Group Size And Measure Of Group-Level Properties

Kim,Kyoung-Su,Kim In-Sook,Jun,Gyung-Ju,Yang,Dong-Min 한국인적자원관리학회 2009 인적자원관리연구 Vol.16 No.4

Bliese와 Halverson(1998)은 집단수준의 효과를 분석하는데 있어서 기존에 사용되어 온 eta-squared 보다는 eta-squared 값이 사용되어야만 한다는 것을 주장하였다 그러나 이들이 제시한 수정된 eta-squared 접근은 다음과 같은 한계점을 가지게 되는 바 첫째, 이 접근법은 개인수준의 데이터를 집단 수준의 데이터로 만드는데 있어서의 정당성을 제공하는 기준을 구체적으로 제시하고 있지 못하다는 것을 들 수 있고, 둘째, 이 접근법은 또한 집단 내 효과를 용인하고 분석하는 기준을 제공하고 있지 못하다는 점을 들 수 있다 본 논문에서는 이러한 한계점을 극복할 수 있는 몇 가지의 대안을 제시하고 있으며, 이와 더불어 개인수준의 데이터를 집단 수준으로 만드는 것에 대한 정당성을 위한 또 하나의 추가적인 절차를 제시하였다 Bliese and Halverson(1998) argue that corrected eta-squared, rather than eta-squared, should be used for analyzing group-level effects However, their proposed corrected eta-squared approach has the following limitations (1) it fails to specify a criterion for justifying the aggregation of individual-level data to the group level and (2) it fails to specify a criterion for analyzing and allowing for within-group effects In this paper, we suggest several alternatives that overcome these limitations We suggest an additional procedure for justifying the aggregation of individual-level data to the group level

혈우병 환자에 동반된 자발성 후복막강 출혈

김광일,김동호,우상민,이석주,김홍성,조인성,윤환중,조덕연,김삼용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1997 충남의대잡지 Vol.24 No.1

Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage due to hemophilia A with impaired coagulopathy is very rare. Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage has been recorded as having originated from many retroperitoneal organs and blood vessels, and it may be due to local and/or systemic factors. In the majority of the patients, kidney and adrenal gland were the major site of hemorrhage. The systemic causes of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage are anticoagulation therapy and chronic hemodialysis. During the course of these treatments, hemorrhagic complications may occur at many site, including the retroperitoneal space. Blood dyscrasias including leukemia, polycythemia, sickle cell trait and hemophilia have been reported associated with spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage. We report a case of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage occurred in a gemophilia A patient with brief review of literature

생활치 미백제가 우치 법랑질의 투명도에 미치는 영향

김동준,김영주,김학근,박은종,서은주,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2005 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.30 No.3

본 연구에서는 현재 임상에서 home bleaching을 위해 사용되고 있는 표백 재료들이 치아 법랑질의 투명도에 어떠한 변화를 일으키는지 고찰해 보고자 시행하였다. 실험 대상으로는 하루 전 발거한 우치 (bovine tooth)를 사용하였다. 치아의 순면에 수직되게 다이아몬드 드릴을 이용해 수주 하에서 직경 6 mm의 원통형 치아 시편을 만들어 순면이 노출된 상태로 투명한 아크릭 레진에 포매한 후, low speed diamond saw (Isomat, Buehler Co., USA)를 사용하여 1.2 mm 두께로 절단하였다. 절단된 시편은 순면을 먼저 편평하게 연마하고,절단된 면을 연마하여 두께 1 mm의 시편을 완성하였다. 완성된 시편(우치 25개)을 무작위로 추출하여 3개의 그룹으로 나누고 나머지는 대조군으로 하였다. Opalescence (10% carbamide peroxide, Ultradent, Milford, USA), Rembrandt (10% carbamide peroxide, DenMat, USA) 및 Opalescence F(15% carbamide peroxide with fluoride, Ultradent)를 시편의 순면에 1주일 동안 적용 (표백제는 24시간마다 교체)하였고, 설측면은 증류수를 적신 거즈에 접촉된 상태로 보관하였다 표백제를 적용하기 전과 적용 3, 5, 7일째에 시편의 삼자극치 X, Y, Z 값을 색채색차계 (Color & Color Differencemeter, Model TC-6FX, Tokyo Denshoku Co., Japan)로 백색 배경판과 흑색 배경판 상에서 측정하였다 백색 배경판과 흑색 배경판 상에서 측정된 Y값의 평균값을 이용해 contrast ratio를 계산하였다 얻어진 값을 One Way Repeated Measured ANOVA를 이용하여 통계 처리한 결과 10% Opalescence처치군, 15% Opalescence-F처치군 및 대조군에서는 통계적으로 유의할만한 증감을 보이지 않았고, Rembrandt처치군에서는 Contrast ratio가 증가하였다 (p < 0.01) . This study was done to evaluate whether vital bleaching agents could influence on the translucency of the bovine enamel. The anterior bovine teeth that were extracted one day before and without any gross discoloration were obtained and then were preserved in physiologic saline. 6 mm cylindrical tooth specimens were fabricated with diamond puncher perpendicularly on labial surface of bovine tooth. After embedded in transparent acrylic resin with labial surface being exposed, they were cut to a thickness of 1.2 mm with low speed diamond saw (Isomat, Buehler Co., Lake Bluff, IL, USA). They were smoothly ground to 1 mm thickness of enamel with sandpaper. 24 specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups and control group respectively. Opalescence (10% carbamide peroxide, Ultradent, South Jordan, USA), Rembrandt (10% carbamide peroxide, DenMat, USA) and Opalescence F (15% carbamide peroxide with fluoride, Ultradent, USA) were applied on labial sides of the bovine enamel for 7 days (bleaching agents were reapplied every 24 hours) and the opposite surface was contacted to cotton that soaked in distilled water. The control group was soaked in distilled water. Three stimulus value X, Y and Z were evaluated with colorimeter (Color ' Color Differencerneter, Model TC-6FX, Tokyo Denshoku Co., Japan) on the labial surface of all specimen three times on white and black background plate before the bleaching agents were applied and on 3rd, 5th and 7th day after applied. The degree of translucency was normally assessed by measuring the inverse property, opacity (contrast ratio). 10% Opalescence, 15% Opalescence-F, and control group showed no significant variation in the translucency of bovine enamel, However Rembrandt decreased the translucency of it (p < 0.01).

性別 및 年齡에 따른 體格과 體力의 特性과 變化에 關한 縱斷的 硏究Ⅱ : Emphasised on College Men of Department of Physical Education 體育專功 大學生을 中心으로

金尙國,姜東洹,張周鎬,金昇一,徐再均,金耕知,孫斗玉,鮮于攝,崔榮烈,尹宇相,金亨燉,方永鎭,朴英震,柳在忠 慶熙大學校 體育科學大學 1989 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.2

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics, change in physique and physical function of college students majoring physical education and Taekwondo (454 males and 64 females of age groups ranging from 18 to 26). The results are as following: 1. The male group of 23yrs old in physical education showed highest values in 7 items(Weight, Chest Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness and Suprailiac Skinfold Thickness). 2. In the Physical function, the male group of 18yrs old showed highest values in Power, Flexibility, and then 21yrs old at Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and 23yrs old at Grip Strength, and 25yrs old at Blood Pressure, respectively. 3. In the physique, the male group of 22yrs old showed highest values in Weight, Chest Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, and then 24yrs old Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, and 19yrs old at Height, Upper Limb Length, respectively. 4. In Physical Function, the 22yrs old showed highest values in Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and then 23yrs old at Side Step, Trunk Extension, but 18yrs old showed lower Values in Grip Strength, Side Step, Vital Capacity and Blood Pressure. 5. The female group of 22yrs old showed highest values in 8 items(Height, Sitting Height, Waist Girth, Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length, Skinfold Thickness), and then 18yrs old at 5 items (Weight, Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth), respectively. 6. In the physical function, the 22yrs old showed highest Values in Grip strength, Back Strength, Power, 5 Minute Run, and 18yrs old at flexibility, Harvard Step Test, respectively. 7. In the change of the physique for two years(1988-1989) in the male group, majoring Physical education the 22yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 20yrs old in 3 items, but 18yrs old showed decrease in 3 items. 8. In the change of the physical function for two years in the male group, the 20yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 21, 25, 26yrs old in 3 items, but the 19yrs old showed decrease in 6 items, and 18, 22 yrs old in 5 items, respectively. 9. The change of the physique for two years in all female group, of 18, 19, 20, 21yrs old showed increase in 11 items except Skinfold Thickness. 10. In the change of physical function for two years in female group, the 18yrs old showed increase in 3 items, and then 20yrs old in 5 items, but 19, 22yrs old decreased 12 items, respectively. 11. The highest significant difference in physique between male and female was found in weight(mean Value 17.5%), and the lowest difference was found Thigh Girth, Calf Girth(1,3%), Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length(2.5%). 12. The Highest difference in physical function was Strength (mean Value 40%), Vital Capacity (33%), Power(22%), but Lower Trunk Flexion, Foot Balance(3.4%). 13. In the difference of Physique and physical function between physical education major and taekwondo major, the physical education showed higher values in skinfold Thickines (mean Value 16.5%), Weight, Waist Girth(4.7%) and Strength(33%), Endurance(5.6%), but subjects majoring Taekwondo showed higher values in Flexibility and Foot Balance. 14. In all male groups, Waist Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness, Back Strength, Sargent Jump, Trunk Extension and Diastolic Blood Pressure were showed a significantly related at 0.001 level.

척수 경막외 혈관 기형에 의한 재발성 척수병증

오동호,김희태,박운규,이영주,김승현,김주한,김명호,박문향 대한신경과학회 1998 대한신경과학회지 Vol.16 No.5

간질환자의 간질 관련 외상

오동호,박운규,이영주,김희태,김승현,김주한,김명호,신동진 대한신경과학회 1998 대한신경과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

Fibrous Dysplasia Associated with Primary Hyperparathyroidism Absent of McCune-Albright Syndrome : Tc-99m MIBI and Tc-99m MDP Findings

김승장,석주원,김인주,김영기,김동수 대한핵의학회 2003 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.37 No.2

섬유성 골이형성증은 비정상적인 섬유성 골조직으로 대체되며 느리게 진행하는 골병변이다. 섬유성 골이형성증과 부갑상선기능항진증은 흔하게 관찰되는 질환이나 McCune-Albright 증후군 없이 일차성 부갑상선기능항진증에 동반된 섬유성 골 이형성증은 거의 보고된바가 없다. Tc-99m MDP 골스캔이 섬유성 골이형성증의 진단에 유용하다고 알려져 있으나, Tc-99m MIBI 영상은 아직 보고된 바가 없다. 저자들은 McCune-Albright 증후군이 없이 부갑상선기능항진증에 동반된 섬유성 골 이행성증의 Tc-99m MIBI 스캔과 Tc-99m MDP 골스캔의 영상을 비교하였다. Tc-99m MDP 골스캔상 병변 부위에서 증가된 섭취 소견을 보였으며, Tc-99m MIBI 조기영상에서도 동일한 위치에서 섭취증가가 관찰되었다. 2시간 지연 Tc-99m MIBI 영상에서는 Tc-99m MIBI의 섭취가 배출되는 소견을 보였다. 섬유성 골이형성증 병변에서 Tc-99m MIBI 스캔이 유용할 것이라고 생각하며, 섬유성 골이형성증 병변에서 Tc-99m MIBI의 섭취를 증가시키는 인자에 대한 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

현대패션에 표현된 스트라이프패턴의 이미지 분석

신주동(Ju Dong Shin) · 김희숙(Hee Sook Kim) · 최종명(Jong Myoung Choi) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2008 생활과학연구논총 Vol.12 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze the image of stripe pattern expressed in contemporary fashion. For this research, the fashion magazines, Dong-a TV, Internet sites were used as references. In the middle age, the use of stripe pattern was banned because it was regarded as the pattern of the devil in Europe. But nowadays the stripe pattern plays the role of symbolizing health, youth, and personality. The stripe pattern is being used in various kinds of patterns like alternate stripe, block stripe, candy stripe, chalk stripe, herringbone stripe, hombre stripe, pekin stripe, pin stripe, rope stripe, sports stripe, and stitch stripe. The stripe patterns were expressed by the techniques of weaving, printing, sewing, knitting, and embroidery. The image of stripe pattern appeared during 2006 S/S∼2008 S/S collections could be classified into five images of modern, mannish, elegant, exotic, and sporty image.

원발성 유방암에서 Sodium Iodide Symporter의 발현과 ^(99m)Tc-MIBI 유방스캔의 관계

석주원,김성장,곽희숙,이창훈,김인주,김용기,배영태,김동수 대한핵의학회 2002 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.36 No.6

목적: hNIS는 갑상선 조직 외에 다른 조직들에서도 발현된다고 알려져 있다. 유방암 세포는 그런 조직들 중에 하나이며, 그에 의한 유방암의 방사성옥소치료의 가능성이 제시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 유방암 조직에서 hNIS의 발현정도를 알아보고, ^99mTc-MIBI 유방스캔과 hNIS의 발현 정도와의 관계를 조사하여 보았다. 대상 및 방법: 본 연구에서는 유방암으로 수술을 시행했던 56명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. hNIS의 발현은 면역조직화학염색에 의해서 평가되었으며, 그 결과를 ^99mTc-MIBI 유방스캔의 판정 결과와 비교하였다. 결과: 전체 56명의 환자에서 hNIS의 발현율은 41.1%였다. 병리학적 진단에 의해 침윤성관상피암종이었던 49명에서의 발현율은 42.9%, 관상피내암종이었던 7명에서의 발현율은 28.6%였다. ^99mTc-MIBI 유방스캔에서 국소섭취 소견이 관찰되었던 41명에서의 hNIS의 발현율은 31.7%였다. 비정상적인 섭취 소견이 관찰되지 않았던 15명의 환자에서의 hNIS의 발현율이 의미있게 높게 관찰되었다(66.7%, p>0.05). 결론: 유방암 환자에서의 hNIS의 발현율은 그다지 높지 않았다. ^99mTc-MIBI 유방스캔에서 섭취증가 소견이 없을 때 hNIS의 발현율이 더 높았다. Purpose: Human Na^+/I- symporter (hNIS) is known to be expressed in many tissues other than thyroid gland. The breast cancer cells are one of them and the possibility of radioiodine therapy in treatment of the breast cancer may be suggested. We investigated the expression rate of hNIS and the relationship between the expression of hNIS and the finding of 99mTc-MIBI scintimammography in the breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Surgically proved 56 patients with breast cancer were the subjects of this study. The expression of hNIS were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and the results were compared to the findings of 99mTc-MIBI scintimammography. Results: Overall expression rate of hNIS was 41.1% in 56 patients. According to the pathologic diagnosis, it was 42.9% in 49 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma and 28.6% in the 7 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ. The expression rate of hNIS in the 41 cases with a focal increased uptake at he breast lesion on 99mTc-MIBI scintimammogram was 31.7%. That in the 15 cases without any abnormal uptake on the scan was significantly higher(66.7%, p<0.05). Conclusion: The expression rate of hNIS in the patients with breast cancer was not so high. The rate was higher in the patients with no increased uptake at the breast lesion on 99mTc-MIBI scintimammography. (Korean J Nucl Med 2002;36;325-32)

항갑상선제로 치료한 그레이브스병 환자의 관해예측인자

남일송,윤여일,김선규,김용현,이주영,목지오,윤석기,김철희,김영선,변동원,서교일,유명희 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.2

Background: Most cases of Graves' disease have been treated by antithyroid drugs in Korea. The major drawbacks of antithyroid drugs are the relative high rate of relapse and the inconvinience of long term therapy. Measurement of TBII and TRH stimulation test have been considered as the most reliable tests predicting relapse, but the predictive power is not high enough to use in clinical situation. This study was performed to find good prognostic indicators in Graves' disease patients after the discontinuation of antithyroid drug therapy. Subjects and methods : We restrospectively evaluated 96 patients with Graves' disease who showed normal TRH test at the end of antithyroid drug therapy and were followed for more than one year. Serum T3, T4, T3/T4 ratio, TBII, Anti-TPO Ab and TGAb levels were measured at the time of diagnosis and at the end of therapy. Two to three months after withdrawal of antithyroid medication, serum TSH and free T3 responses to TRH were examined. These parameters were compared between the relapse group and the remission group. Results : Among the 96 patients, 22 patients(22.9%) relapsed(Group Ⅱ) and 74 patients(77.1%) remained in remmision(Group Ⅰ). No significant difference was observed between the relapse and the remission group in clinical parameters, serum T3, T4, TSH, T3/T4 ratio, TBⅡ and Anti-TPO Ab determined before and after treatment. Serum TSH and free T3 levels measured after TRH stimulation were also similar in both groups. Serum TGAb levels determined at the end of treatment were significantly higher in the remission group(p<0.05). Relapse following the discontinuation of therapy occured within 24 months in 72.7% of the relapsed cases. After 24 months, relapse rate was reduced significantly. Conclusion : These results suggest that high serum TGAb levels could be a favorable prognostic indicator for the long term remission of Graves' disease treated with antithyroid drugs, and may suggest that Hashimoto's thyroiditis is combined with Graves' disease in those patients.