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Parametric study of a high-performance ammonia-fed SOFC standalone system
Thai-Quyen Quach,Van-Tien Giap,Dong Keun Lee,Israel Torres Pineda,Kook Young Ahn 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.6
Ammonia-fed solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power generation systems are very promising owing to their high efficiency and ease of fuel storage. However, understanding the complexity of fuel cell stacks and systems supplied by ammonia remains challenging. Therefore, it is proposed to investigate the standalone SOFC system to clearly elucidate the behavior of the stack and realize facile implementation. In this study, the stack was modeled and validated using experimental data to confirm its output characteristics. The system efficiency was then calculated under various operating conditions, such as current density, fuel utilization, and stack in/out temperature. The results show that the system efficiency is approximately 54 % and is highly dependent on fuel utilization and current density but not on temperature differences. However, the system can only operate at a temperature difference of 65 °C or higher owing to the effectiveness of the heat exchanger on the fuel side.
Nguyen, Quyen Van,Sun, Hyeon Jin,Boo, Kyung Hwan,Lee, Doseung,Lee, Ji-Hyun,Lim, Pyung Ok,Lee, Hyo Yeon,Riu, Key-Zung,Lee, Dong-Sun 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.1
The objective of this study was to develop an efficient system for the regeneration of spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea L.) by investigating the factors influencing callus and shoot induction. All plant growth regulator (PGR) combinations tested induced callus with high frequency (73-100 %), and the combination of 5 ${\mu}M$ ${\alpha}$-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 10 ${\mu}M$ 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 ${\mu}M$ gibberellic acid ($GA_3$) had the most significant effect on callus growth in term of weight ($120.98{\pm}22.56$ mg). A high auxin-containing medium induced competent callus for shoot formation, while high cytokinin-containing media enhanced callus growth and made callus incompetent for shoot regeneration. Longer periods of callus induction in a high auxin-containing medium were required to form competent callus and led to a high regeneration capacity. The PGR combination shift from a high auxin to cytokinin ratio (ACR) to a low ACR resulted in highly efficient regeneration. Among the regeneration systems tested, the combination of 10 ${\mu}M$ NAA and 0.3 ${\mu}M$ $GA_3$ for callus induction for 6 weeks followed by 2 ${\mu}M$ NAA and 5 ${\mu}M$ BA resulted in the highest plant regeneration frequency ($83.33{\pm}6.43%$) and the highest number of plantlets per explant ($7.93{\pm}1.24$). Somatic embryos at cotyledonary stage and plantlets were transferred to PGR-free medium to establish whole plants. Regenerated female plants grew well to maturity in the greenhouse ($77.17{\pm}9.80%$) and produced seeds ($175.21{\pm}28.01$ firm seeds per plant).