韓國 中世의 軍事訓練 : 講武制 Kang Moo Jae

강동원 한국체육사학회 1996 체육사학회지 Vol.1 No.-

Kang Mu was a military exercise which purports to prepare the military system and enhance the military power through practical military exercise. The nature of Kang Mu had unclear characteristic in Koryo Dynasty, However, the early era of Cho Sun Dynasty had begun to ipliment more in-depth philosophical aspects. Sungrihak as a national philosophy focused on keeping the authority of king. Worship, Manner, and Public relationship which Kang Mu emphasized were came out of Confucianism. These characteristics were significant differences between the simple military exercise and Kang Mu, From this perspective, Kang Mu was considered to be very practical system which includes mulitary exercise and philosophical perspective. However, Kang Mu lost its nature and characteristics by long lasting peace, priority on agricuttural policy, and demilitarization. From King Yun San era, Kang Mu Continued its name only and finally became more enjoyable public game and play.

끝나지 않는 기억전쟁(mnemonic battle)

박동숙(Dong-Sook Park),이재원(Jae-Won Lie),정사강(Sa-Gahng Jung),강혜원(Hye-Won Kang),김해원(Hae-Won Kim) 한국여성커뮤니케이션학회 2014 미디어, 젠더 & 문화 Vol.29 No.4

제주 4?3 사건은 약 7년 동안 남북한 정권, 민간인, 미국 등 서구 열강의 힘 등이 복합적으로 작용해 숱한 사람들이 사망한 사건이다. 4?3 사건을 둘러싼 논의와 갈등들은 한국 근현대사의 문제들과 닿아 있으며 4?3 사건과 그 진상규명과정에서 파생한 갈등들, 한국사회에서 4?3 사건이 기억되는 맥락은 매우 복합적인 결을 지니고 있다. 본 연구는 4?3 사건을 두고 일어나는 기억의 의미투쟁 현장을 신문은 어떻게, 얼마나 보도하고 있는가를 고찰하고자 했으며 이를 위해 1999년부터 2013년까지 14년 동안 경향신문 동아일보 조선일보 한겨레신문(가나다순) 기사 중 4?3 위주로 보도된 654건의 연도별 보도량과 주제, 기사의 의미와 기사 속 행위자 등을 분석하여 미디어 기억이 어떤 이야기를 하고 있는지 살펴봤다. 4?3을 둘러싼 최근 14년간의 뉴스미디어의 기억 지형을 살펴본 바, 사회적으로 드러난 4?3사건을 둘러싼 중요한 이슈 지점들과 4?3사건을 기억하는 미디어의 기억 지형에서 나타나는 중요한 순간들은 일치하지 않았으며 언론은 지엽적이고 파편적이며 정치 ‘싸움’에 집중된 갈등적인 요소들을 두드러지게 부각시키고 있었다. 무엇보다 4?3사건이 지니고 있는 본질적인 갈등양상과 뉴스미디어에서 그려내고 있는 갈등의 내용과 모습은 큰 차이를 보이고 있으며 뉴스미디어를 통해 이뤄지고 있는 기억전쟁은 왜곡된 형태를 지니고 있는 것으로 드러났다. The Jeju April 3(4?3) Incident occurred during seven years, from 1947 to 1954 in the island of Jeju. Two separated Korean governments, Korean civilians, United States of America and the other actors were complexly related to the incident and 25,000 casualties were estimated. The ongoing discussion and conflict regarding the 4?3 incident is still controversial and the context in which the incident is remembered in Korean society is complicated. Considering the complex nature of the Jeju April 3 Incident, this Study examined the mnemonic battle in Korean newsmedia, how Korean newsmedia covered this incident last fourteen years. For this study, four Korean daily newspapers- Kyunhyang, Dong-A, Chosun and Hanguerae were selected and 654 articles directly related to the incident were collected and analysed. Consequently the main issues and important moments of the 4?3 incident exposed in society and in newsmedia were in discord and inconsistent. The newsmedia covering the incident focused on peripheral issues, fragmented memories and minor conflicts instead of the essence of the incident, and therefore distorted the nature of it.

관해유도 항암요법을 받는 백혈병 환자에서 진균 감염증의 예방 : 무작위 배정법과 이중 눈가림법에 의한 Fluconazole과 Nystain의 효과에 관한 다기관 공동연구 A Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter Trial to Compare Fluconazole with Nystatin

최강원,오명돈,배현주,백경란,박선양,김병국,신완식,강문원,진종률,박종원,김춘추,김동집,한지숙,민유홍,이선주,고윤웅 대한화학요법학회 1993 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Fluconazole의 진균 감염증 예방 효과와 안전성에 관하여 3개 대학병원에서 관해유도화학요법을 받는 급성 백혈병환자를 대상으로 무작위 배정법과 너도나도 누가림법에 의하여 연구하였다. 모두 62명의 환자에게 fluconazole(100㎎ bid) 또는 nystatin(1,000,000IU/day)을 무작위로 투여하였다. 투약은 관해유도화학요법과 같은 날짜에 시작하여 호중구수가 1,000㎣이상으로 회복되거나 진균 감염증이 확인되거나 의심되어 Amphotericin-B를 시작하거나, 약과 관련된 부작용이 나타날 때까지 계속하였다. 진균 colonization은 fluconazole군에서 감소하였으나 nystqatin군에서는 증가하였다, 표재성 진균감염증으로 nystatin군에서 C. albicans 진균혈증 1례와 C.parasilosis 진균혈중 1례가 발생하였다. 경험적 항진균요법으로 Amphotericin-B를 투여한 경우는 fluconazolerns 34명중 7례(21%), nystatinrns 28명중 10례(36%)였다(p<0.05). Fluconazole군과 nystatin군 사이에 부작용이나 사망률에 차이는 없었다. 결론적으로, fluconazole은 관해유도화학요법을 받는 급성 백혈병환자에서 진균의 colonization을 줄이는데 효과적이고 안전한 항진균제이다. We made a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial to compare the efficacy and safety of fluconazole with nystatin for prevention of fungal infections in patients with acute leukemia. Sixty-two adult undergoing remission induction chemotherapy for cute leukemia were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either fluconazole (100㎎ bid) or nystatin(1,000,000IU×6/day) with corresponding placebo. The study drug was started in initiation of chemotherapy and continued until recovery of neutrophil counts(>1,000/㎣), development of proven or suspected invasive fungal infection, or the occurrence of drug-related toxicity. Fungal colonization decreased in fluconazole(F) group, however increased in nystain(n) group. Superficial fungal infection occurred in 1 of 34 F group, whereas invasive fungal infection developed in 3 of 28 N group. Empirical amphotericin-B therapy was given in 7 of 34(21%) F group and 10 of 28(36%) N group(p>0.05). The incidence of drug-related side effects and overall moratlity were similar in both study groups.

Organic Complementary Circuits: Remarkable Enhancement of Hole Transport in Top‐Gated N‐Type Polymer Field‐Effect Transistors by a High‐k Dielectric for Ambipolar Electronic Circuits (Adv. Mater. 40/2012)

Baeg, Kang‐,Jun,Khim, Dongyoon,Jung, Soon‐,Won,Kang, Minji,You, In‐,Kyu,Kim, Dong‐,Yu,Facchetti, Antonio,Noh, Yong‐,Young WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Advanced Materials Vol.24 No.40

<P>On page 5433, Yong‐Young Noh, Antonio Facchetti, Kang‐Jun Baeg, and co‐workers report that high performance ambipolar complementary inverters and ring oscillators are provided by a remarkable enhancement of both hole injection and transport for n‐channel dominant N2200 OFETs. The significant enhancement of hole mobility in N2200 OTFTs is attributed to the strong dipoles in fluorinated high‐k gate dielectric blend of P(VDF‐TrFE):PMMA. </P>

기존의 치료에 반응하지 않는 다발성 간전이 대장암 환자에서 방사선조사와 병합한 수지상세포 면역치료의 1, 2상 임상시험

최영민(Youngmin Choi),이형식(Hyung-Sik Lee),권혁찬(Hyuk-Chan Kwon),한상영(Sang-Young Han),최종철(Jong-Cheol Choi),정주섭(Ju-Seop Chung),김창원(Chang-Won Kim),김동원(Dong-Won Kim),강치덕(Chi-Duk Kang) 대한방사선종양학회 2008 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.26 No.2

목 적: 기존치료에 반응하지 않는 다발성 간전이를 동반한 대장암 환자에서 방사선치료와 병합한 수지상세포 면역 치료의 독성과 반응도를 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2004년 5월부터 2006년 11월까지 다발성 간전이가 동반된 대장암 환자들 중에서 항암화학 요법에 반응하지 않은 환자 중 지원자를 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 본 임상 시험에 대하여 동아대학교병원과 부산대학교병원의 임상윤리심의위원회의 허가를 획득하였고, 동의서에 서명한 환자들을 임상 시험의 대상으로 등록하였다. 환자의 말초 혈액으로부터 수지상세포를 추출하여 배양하였다. 임상시험 일자에 맞추어서 6×106개의 수지상세포를 바이알(0.5 ml)에 넣어서 디씨백/아이알 주사를 만들었다. 수지상세포 면역치료는 2주 간격으로 간전이암조직에 3회 주사하고, 5주에 내약성 평가를 하였다. 내약성 평가를 통과한 환자에게는 8주에 4번째 수지상세포 면 역치료를 하였다. 병의 악화가 없거나 임상시험에 대한 환자의 동의 철회가 없는 경우에는 5, 6번째 수지상세포면역치료를 각각 12, 16주에 시행하였다. 방사선치료는 수지상세포 면역치료를 주사할 간전이암 부위에 주사하기 전일 및 당일에 4 Gy씩을 조사하였다. 내약성 평가는 3×106개의 수지상세포로부터 시작하여, 12×106개의 수지상세포까지 시행하였다. 내약성 평가의 최대 내성 용량으로 추가 임상시험을 하였다. 수지상세포 면역치료 주사를 맞은 모든 환자들에서 안전성 평가를 하였다. 4회 이상 주사를 맞은 환자들을 대상으로 10주에 치료 반응을 평가하여 유효성을 조사하였다. 결 과: 임상시험에 등록한 24명 중 22명에서 수지상세포 면역치료를 시행하였다. 내성약 평가에는 14명이 등록하여 11명에서 평가를 완료하였다. 시험약과의 관련성이 있을 것으로 생각되는 grade 3 이상의 약물반응으로 인한 이상반응은 없었다. 12×106개의 수지상세포를 내성용량으로 확인하였고, 내성용량인 12×106개 수지상세포 면역치료를 이용하여 8명에서 추가로 시험을 하였다. 치료에 대한 환자들의 내성은 양호하였고, grade 3을 초과하는 치명적인 부작용은 발생되지 않았다. 4회 이상의 수지상세포 면역치료 주사를 받은 환자가 17명이었고, 이 중의15명에서는 종양의 반응도 평가가 이루어졌다. 본 연구의 목적은 안전성 평가이지만, 면역치료의 유효성 평가를 위해, 방사선치료와 수지상세포 면역치료 주사가 시행된 부위 외의 간전이암에서 반응도를 조사 하였다. 면역치료의 반응은 평가가 이루어진 환자들에서 정지성 병변이 4명, 진행성 병변이 11명 이었다. 결 론: 수지상세포 면역치료와 병행한 방사선치료는 이론적으로 국소 및 전신 제어에 상승효과가 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있다. 하지만 기존 치료에 반응하지 않는 매우 진행된 직장암 환자들을 대상으로 한 본 연구에서는 방사선 치료와 병합한 수지상세포 면역치료로 인한 심각한 부작용의 발생은 없었다는 결과와 4예에서의 정지성 병변의 관찰을 보고한다. 수지상세포의 최대 투여 용량, 적절한 투여 방법, 적절한 방사선의 양, 방사선과 수지상 세포의적절한 투여 간격 등에 관한 추가 연구를 통하여, 향후 제 2상, 3상 시험으로서의 진행 여부에 긍정적인 결과를얻을 수 있다고 판단한다. Purpose: To assess the toxicity and tumor response induced by DCVac/IRⓇ dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy combined with irradiation for refractory colorectal cancer patients with multiple liver metastases. Materials and Methods: Between May 2004 and November 2006, applicants from a pool of refractory colorectal cancer patients with multiple liver metastases were enrolled. The patients were registered after having signed the informed consent form, which had been approved by the Institutional Review Board from the Dong-A University and Busan National University Hospital. DCs were obtained from peripheral blood of each patient, and then cultured in vitro. A total of 6×106 DCs were packed into a vial (DCVac/IRⓇ, 0.5 ml) at the convenience of each patient’s schedule. On the day before and on the day of each vaccination, each patient received a 4 Gy radiation dose to the target tumor. On the day of vaccination, the indicated dose of autologous DCs was injected into the irradiated tumor using ultrasound-guided needle injection procedures. A total of four vaccinations were scheduled at three 2-week intervals and one 4 week interval at the Dong-A University and Busan National University Hospital. If the tumor status was deemed to be stable or responding to therapy, an additional vaccination dose or two was approved at 4 week intervals beyond the fourth immunization. A tolerance test for DCs was conducted by injecting a range of doses (3×106 to 12×106 DCs) after the 3rd injection. Moreover, the maximal tolerable dose was applied to additional patients. Treatment safety was evaluated in all patients who had at least one injection. Treatment feasibility was evaluated by the 10th week by assessing the response of patients having at least 4 injections. For systemic toxicities, the evaluation was performed using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria, whereas adverse effects were recorded using common WHO toxicity criteria. Results: Of the 24 registered patients, 22 received the DCs injections. Moreover, of the 14 patients that applied for the tolerance test, only 11 patients completed it because 3 patients withdrew their testing agreement. A grade 3 or more side effect, which was possibly related to the DC injection, did not occur in additional patients. The 12×106 DC injection was identified as the maximum tolerable dose, and was then injected in an additional 8 patients. Patients tolerated the injection fairly well, with no fatal side effects. In order to assess the feasibility of DC immunotherapy, the response was evaluated in other hepatic lesions outside of the targeted hepatic lesion. The response evaluation was performed in 15 of the 17 patients who received at least 4 injections. Stable and progressive disease was found in 4 and 11 patients, respectively. Conclusion: The DC-based immunotherapy and radiotherapy is theoretically synergistic for the local control and systemic control. The DCVac/IRⓇ immunotherapy combined with irradiation was tolerable and safe in the evaluated cases of refractory colorectal cancer with multiple liver metastases. Future work should include well designed a phase II clinical trials

단일 전력단 능동 클램프형 고주파 공진 인버터에 관한 연구

강진욱,박재욱,원재선,배영호,김동희 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 2002 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.30 No.2

This paper presents active-clamp type high frequency resonant inverter with single-stage. The proposed topology is an integrated circuit of active-clamp type high frequency resonant inverter with boost converters having the function of power factor correction. The input stage of the full-bridge boost rectifier works in discontinuous conduction mode(DCM) with constant duty cycle and variable switching frequency. Hence a high power factor operation is achieved naturally. By adding active-clamp circuit to conventional class-E high frequency inverter, main switch of inverter part operates not only at Zero-Voltage-Switching mode but also reduces the switching voltage stress of main switch. Theoretical analysis in converter part is performed with Psim 4.1 software tool and in inverter part is generally evaluated by using normalized parameter and characteristics values based on characteristics estimation through circuit analysis is given as basis data in design procedure. Also, experimental results are presented to verify theoretical discussion. This proposed inverter can be practically used as a power supply in the fields of induction heating applications, DC-DC converter, etc.

혼합형 할라이드 페로브스카이트 태양전지에서의 복합 유기 양이온 효과

강동원 청주대학교 2018 産業科學硏究 Vol.35 No.2

Photovoltaic technology as a renewable energy source have has been developed based on crystalline silicon solar cells with high efficiency over 20%. Recently, methylammonium (MA) lead halide perovskite solar cells, especially MAPbI3, have been widely studied in recent several years thanks to its remarkable power conversion efficiency. Introducing formamidium(FA) into the MAPbI3 reduces their bandgap and thus it can increase light absorption by extending absorption spectral ranges over 800 nm. In this paper, we have investigated effects of introducing mixed-organic cation (MA1-αFAα) into MAPbI3-based perovskites on absorber quality of MA1-αFAα PbI3-xClx and also checked their device performances as a function of added FA contents.

初等學校 敎師들의 體育認識에 관한 調査 硏究 : 京機 東部地域을 中心으로 Centering on the eastern district of Kyoung gi-province

강동원,권경달 慶熙大學校 社會體育硏究所 1998 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.11

Physical training in human life play an important role which can live a happy life of individual. Especially, physical training which has educational value is the great educational method for the character completion. Nowadays the physical training in school is losing the value because of the absence of the educational philosophy and the distortion of the physical culture. This causes the crisis of the educational identification as well as the physical education in the elementary school physical training. Also it causes the big problem of noneducational-dehumanization against the whole education because of the full physical activity need for children's psychological and physical growth. So the elementary school physical training must raise the basic ability to live a personal happy life with developing persons' potential energy for the physical training more than improving the athletic skill. So the physical training does much for improving the democratic quality and creative ability for children's future. The great factors of this elementary physical training are the educational subjects, children, teachers and parents but most of all teachers' role is very important. So teachers must play a very positive and desirable role Teachers' role perception have and effect in role action and the effect of the role action depends on the role perception. Teachers' role action is determined by teachers' role perception and the role action of the able teachers shows when the gap of the difference between the role expectation and the perception is low. In this point, to normalize the elementary physical training the investigation, research, and analysis about the forms and types of the perception for teachers' physical training in the elementary school are very meaningful.

韓國 體育行政 運營實態 및 體育振興方案에 관한 硏究

강동원,정병기 慶熙大學校 社會體育硏究所 1994 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.7

1. Conclusion 1) Makeshift of administration structures erased the boundaries of government control of the Korean athletic association 2) Administration structures are preventing the growth of a lucrative business. 3) KOC's authority and roles should be extended for a lucrative business. 4) KOC needs to be the legal supporting for the leading organization for all amateur sports. 5) KOC and KSC should be independent of the government and fully controlled by the Korean athletic association. When the three above conditions are solved, the direction of athletic business should be as the following. 1) The experts of sports marketing should be secured and new sections established. 2) By dint of requesting advanced and Professional foreign companies which deal with sports marketing, continuous training should be carried out, The marketing of the present athletic committee is virtually only a basic step. 3) Each KNGB(Korea National Government Body) needs steady inquiring attitude from the audience's point of view. The potential possibility of each KNGB is, in fact, so important that it can determine the maintenance or abolition of the athletic committee. However, KNGB has failed many times in mobilizing the audience only in popular events. The reason has been analyzeed that the level of the audience, who has watched world-wide sporting events through the mass media, have increased, but the contents of sports couldn't catch up with it 4) The professional broadcasting sports company should be established, These are the most efficient ways to spread several elements which can make the athletic committee independent financially and to make the highest profits. Looking at the effects of the professional broadcasting sports company if these suggestion are implemented. ① Athletic committee could cope with the pressure from the three Korean broadcasting stations, and raise their payments which was lower than expected. ② Can broadcast the extremely popular events, but also unpopular ones which have action. ③ Can equally cope with exploiting and securing of a sponsor market, ④ Can help people better understood the olympic structure by continuous broadcasting of olympic impressions, which is like the aim of KOC bussinesses. ⑤ Can always promptly transfer the exact information of a sporting event to the people regardless of the assigned broadcasting time. 5) Being on the axis of KOC, an over issue of licensing for each KNGB should be prevented and more qualified licences issued. Like above, the problems of managermant in the past and the propositions for the advancement of the athletic committee, should be reviewed, revised and improved with special care. As a final emphasis(I'd like to take), the successful development will depend on the great effort of all the persons corparties concermed with the athletic committee with a futuristic point of view and without any individual interest.

韓國 家庭의 體育用品 使用實態와 選好度에 關한 調査硏究

姜東洹 상명대학교 논문집 1985 상명대학교논문집 Vol.16 No.-

In order to find out the actual use of sporting goods by Korean families and their preference for such goods, questionaires were distributed to 1,200 families all over the nation. As result, the following data and information were obtained. 1. The respondents are comprised of 833 males and 377 females. Of 1,200 respondents 95 are in their twenties, 269 in their thirties, 672 in their forties and 163 are above fitties. The classification of the respondents by place of their residence indicates that 506 are from large cities, 264 from small and medium cities; and 428 are from farming and fishing villages. 2. They purchase sporting goods for promoting health and managing physical fitness (58.2%or 699 families), for enjoying their leisure (23.1%) and for satisfying the demand of family (17%). They choose sporting goods according to goods' security (77.9% or 935 families),to maker and label's name value (10.2%) and to articles' price (8.2%). In the end, they purchase the sporting goods for the whole family members (40.5%), for teenagers (55.7%), but no goods are purchased exclusively for the old and housewives. A. Men usually purchase goods for promoting health, while women do highly for enjoying leisure. City residents and those who are highly educated and highly paid usually purchase goods for enjoying leisure. B. They usually have about six kinds of goods, including jumping rope for all family, goods for baseball about 50%, and goods for leisure about 30%. They have different goods according to their place of residence, their academic background and their degree of income. C. The problems of home-made sporting goods are their fragility and their one-sidedly westernized design. 3. It seems that the desirable methods of promoting our goods' quality are to authorize officially our goods by the international and domestic atheletic organization and to adopt the scientific management and technique of goods' quality. 4. The problems resulted from the process of goods' circulation are that only 30% of the whole families purchase their goods from sport centers and only 18.6% of the whole purchasers think the salesmen have the special knowledge. 5. The purchasers acknowledge the speciality of foreign goods (which are made in Korea, but attached foreign label) according to the events, but they usually use habitually domestic products. They indicate that foreign goods have better quality and design than domestic goods, and among foreign goods they prefer shoes and sporting apparatus to the sport wear and accessories. 6. Korean sporting goods' problem is that they are expensive in comparison with its quality and they cause a marketing problem. The purchasers prefer foreign goods to domestic goods, because the domestic goods' quality is coarse (34.8%) and it influences on the outcome of the game (23.6%). It is hopeful to produce excellent domestic goods and to establish the Brand Image. 7. The purchasers usually select foreign goods not because they accept the opinions of their friends but because foreign goods have better design, colour and quality than domestic goods, although the former are a little more expensive.