Changes in potassium concentration and gene expression in mice fed a high-fat diet

Junkoo Yi,Rijin Kang,Zaeyoung Ryoo,Duhak Yoon,Sunghyun Kim,Myoungok Kim 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2015 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.16 No.4

Obesity is a risk factor for various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, renal disease, hypertension, cancer, and neural disease. Adipose tissue in animals is important for the mobilization of lipids, milk production, deposition of fat in different depots, and muscle and meat production. Understanding the genetic and physiological causes of metabolic disease is a priority in biomedical genome research. In this study, we examined several variables in mice fed a high-fat diet, including serum composition, body weight, total calorie intake, and differentially expressed genes. Body weight and blood glucose levels were not significantly different between animals fed high-fat and normal diets. However, high-fat diet groups showed reduced calorie and food intakes. Levels of sodium, ionized calcium, glucose, hematocrit, hemoglobin, pH, PCO2, PO2, TCO2+, HCO3+, base excess, and SO2 in the blood were not significantly different between mice fed high-fat and normal diets. Serum potassium concentration, however, was lower in mice a high-fat diet. Differentially expressed genes were also compared between the two groups. The purpose of this study was to discover new genes as a result of annealing control primer (ACP) PCR using 20 random primers. Five down regulated genes were identified and three of others were up-regulated by high-fat diet. Known genes were excluded from this result. In addition, the relationships among candidate genes and high-fat diet should be investigated according to potassium concentration in the blood. In conclusion, mice fed normal and high-fat diets showed no significant difference in body weight, whereas high-fat diet led to changesin blood composition and differential expression of several genes. These findings may provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and metabolic diseases.

Capillary Gel Electrophoretic Analysis of Cattle Breeds Based on Difference of DNA Mobility of Microsatellite Markers

Miji Lee,Duhak Yoon,전진태,어성국,강성호 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.11

A breed of cattle, i.e., Korean cattle (Hanwoo), was identified based on the DNA mobilities of their microsatellites (MSs) by capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) with a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector. The MS markers were used for the accurate identification of species-specific genes. The DNA mobilities of the MS markers of Hanwoo and Holstein were measured using a CGE system with a fused-silica capillary (inner diameter of 75 μm, outer diameter of 365 μm, and total length of 50 cm). The capillary was dynamically coated with 1.0% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone (Mr = 1,000,000) and then filled with a mixture of 1.3% (w/v) poly(ethylene oxide) (Mr = 600,000) and 1.9% (w/v) poly(ethylene oxide) (Mr = 8,000,000) as a sieving gel matrix. The species-specific genes of Hanwoo and Holstein were clearly distinguished within 33 min. This CGE assay technique is expected to be a useful analytical method for the fast and accurate identification of breeds of cattle.

Classification of behavioral signs of the mares for prediction of the pre-foaling period

Jung, Youngwook,Jung, Heejun,Jang, Yongseok,Yoon, Duhak,Yoon, Minjung The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction and Biot 2021 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.36 No.2

In horse management, the alarm system with sensors in the foaling period enables the breeder can appropriately prepare the time of the parturition. It is important to prevent losses by unpredictable parturition because there are several high risks such as dystocia and the death of foals and mares during foaling. However, unlike analysis in the alarm system that detects specific motions has been widely performed, analysis of classification following specific behavior patterns or number needs to be more organized. Thus, the objective of this study is to classify signs of the specific behaviors of the mares for the prediction of pre-foaling behaviors. Five Thoroughbred mares (9-20 yrs) were randomly selected for observation of the pre-foaling behaviors. The behaviors were monitored for 90 min that was divided into three different periods as 1) from -90 to -60 min, 2) from -60 to -30 min, 3) from -30 min to the time for the discharge of the amniotic fluid, respectively. The behaviors were divided into two different categories as state and frequent behaviors and each specific behavioral pattern for classification was individually described. In the state behaviors, the number of mares in the standing of the foaling group (3.17 ± 0.18^b) at period 3 was significantly higher than the control group (1.67 ± 0.46^a). In contrast, the number of the mares in the eating of the foaling group (1.17 ± 0.34^b) at period 3 was significantly lower than the control group (3.33 ± 0.46^a). In the frequent behaviors, the weaving of the foaling group was significantly higher than the control group, and looking at the belly of the foaling group was significantly lower than the control group. In period 2, defecation, weaving, and lowering the head of the foaling group were significantly higher than the control group, respectively. In period 3, sitting down and standing up, pawing, weaving, and lowering the head in the foaling group were also significantly higher than the control group. In conclusion, the behavior is significantly different in foaling periods, and the prediction of foaling may be feasible by the detection of the pre-foaling behaviors in the mares.

Metagenome Analysis of Protein Domain Collocation within Cellulase Genes of Goat Rumen Microbes

Lim, SooYeon,Seo, Jaehyun,Choi, Hyunbong,Yoon, Duhak,Nam, Jungrye,Kim, Heebal,Cho, Seoae,Chang, Jongsoo Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.8

In this study, protein domains with cellulase activity in goat rumen microbes were investigated using metagenomic and bioinformatic analyses. After the complete genome of goat rumen microbes was obtained using a shotgun sequencing method, 217,892,109 pair reads were filtered, including only those with 70% identity, 100-bp matches, and thresholds below $E^{-10}$ using METAIDBA. These filtered contigs were assembled and annotated using blastN against the NCBI nucleotide database. As a result, a microbial community structure with 1431 species was analyzed, among which Prevotella ruminicola 23 bacteria and Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus B316 were the dominant groups. In parallel, 201 sequences related with cellulase activities (EC.3.2.1.4) were obtained through blast searches using the enzyme.dat file provided by the NCBI database. After translating the nucleotide sequence into a protein sequence using Interproscan, 28 protein domains with cellulase activity were identified using the HMMER package with threshold E values below $10^{-5}$. Cellulase activity protein domain profiling showed that the major protein domains such as lipase GDSL, cellulase, and Glyco hydro 10 were present in bacterial species with strong cellulase activities. Furthermore, correlation plots clearly displayed the strong positive correlation between some protein domain groups, which was indicative of microbial adaption in the goat rumen based on feeding habits. This is the first metagenomic analysis of cellulase activity protein domains using bioinformatics from the goat rumen.

Accuracy of Genomic Estimated Breeding Value with Hanwoo Cows in the Commercial Farms

Shin, Eun Gyeong,Lee, Seung Hwan,Yoon, Duhak 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2018 농업생명과학연구 Vol.52 No.2

Classification of behavioral signs of the mares for prediction of the pre-foaling period

Youngwook Jung,Heejun Jung,Yongseok Jang,Duhak Yoon,Minjung Yoon 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2021 Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Vol.36 No.2

In horse management, the alarm system with sensors in the foaling period enables the breeder can appropriately prepare the time of the parturition. It is important to prevent losses by unpredictable parturition because there are several high risks such as dystocia and the death of foals and mares during foaling. However, unlike analysis in the alarm system that detects specific motions has been widely performed, analysis of classification following specific behavior patterns or number needs to be more organized. Thus, the objective of this study is to classify signs of the specific behaviors of the mares for the prediction of pre-foaling behaviors. Five Thoroughbred mares (9-20 yrs) were randomly selected for observation of the prefoaling behaviors. The behaviors were monitored for 90 min that was divided into three different periods as 1) from -90 to -60 min, 2) from -60 to -30 min, 3) from -30 min to the time for the discharge of the amniotic fluid, respectively. The behaviors were divided into two different categories as state and frequent behaviors and each specific behavioral pattern for classification was individually described. In the state behaviors, the number of mares in the standing of the foaling group (3.17 ± 0.18b) at period 3 was significantly higher than the control group (1.67 ± 0.46a). In contrast, the number of the mares in the eating of the foaling group (1.17 ± 0.34b) at period 3 was significantly lower than the control group (3.33 ± 0.46a). In the frequent behaviors, the weaving of the foaling group was significantly higher than the control group, and looking at the belly of the foaling group was significantly lower than the control group. In period 2, defecation, weaving, and lowering the head of the foaling group were significantly higher than the control group, respectively. In period 3, sitting down and standing up, pawing, weaving, and lowering the head in the foaling group were also significantly higher than the control group. In conclusion, the behavior is significantly different in foaling periods, and the prediction of foaling may be feasible by the detection of the pre-foaling behaviors in the mares.

A novel genetic variant database for Korean native cattle (Hanwoo): HanwooGDB

Kim, Kwondo,Kwak, Woori,Sung, Sam-Sun,Cho, Seoae,Kim, Heebal,Yoon, Duhak,Lee, Hyun-Jeong Springer-Verlag 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.1

Comparative studies of skeletal muscle proteome and transcriptome profilings between pig breeds

Kim, Nam-Kuk,Park, Hye-Ran,Lee, Hwi-Cheul,Yoon, Duhak,Son, Eun-Suk,Kim, Yeun-Song,Kim, Se-Ra,Kim, Oun-Hyun,Lee, Chang-Soo Springer-Verlag 2010 Mammalian genome Vol.21 No.5

한우 등심조직 내 succinate dehydrogenase 및 triosephosphate isomerase 발현이 근내 지방함량에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Nam-Kuk Kim(김남국),Seung-Hwan Lee(이승환),Dajeong Lim(임다정),Duhak Yoon(윤두학),Chang-Soo Lee(이창수),Oun-Hyun Kim(김언현),Hyeong-Cheol Kim(김형철),Sung-Jong Oh(오성종),Seong-Koo Hong(홍성구) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.1

비육 전(12개월령)ㆍ후(27개월령)기 한우 등심육을 대상으로 단백체 연구를 통하여 succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) 및 triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) 단백질의 발현 차이가 관찰되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 근내지방함량의 차이를 보이는 비육 전ㆍ후기 한우 등심육 내 차등발현을 보이는 SDH 및 TPI 유전자를 대상으로 근내지방함량과의 관련성 규명을 위하여, 비육 전ㆍ후기 및 한우 동기우 집단 50두를 대상으로 유전자 발현분석 및 통계분석을 수행하였다. 비육 전ㆍ후기 시료를 대상으로 유전자 발현분석을 수행한 결과 SDH 유전자는 12개월령에서 27개월령보다 4배 발현이 높은 것으로 확인되었으며, 한우 동기우 집단 50두 등심육을 대상으로 유전자 발현량과 근내지방함량과의 관련성을 분석한 결과에서도 근내지방함량과 고도의 통계적 유의성(p<0.001)이 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 TPI의 경우 근내지방함량과의 관련성은 확인되지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 SDH 유전자는 한우등심육 내에서 근내지방함량과 관련된 유전자로 판단되며, 지속적으로 유전자구조 변이연구 등을 통한 유전자 마커로의 개발이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. In a previous study, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) were detected by 2D gel electrophoresis as differentially expressed proteins in the longissimus thoracis muscles of cattle aged between 12 and 27 months old. In the present study, we investigated the association of SDH and TPI gene expression with intramuscular fat content in 50 Hanwoo steers. The SDH gene was expressed at a 4 times higher level in the 12 month old group than in the 27 month old group (p<0.01). A regression analysis between gene expression value and intramuscular fat content showed a negative correlation between expression of the SDH gene and intramuscular fat content (p<0.001). In contrast, the expression of the TPI gene showed no significant association with intramuscular fat content. This result suggests that the SDH gene may be a candidate marker gene for intramuscular fat content in the longissimus thoracis of Korean cattle.

Comparison of Metabolic Network between Muscle and Intramuscular Adipose Tissues in Hanwoo Beef Cattle Using a Systems Biology Approach

Lee, Hyun-Jeong,Park, Hye-Sun,Kim, Woonsu,Yoon, Duhak,Seo, Seongwon Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 International journal of genomics Vol.2014 No.-

<P>The interrelationship between muscle and adipose tissues plays a major role in determining the quality of carcass traits. The objective of this study was to compare metabolic differences between muscle and intramuscular adipose (IMA) tissues in the <I>longissimus dorsi</I> (LD) of Hanwoo (<I>Bos taurus coreanae</I>) using the RNA-seq technology and a systems biology approach. The LD sections between the 6th and 7th ribs were removed from nine (each of three cows, steers, and bulls) Hanwoo beef cattle (carcass weight of 430.2 ± 40.66 kg) immediately after slaughter. The total mRNA from muscle, IMA, and subcutaneous adipose and omental adipose tissues were isolated and sequenced. The reads that passed quality control were mapped onto the bovine reference genome (build bosTau6), and differentially expressed genes across tissues were identified. The KEGG pathway enrichment tests revealed the opposite direction of metabolic regulation between muscle and IMA. Metabolic gene network analysis clearly indicated that oxidative metabolism was upregulated in muscle and downregulated in IMA. Interestingly, pathways for regulating cell adhesion, structure, and integrity and chemokine signaling pathway were upregulated in IMA and downregulated in muscle. It is thus inferred that IMA may play an important role in the regulation of development and structure of the LD tissues and muscle/adipose communication.</P>