A 2.5–5.6 GHz Subharmonically Injection-Locked All-Digital PLL With Dual-Edge Complementary Switched Injection

Cho, Sung-Yong,Kim, Sungwoo,Choo, Min-Seong,Ko, Han-Gon,Lee, Jinhyung,Bae, Woorham,Jeong, Deog-Kyoon IEEE 2018 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS PART 1 R Vol.65 No.9

<P>A 2.5–5.6 GHz low-phase-noise subharmonically injection-locked sub-sampling all-digital phase-locked loop with a dual-edge complementary switched injection technique is presented. While previously reported injection-locked phase-locked loops (ILPLLs) require additional circuitry for resolving a phase alignment mismatch between the PLL loop and injection path, the presented ILPLL exhibits a simplified architecture owing to the proposed injection technique and sub-sampling bang-bang phase detector (SSBBPD). Because the proposed injection technique exploits dual-edge injection, we analyze the performance impact of dual-edge injection when inaccurate injection timing occurs. This paper also offers an analysis of the injection technique based on the charge transfer and derives the realignment factor of the injection. With the proposed injection technique and the direct connection of the digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) clock to the SSBBPD, the timing mismatch between the PLL loop and injection path becomes insensitive to voltage and temperature drift. The proposed ILPLL prototype is fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process and achieves a 168-fs integrated rms jitter over 1 kHz to 40 MHz at a 5-GHz output frequency with 156.25-MHz reference clock while consuming 15.4 mW with an active area of 0.06 mm<SUP>2</SUP>.</P>

전력계통의 지락사고에 대한 매트릭스형 초전도 한류기의 동작특성

오금곤(Kum-Gon Oh),조용선(Yong-Sun Cho),최효상(Hyo-Sang Choi),오성보(Seong-Bo Oh),김덕구(Deog-Goo Kim) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2009 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.23 No.10

전력 계통 내에서 발생하는 과도한 고장전류의 억제를 위한 가장 이상적인 방안은 초전도 한류기이다. 초전도 한류기의 전력계통 적용을 위해 본 논문에서는 전력계통 내에서 발생하는 1선, 2선, 3선 지락사고를 모의하여 매트릭스형 초전도 한류기의 동작 특성 및 소비전력을 분석하였다. 모든 지락사고에 대해 매트릭스형 초전도 한류기는 사고 초기에는 85[%] 이상, 1주기 이후에는 95[%] 이상 고장전류를 제한시킬 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 초전도 소자간의 임계특성의 차이를 줄여줌으로써 소비전력이 균등해진다는 것을 확인하였다. It is very important for power stability to suppress the excessive fault current happened frequently in the real power grid. The superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is one of the most effective ways to reduce the fault current among the facilities developed so far. In this paper, we have investigated the operating characteristics of the power grid with the SFCL according to three types such as the single, double and triple line-to-ground faults. In addition, we analyzed the consumption power of the superconducting units based on the working data of the SFCL. We confirmed that the fault current could be limited lower than its peak value to 85 percentage in initial fault condition and to 95 percentage after one cycle in the matrix-type SFCL. The consumption powers of the superconducting units were almost equal by reduction of the difference of the critical current between superconducting units element.

Influence of Suture Materials on Growth and Stricture of Tracheal Anastomosis in Growing Rabbits

Kwack, Moon Sub,Cho, Deog Gon CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1993 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.21 No.2

A primary tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis is considered to be the most dependable and efficient way of regaining anatomic and functional continuity of trachea in the patients with tracheal lesions. However, high incidence of stenosis or granuloma at the suture line may be developed when the chidren grow up. We compared the influence off polypropylene (Prolene^�, group Ⅰ), polyglactin 910 (coated Vicryl^�, group Ⅱ ) and polydioxanone (PDS^�, group Ⅲ) by evaluating the stenosis and the growth of the tracheal anastomotic sites after complete transection and end to end anastomosis in growing rabbits. The results were as follows; 1. There was a 197% increase in body weight to 3.3±0.18 kg and no significance in growth of body weight among the groups. 2. The growth of the lateral diameters was significantly less than anteroposterior diameter’s in each group. 3. In a comparison of nonabsorbable verses absorbable suture materials (group Ⅰ verses group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ) at the time of death of the animals, the growth of the both internal diameters and the cross sectional areas in group Ⅰ was significantly less than those of other groups (p<0.05). 4. In a comparison of these two absorbable suture materials (group Ⅱ verses group Ⅲ), the growth of the both internal diameters and the cross sectional areas at the time of death of the animals in group Ⅲ were significantly greater than that in group Ⅱ (p<0.05). 5. Histologic analysis showed that intense inflammatory reaction and fibrosis around nonabsorbed Prolene sutures in group I was more frequent than in other two groups, and revealed a more intense inflammatory reaction surrounding multifilament coated Vicryl sutures with more rapid resorption and greater subsequent fibrosis ralative to the reaction seen with PDS sutures. In conclusion, although there was little evidence of respiratory impairment, the transection of the trachea with end to end anastonnosis resulted in stenosis and retardation of growth at the anastomosis site in growing rabbits. The nonabsorbable suture material (Prolene) induced more remarkable stenosis of anastomoses than the absorbable suture marterials (coated Vicryl and PDS). And the degree of stenosis was significantly less w hen monofilament absorbable suture material (PDS) was used.

중학생에서 비만과 생활습관, 우울 성향의 상관관계

조성민,장규태,김덕곤,Cho, Sung-Min,Chang, Gyu-Tae,Kim, Deog-Gon 대한한방소아과학회 2007 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Objectives The relationships between adolescent depression and obesity, life style has been reported, but usually study results were not consistent with the study before. This study was designed to evaluate clear relationship between obesity and depressive trends, life styles in middle school students. Methods The study participants were the 1th, 2th grade students from one middle school in Kang dong Gu, Seoul(479 Students). The participants were measured their height and weight, and they were also surveyed by questionnaire. We diagnosed the students as depressives when they scored 10 points or above on Children's Depression Inventory(CDI) of Kovacs and Beck. Results The mean depression score in the obese group was significantly higher than that of the normal body weight group, and the more severely obese the group was, the higher the depression scores for this group were. The depression score of the boys obese group was higher than the girls obese group. The depression score was significantly higher in the obese group of people who hate to do exercising, like computer games and like watching TV instead, than in the group of people who like to do exercising and don't play computer games. Conclusions This study showed that depressive mood during adolescent was related to obesity and obesity-related lifestyles.

반복적 구토 및 복통으로 가성 장 폐쇄로 진단받은 환자 1례

조형준,이진용,김덕곤,김기훈,Cho, Hyung-Jun,Lee, Jin-Yong,Kim, Deog-Gon,Kim, Ki-Hoon 대한한방소아과학회 2004 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Objectives: Transverse myelitis is a rare neurological disorder that is part of a spectrum of neuroimmunologic diseases of the central nervous system. A patient was hospitalized with intestinal pseudoobstruction(poor oral feeding, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation) secondary to Transverse myelitis. We treated her with Oriental medical approach and obtained satisfactory result. Methods: The Herbal medicine(Bihwa-eum), Acupuncture, Moxibustion therapy were applied for improving the deficiency of energy of the spleen and stomach, regulate the flow of vital energy. Results: After treatments, Patient's vomiting frequency is decreased and abdominal pain is improved and oral feeding is available. She gains in weight continuously. Conclusion: The authors thought that Bihwa-eum is effective to vomiting and abdominal pain due to intestinal pseudoobstruction. The more study is needed.

인터넷 게임 중독으로 발생하는 신체증상과 중독성 사이의 상관성 연구

조성민,윤경희,고덕재,유한정,이진용,김덕곤,Cho, Sung-Min,Yoon, Kyung-Hee,Koh, Duck-Jae,You, Han-Jung,Lee, Jin-Yong,Kim, Deog-Gon 대한한방소아과학회 2006 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Objectives : As the side effect brought up by internet game addiction, many reports come out, but most of past articles are for middle or high school students. There is seldom a poisoning game treatise to a primary school student, if there is treatise, it is real condition that treatise for lead pipe with psychological reasons is seldom discussion about physical symptoms. This research searches high grade elementary students' game use actual conditions and when divide to general user group, latent danger use group, high dangerous use group, according to serious illness degree of game poisoning, three groups and game poisoning happens, recognized about body symptoms that happen much. Methods : Target population of these questionnaire are fifth and sixth grade elementary student of Seoul city 2 school. Chose 263 elementary students, 144 men, 119 women who understand purpose of research and admit participation is 25 October, 2006 since 1 September, 2006 Results : As poisoning serious illness degree is high, there are many number of game times, much more boys are addicted to internet game than girs, insomnia is apt to happen frequently in game poisoning danger group, and correlation is high by megrim, shoulder ache, digestive trouble. Insomnia, symptoms that show next even if some symptoms show first because there is high correlation between megrim, shoulder ache, digestive trouble is high possibility to happen among four symptoms. Insomnia, megrim, shoulder ache, digestive trouble that happen by internet game poisoning, is apt to increase by increasing addiction. Symptoms treatment can divide by internal treatment that treat insomnia, megrim, digestive trouble, external treatment that is typical symptoms of VDT syndrome shoulder ache, headache, fatigue persimmon. Root treatment is mind symptoms treatment. Game addiction treatment is relationship method 'seven emotions injury treatment' in oriental medicine. 'promote the normal flow of qi' and 'adjustment of suitable emotion' can talk as pivotal point of treatment.

기관지 결석의 수술치험 3례

조덕곤,조규도,박건,곽문섭,김치홍,Cho, Deog-Gon,Cho, Kyu-Do,Park, Kuhn,Kwack, Moon-Sub,Kim, Chi-Hong 대한기관식도과학회 1999 大韓氣管食道科學會誌 Vol.5 No.1

Broncholithiasis is defined as a condition in which calcified material is present within the bronchial lumen. It is a rare but troublesome disease that can cause life-threatening complications such as massive fatal hemoptysis. Therefore, pulmonary resection is frequently required to remove the broncholiths and irreversibly damaged parenchyma. We experienced 3 cases of broncholithiasis. In one case, a 36 year old female patient suffered from coughing, massive hemoptysis with lithoptysis caused by intrinsic obstructive broncholiths in the right middle and lower lobe. In the 2nd case, a 41 year old male patient complained of long-standing blood tinged sputum and frequent pneumonic symptoms for 10 months because of extrinsic broncholithiasis where the calcified peribronchial lymph node eroded into the bronchial lumen of the right lower lobe. The remaining case involved a 30 year old female patient who complained of intermittent blood-tinged sputum induced by intrabronchial broncholith in the orifice of the right middle lobe bronchus. Two patients underwent bilobectomy(right middle and lower lobe) for removal of the broncholiths, damaged bronchi and parenchyma. The other patient was treated with right middle lobectomy and stone removal by bronchotomy of bronchus intermedius. In all patients, the post-operative course was uneventful.

상백피(桑白皮)가 항알러지 및 항염증반응에 미치는 영향

이진용,김덕곤,조형준,Lee, Jin-Yong,Kim, Deog-Gon,Cho, Hyung-Jun 대한한방소아과학회 2005 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Objective: This experimental study was performed to examine the in vitro and in viva anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of Mori Cortex. Methods: Water extract of Mori Cortex was studied to its ability to stimulate or inhibit macrophage 264.7 cells to produce inflammatory and allergic mediators. Cytokines such as $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-10 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were measured by immunochemical assay. In vitro, the macrophages 264.7 were classified into four groups. One group was a normal group. The other group was a (-) control group stimulated with LPS. And the third group was a (+) control group pretreated for 1 hour with hydrocortisone. And the fourth group was a sample group pretreated for 1 hour with Mori Cortex. After pretreatment, macrophage were incubated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) $100\;ng/m{\ell}$ for 12 hour and media collected and $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-10 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentrations in supernatants were measured each by Enzyme linked immuno-soubent assay. Mori Cortex were used $50\;{\mu}g/m{\ell},\;100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell},\;250\;{\mu}g/m{\ell},\;500\;{\mu}g/m{\ell},\;and\;1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Hydrocortisones were used $10^{-8}M,\;10^{-7}M,\;10^{-6}M,\;10^{-5}M\;and\;10^{-4}M$. In vivo, the SD rats were classified into three groups. One group was a normal group injected with normal saline into the abdominal cavity. The other was a control group prescribed to compound 48/80 after normal saline injection. And the third was a sample group prescribed to compound 40/80 after Mori Cortex injection. Then, the release of histamine, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were measured. Results : In vitro, Man Cortex significantly increased the release of $IL-1{\beta}\;and\;TNF-{\alpha}$ by LPS-stimulated macrophage 264.7 cells. And it significantly decreased the release of IL-10. In IL-6, Mori Cortex of low concentration significantly decreased the release of IL-6, but that of high concentration acted in reverse. In vivo, Man Cortex didn't show significant inhibitory effects on the release of histamine and IL-6 in comparison with that of the control group. But it significantly increased the release of $TNF-{\alpha}$ in comparison with that of the control group.

내소화중탕가미방(內消和中湯加味方)의 아토피 피부염 치료에 대한 임상고찰

이진용,김덕곤,조백건,Lee, Jin-Yong,Kim, Deog-Gon,Cho, Baek-Gun 대한한방소아과학회 2005 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Objective : The objective of this study is to assess the clinical effect of Naesowhajungtang Gamibang on atopic dermatitis. Method : A total of 30 patients with atopic dermatitis were evaluated for the symptoms and signs according to SCORAD index and measured for peripheral eosinophil counts and serum total IgE before and after treatment. Results : 1. Among 30 patients diagnosed as Atopic Dermatitis, 11, were male(37%) and 19 were female(63%). the ratio of male and female patients were 1:1.7. 2. Among 30 patients diagnosed as Atopic Dermatitis, 25 Have family history of allergic disease(83%) and 20 have past history of allergic discase. 3. There was statistically significant relationship between serum total IgE and SCORAD score(p=0.019). 4. There was statistically significant relationship between peripheral eosinophil count and SCORAD score(p=0.001). 5. We could find no statistically significant change of serum total IgE and peripheral eosinphil count before and after treatment. 6. There was statistically significant change of SCORAD score and subjective symptom before and after treatment.(p<0.05). Conclusion : Naesowhajungtanggamibang is effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. And peripheral eosinophil counts and serum total IgE were good serum maker reflection the severity of atopic dermatitis.

매실 분획물에 의한 인체 대장암세포 억제 효과

김정호(Jeong-Ho Kim),조현동(Hyun-Dong Cho),원영선(Yeong-Seon Won),허지안(Ji-An Heo),김지영(Ji-Young Kim),김휘곤(Hwi-Gon Kim),한심희(Sim-Hee Han),문광덕(Kwang-Deog Moon),서권일(Kwon-Il Seo) 한국생명과학회 2019 생명과학회지 Vol.29 No.11

매실은 한국, 일본 및 중국 등지에서 섭취하여온 과실로서 유기산이 풍부하며, 다량의 무기질 및 폴리페놀 성분을 함유한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 매실을 이용하여 예로부터 절임이나 청 등으로 가공하여 섭취할 뿐만 아니라 구토, 해독 및 해열에 효능이 있는 한약재로서 사용해왔다. 본 연구에서는 매실을 이용하여 분획물을 제조하고 각각의 인체 대장암세포에 대한 성장 억제효과를 확인하였으며, colony 형성능, 형태학적 관찰, apoptotic body 형성, 단백질 변화 및 환경호르몬에 대한 방어 효과를 평가하였다. 매실 분획물의 인체 대장암세포 HT-29에 대한 증식 억제효과는 매실 메탄올 분획물(maesil methanol fraction, MMF) 및 매실 부탄올 분획물(maesil, butanol fraction, MBF)이 가장 뛰어난 효능을 나타내었다. MMF 및 MBF의 처리에 따라 colony 형성능 또한 농도의존적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 형태학적 변화 또한 확인할 수 있었다. 핵의 형태학적 변화를 관찰한 결과 125 μg/ml의 MMF 및 MBF 처리에 따라 apoptotic body의 형성 및 핵 응축을 관찰하였다. MMF 및 MBF의 처리에 따른 인체 대장암세포의 성장 억제효과가 apoptosis 와 관련이 있는지 단백질의 변화를 확인한 결과, pro-apoptotic 단백질은 Bax, caspase-3, PARP의 발현이 농도의존적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, anti-apoptotic 단백질인 Bcl-2의 발현은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 또한, 환경호르몬의 일종은 bisphenol A (BPA)에 의해 성장이 증식된 HT-29세포는 MMF의 처리에 따라 유의적인 성장억제 효과를 갖는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 얻은 결과는 매실 분획물을 이용한 기능성 식품 소재화에 대한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Prunus mume, also known as maesil, is a popular fruit consumed in East Asia (Korea, Japan, and China). It contains high amounts of organic acids, minerals, and polyphenols and has been used as a medication for fever, vomiting, and detoxification. In this study, the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of solvent fractions from maesil were evaluated using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays, morphological evaluations, Hoechst 33258 staining, and western blotting. Addition of the maesil methanol fraction (MMF) and the maesil butanol fraction (MBF) significantly and dose-dependently decreased the cell viability of HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Colony-forming assays confirmed that the MMF and MBF treatments decreased colony numbers when compared with untreated control cells. Treatment of HT-29 cells with MMF and MBF caused a distortion of the cell morphology to a shrunken cell mass. Treatment with MMF and MBF also dose-dependently increased nuclear condensation and the formation of apoptotic bodies in HT-29 cells. Treatment with MMF and MBF significantly and dosedependently increased the expression of Bax (a pro-apoptotic protein), caspase-3, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 (an anti-apoptotic protein). MMF significantly and dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation induced by bisphenol A, an environmental hormone. Therefore, MMF may have potential use as a functional food and as a possible therapeutic agent for the prevention of colon cancer.