jeong Joon The Korean Dermatological Association 2002 Annals of Dermatology Vol.14 No.4

The most common cause of chronic draining sinus tract on the face and neck is the extension of chronic dental infection. The presence of an intermittently draining granulomatous lesion on the face or neck should alert clinicians to the necessity of routine dental examination including radiographic studies. Early correct diagnosis and appropriate dental treatment can prevent unnecessary and ineffective antibiotic therapy or surgical treatment. We report a case of a 22-year-old woman with a cutaneous sinus tract on submental region, associated with a periapical abscess of the left mandibular lateral incisor.

A Case Of Lymphangioma Circumscriptum : Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI ) in Diagnostic Evaluation

Lee, Eil Soo,Kim, Won Serk,Sung, Hwan Tae 대한피부과학회 1999 Annals of Dermatology Vol.11 No.4

A 21-year-old male visited our clinic with an erythematous plaque studded with papulovesicules on the right thigh and calf which had been noticed at 3 months after birth. Moving the limb caused intermittent pain. He was diagnosed with lymphangioma circumscriptum which involved muscle layers after checking the skin biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Partial removal of mass resulted in relieving pain on motion.

Removal of Cs by Adsorption with IE911 (Crystalline Silicotitanate) from High-Radioactive Seawater Waste

Eil-Hee Lee,Keun-Young Lee,Kwang-Wook Kim,Ik-Soo Kim,Dong-Yong Chung,Jei-Kwon Moon 한국방사성폐기물학회 2015 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.13 No.3

본 연구는 고방사성해수폐액에 함유되어 있는 주요 고방사성 핵종인 Cs을 제거하기 위하여 IE911 (crystalline silicotitanate) 에 의한 흡착 제거를 수행하였다. Cs의 효율적 흡착제거 및 2차 고체폐기물의 발생량을 최소화하기 위하여 IE911-Cs 흡착 은 m/V (흡착제 질량/용액 부피) 비=2.5 g/L, 흡착시간은 1 시간 정도가 효과적이었다. 이때 Cs은 약 99%, Sr은 5% 이하가 각각 흡착되었다. 또한 IE911-Cs 흡착은 Langmuir 등온식 및 유사 (pseudo) 2차 속도 식으로 표현할 수 있으며, 흡착속도상 수(k2)는 Cs의 초기농도 및 입자크기 증가에 따라 감소하는데 반하여, m/V 비, 온도 및 교반속도 증가에 따라서는 증가하고 있다. IE911-Cs 흡착의 활성화에너지는 약 79.9 kJ/mol 로, IE911-Cs 흡착이 보다 강력한 결합 형태를 이룬 화학적 흡착임 을 보여주고 있다. 그리고 음수 값의 Gibbs 자유에너지 및 엔탈피는 IE911-Cs의 흡착반응이 정반응의 발열반응이고, 저온에 서 반응이 상대적으로 활발함을 의미하며, 음수 값의 엔트로피는 흡착된 Cs이 IE911에 균일하게 정렬되어 있음을 나타낸다. This study was performed on the removal of Cs, one of the main high- radioactive nuclides contained in the high-radioactive seawater waste (HSW), by adsorption with IE911 (crystalline silicotitanate type). For the effective removal of Cs and the minimization of secondary solid waste generation, adsorption of Cs by IE911 (hereafter denoted as IE911-Cs) was effective to carry out in the m/V (ratio of absorbent weight to solution volume) ratio of 2.5 g/L, and the adsorption time of 1 hour. In these conditions, Cs and Sr were adsorbed about 99% and less than 5%, respectively. IE911-Cs could be also expressed as a Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo-second order rate equation. The adsorption rate constants (k2) were decreased with increasing initial Cs concentrations and particle sizes, and increased with increasing ratios of m/V, solution temperatures and agitation speeds. The activation energy of IE911-Cs was about 79.9 kJ/mol. It was suggested that IE911-Cs was dominated by a chemical adsorption having a strong bonding form. From the negative values of Gibbs free energy and enthalpy, it was indicated that the reaction of IE911-Cs was a forward, exothermic and relatively active at lower temperatures. Additionally, the negative entropy values were seen that the adsorbed Cs was evenly distributed on the IE911.