정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

허혈 및 재관류후 흰쥐 앞정강근과 가자미근에서 나타나는 미세구조와 SOD 활성의 변화

백두진,안동춘,황규성,김혜주,박철홍,정호삼,조근열 대한체질인류학회 1999 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.12 No.2

에너지 획득방법, 당원의 분포, 모세혈관의 분포 및 미세구조의 차이가 나는 백색근육섬유와 적색근육섬유에서 허혈시간에 따라 나타나는 미세구조의 변화와 SOD의 활성변동을 비교 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 앞정강근에서는 2시간 허혈시 사립체에서 바탕질의 전자밀도가 감소하고 사립체능선이 팽대하였고, 재관류 24시간 경과시에는 근육원섬유사이의 거리가 멀어지고 근육세포질세망의 수조와 종말수조가 팽대하였으며 재관류 72시간 경과시에는 정상대조군과 유사한 소견이 나타났다. 2. 가자미근에서 2시간 허혈시 사립체에서는 사렵체바탕질의 전자밀도가 감소하였으며, 재관류 24 시간 경과시는 근육세포질세망의 수조가 팽대하였고, 재관류 72시간 경과시에는 정상대조군과 유사하였다. 3. 4시간 및 6시간 허혈시 미세구조의 변화는 허혈시간과 재관류 시간경과에 따라 심해져 앞정강근에서는 사립체에서 바탕질의 전자밀도가 감소하고 사렵체능선은 불분명하고 소용돌이소체가 나타났으며 근육원섬유 용해와 곤육원섬유괴사가 관찰되었다. 가자미근에서는 근육원섬유에서 근육미세섬유의 배열과 끝가로막이 불규칙해지고 근육세포질세망의 수조가 팽대하였으며 근육원섬유용해가 나타났다. 4. 앞정강근에서 Cu, Zn-및 Mn-SOD 활성은 미약한 흑은 약한 양성반응을 나타내었고, 가자미근에서는 Cu, Zn-SOD는 미약한 양성반응을, Mn-SOD 는 미약한 혹은 약한 양성반응을 나타내었다. 허혈후 Cu, Zn- 및 Mn-SOD 의 활성은 허혈시간이 길수록 더욱 증가하였다. 5. Cu, Zn- 및 Mn-SOD 활성은 2시간 허혈 및 재관류 24 시간 경과시 약간 증가하였으며 72시간 경과시에는 앞정강근과 가자미근에서 정상대조군과 유사하게 나타났다. 6. 4시간 및 6시간 허혈 및 재관류후 두 근육에서 Cu, Zn- 및 Mn-SOD활성은 증가하였다. 두 근육에서 Mn-SOD의 활성변동은 유사하였으나 Cu, Zn- Mn-SOD의 활성증가는 앞정강근보다 가자미근에서 크게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 허혈 및 재관류 손상은 허혈시간과 재관류시간 경과에 따라 심하게 나타났고 가자미근보다 앞정강근에서 심하게 나타났으며, 손상의 차이는 두 근육에서 나타나는 SOD활성변동과 깊은 연관이 있는 것으로 생각된다. Skeletal muscles are known to have tolerance to ischemia, but a prolonged ischemia can cause damage to muscular tissues. The ischemia-reperfusion injury results from the oxygen free radicals released by leucocytes and formed by the reaction of hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), one of major antioxidant enzymes occurring in the various tissues of the body metabolizes or scarvanges the oxygen free radicals. Although many studies reported difference in tolerance to ischemia and reperfusion between white and red muscles, some other investigators failed in finding such difference. The present study was performed to examine effects of graded periods of ischemia and reperfusion on the cellular ultrastructure and activity of SOD in white and red muscles. The Sprague-Dawley rats (200~250 g) were used as experimental animals. Under pentobarbita] (50 mg/kg IP) anesthesia, incision was made on lower abdomen and left common iliac artery was occluded by means of a vascular clamp for 2, 4 and 6 hour (hrs). Thereafter, the superficial portion of mid-belly of anterior tibial muscle and soleus muscles were excised at 0, 24 and 72 hrs after onset of reperfusion. The specimens were sectioned into slices, 2 mm in length, 1 mm in width and thickness. Some specimens were prepared for electron microscopic observation and others for determination of SOD activity by using antihuman CU, Zn- and Mn-SOD antibodies. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In anterior tibial muscle, areas with loose electron-density and dilated cristae were observed in the mitochondria immediately after 2 hrs of ischemia, while widened intermyofibrillar spaces and dilated cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum were seen after 2 hrs and 24 hrs reperfusion. When subjected to 2 hrs ischemia and 72 hrs reperfusion, no significant change was found in the cellular ultrastructure. 2. In soleus muscle, electron density was loose in the matrix of mitochondria immediately after 2 hrs of ischemia, while cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum were dilalated after 2 hrs of ischemia and 24 hrs reperfusion. Following 2 hrs of ischemia and 72 hrs repeifusion, the electron microscopic findings were similar to those of normal rats. 3. The changes in cellular ultrastructure were more prominent in both the 4 hrs and 6 hrs ischemia groups, in which degree of ultrastructural changes were proportional to duration of reperfusion. 4. In anterior tibial muscle, trace or weak immunoreactivities of Cu, Zn- and Mn-SOD were seen, whereas trace immunoreactivity of Cu, Zn-SOD and trace or weak immunoreactivity of Mn-SOD were observed in soleus muscle. 5. The immunoreactivities of CU, Zn- and Mn-SOD were not altered in 2 hrs ischemic and 72 hrs reperfused group, while they were increased slightly in 2 hrs ischemic and 24 hrs reperfused group. 6. In both muscles, the activity of SOD increased following 4 hrs or 6 hrs ischemia and 24 hrs or 72 hrs reperfusion. The changes in immunoreactivity of Mn-SOD were not different between two muscles, whereas immunoreactivity of Cu, Zn-SOD were higher in anterior tibial muscle. Consequently, it is suggested that significant ischemia reperfusion injuries are produced after 4 ~ 6 hrs ishemia followed by 24 hrs or 72 hrs reperfusion, that anterior tibial muscle is more susceptible to ischemic reperfusion injury and that the ischemic-reperfusion injury is closely related with activity of SOD.

Plasmid DNA pBR 322의 증폭과 Hydroxyapatite Chromatography에 의한 분리

오두환,유주현,신원철,정건섭,유승구 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1984 논문집 Vol.16 No.1

The amplification and the isolation conditions of pBR322 plasmid DNA were investigated. For the amplification of pBR322 plasmid DNA, cells from logarithmic growth phase were most effective. The optimal conditions for the amplification of pBR322 plasmid DNA in Escherichia coli GM4 were obtained as follows; 50-150 ㎍/ml of chloramphenicol concentration, 6-8 hours of incubation time in the presence of chloramphenicol. Ampicillin and tetracycline had no effect on the amplification of pBR322 plasmid DNA. Approximately 1 mg of pBR322 plasmid DNA was purified from 3.5 ℓof Escherichia coli GM4 culture broth by hydroxyapatite chromatography. The purified pBR322 plasmid DNA was expressed in Escherichia coli C600.

The Effect of Highly Concentrated Oxygen(40%) on Heart Rate(HR) While Performing Addition Tasks in a Graphic Driving Simulator

Cheol-Kee Min,Doo-Hwan Ji,Soon-Cheol Chung,Jin-Kyu Kang,Seunghee Hong,Shun'ichi Doi,Byung-Chan Min 대한인간공학회 2012 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.5

In this study, it was observed how the supply of highly concentrated oxygen(40%) could affect HR while performing the addition tasks in a vehicle graphic simulator. The subjects of this study were 17 males in their twenties, and the addition tasks were performed in oxygen concentration(21%, 40%). For the performance of double-digit addition tasks in the straight course of two-lane road, its data was extracted by 30sec section from the start of the task and was analyzed. The test was proceeded in the order of Control (5min), Driving (2min), Driving + Task (1min), and Rest (10min). As a result of analyzing HR, there was a significant difference (p<0.01) between 21% oxygen concentration and 40% oxygen concentration, and HR increased during 21% oxygen concentration. Also, the significant difference between stimuli(Control, Driving, Driving+Task) was recognized, and as a result of the posteriori test, compared with Control, HR increased in Driving+Task, showing a significant difference(p<0.01). That is, the sympathetic nerve of the drivers were activated while performing the addition tasks during driving performance. Especially, when highly concentrated oxygen(40%) was presented, HR reduced. And thus, it was found out that highly concentrated oxygen(40%) had a positive effect on performing addition tasks while driving.

Effect of Oxygen Concentration and Odors on the Driving Fatigue in a Graphic Driving Simulator

Doo-Hwan Ji,Cheol-Kee Min,Soon-Cheol Chung,Byung-Chan Min 대한인간공학회 2012 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.5

In this study, it was observed how 40% highly concentrated oxygen and lavender, peppermint affect the stress and fatigue which happen during driving performance and heart rate(HR). 12 male university students were selected as the subjects of this study. As a driving task, they were made to drive on the two-lane road for 5 minutes. While driving, addition tasks were added to increase the stress and fatigue. The driving performance like the above was implemented 6 times in total in the conditions of oxygen concentration (21%, 40%) and odors(normal, lavender, peppermint). For analysis, the findings were extracted by 30sec in three sections (Control, Driving, Driving + Task) and were compared. When the findings from three sections (Control, Driving, Driving + Task) were compared to identify driving fatigue , Driving +Task increased, showing a significant difference((p<0.01), compared with Control, That is, the subjects were made tired by addition tasks while driving. When highly concentrated oxygen (40%) and lavender, peppermint were presented to them, all of them showed the reduction of HR. That is, it can be said that highly concentrated oxygen and lavender, peppermint reduced the Fatigue of the drivers. When highly concentrated oxygen and lavender, peppermint were given simultaneously, there was no synergy effect.

Exotic scaling law of graphene-WS<SUB>2</SUB> junction barristor

Doo-Hua CHOI,Jun-Ho LEE,Hyun-Cheol KIM,Han-Byeol LEE,Nae Bong JEOUNG,Do-Hyun PACK,Hakseong KIM,Sang-Wook LEE,Hyun-Jong CHUNG 한국진공학회 2016 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2016 No.8

각종 만성 간질환들에서 B형간염 바이러스의 잠재성 감염에 대한 관찰

정정명,강석우,윤철,채두근,김성목,설상훈,조환진,조경임,박영홍,모혜경 인제대학교 백병원 2001 仁濟醫學 Vol.22 No.2

Objectives: Occult Hepatitis B virus infection is defined as HBV DNA positivity without HBsAg by serologic test. It has been thought to be caused by the escape mutant which do not express HBsAg or prouduce S protein with altered antigenicity. But the precise mechanism and pathophysiology of this phenomenon is still unclear despite of numerous previous reports. We investigated occult hepatitis B infection and their clinical characteristics in the patients with various chronic liver diseases. Methods and Materials: Thirty eight patients with chronic liver diseases with positive HBsAb or negative HBsAg were included. After confirmation of HBV DNA, we performed entire base pair sequence analysis on the C region of HBV genome. Results: 1. HBV DNA was detected 29 cases among 38 patients(76.3%) they had 12 chronic toxic hepatitis(41.4%), 7 liver cirrhosis(24.1%), 7 cases of simultaneous hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis(24.1%), 1 chronic C hepatitis(3.4%), 1 alcoholic liver disease(3.4%), and 1 uncertified cause(3.4%). 2. The mutation at core promoter region were found in 24 patients(83.1%), of which 15 showed simultaneous mutations in both nucleotide 1762 and 1764, and 1 patients in 1764 single mutation. 3. Twenty four of 29 patients(83.1%) have mutations at precore region, of which the nucleotide 1896(codon 28) was the most frequent site(9 patients- 37.5%). 4. The mutations were found at whole length of core gene, but were the most frequent at epitope regions. For cytotoxic T cell epitope region, the mutation in codon 27 and 31 were from 9(31.0%) and 19(65.5%) patients, respectively. For CD4 epitope region, the mutations in codon 49, 60 and 76 were from 12(41.4%), 9(31.0%) and 16 patients(55.2%), respectively. And for B cell epitope region, those in codon 130 and 143 were from 19(65.5%) and 15 patients(52.0%), respectively. 5. S gene mutations were observed in only 3 patients, 2 liver cirrhosis and 1 hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Point mutation was frequently observed in codon 51, 67, 68, 91 of pre-S1, codon 38, 39, 40, 46 of pre-S2, and codon 3, 27, 82, 92 of S gene. In the case of hepatocellular carcinoma, the 120bp deletion from pre-S1 to pre-S2 was observed. Conclusion: From the above results, we may conclude that the occult hepatitis B virus infection is highly prevalent in epidemic area of HBV infection, and may be related with severe liver diseases. Escape mutant may be an important mechanism of this phenomenon.

The safety and efficacy of EGF-based cream for the prevention of radiotherapy-induced skin injury: results from a multicenter observational study

Hyun-Cheol Kang,MD,Seung-Do Ahn,MD,PhD,Doo-Ho Choi,MD,PhD,Min Kyu Kang,MD,Woong-Ki Chung,MD,PhD,Hong-Gyun Wu,MD,PhD 대한방사선종양학회 2014 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.32 No.3

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topically applied recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) for the prevention of radiation-induced dermatitis in cancer patients. Materials and Methods: From December 2010 to April 2012, a total of 1,172 cancer patients who received radiotherapy (RT) of more than 50 Gy were prospectively enrolled and treated with EGF-based cream. An acute skin reaction classified according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 6-point rating scale was the primary end point and we also assessed the occurrence of edema, dry skin, or pruritus. Results: The percentage of radiation dermatitis with maximum grade 0 and grade 1 was 19% and 58% at the time of 50 Gy, and it became 29% and 47% after completion of planned RT. This increment was observed only in breast cancer patients (from 18%/62% to 32%/49%). Adverse events related to the EGF-based cream developed in 49 patients (4%) with mild erythema the most common. Skin toxicity grade >2 was observed in 5% of the patients. Edema, dry skin, and pruritus grade ≥3 developed in 9%, 9%, and 1% of the patients, respectively. Conclusion: Prophylactic use of an EGF-based cream is effective in preventing radiation dermatitis with tolerable toxicity. Further studies comparing EGF cream with other topical agents may be necessary.

Case Report of Balantidium coli in Cynomolgus Monkey

Su-Cheol Han,Choong-Yong Kim,Jeong-Doo Heo,Chang-Su Ha,Yong-Bum Kim,Moon-Koo Chung 한국실험동물학회 2003 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2003 No.-

Effects of Magnetic Infrared Laser on Dinitrofluorobenzene-induced Contact Dermatitis in Mice

Kim, Cheol-Young,Back, Young-Doo,Chang, Jeong Hyun,Lee, Hyeung-Sik,Park, Kyung-Won,Choi, Seong-Hun,Chung, In-Kwon,Cheon, Woo-Hyun,Ku, Sae-Kwang The Society of Physical Therapy Science 2011 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL THERAPY SCIENCE Vol.23 No.3

<P>[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a magnetic infrared laser (MIL) on the 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis, type I allergic mouse model. [Subjects] Male ICR mice. [Methods] Contact dermatitis was induced by sensitization with dinitrophenyl-derivatized ovalbumin (DNP-OVA) and DNFB challenge as antigen. MIL radiation doses of 1.33, 2.66 and 6.65 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP> were given, once a day for 7 continuous days, to DNP-OVA sensitized mice and compared with 15 mg/kg dexamethasone (intraperitoneal treatment). The edematous changes and scratching behavior were measured together with ear histopathological observations. [Results] Immediately after DNFB challenge to the ear or paw of DNP-OVA sensitized mice, increases of ear and paw thicknesses and weights were detected as well as anterior ear skin (dermis to epidermis) thickness and paw scratching behavior increases. However, these DNFB-induced increases of edematous changes and scratching behavior were significantly and dose-dependently decreased by MIL irradiation. [Conclusion] The results obtained in this study suggest that MIL radiation has relatively favorable effects on allergic dermatitis, and MIL therapy may represent an alternative approach for the treatment of allergic cutaneous diseases.</P>