An Analysis of means-end chain approach for birdwatching experts using soft laddering

Kim,Seong Seop,Park Chung Woong,Han,Hag Chin 세계문화관광학회 2007 Conference Proceedings Vol.8 No.0

Quantitative study on yield point phenomenon of low carbon steels processed by compact endless casting and rolling

Kim, Jung Gi,Um, Ho Yong,Kang, Ji Yun,Jeong, Hyeok Jae,Choi, Kang Hyun,Lee, Sang-Hyeon,Kim, Seong-Yeon,Chung, Jae-Sook,Kim, Hyoung Seop Elsevier 2018 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.734 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Compact endless cast and rolling mill (CEM) is an innovative process to manufacture a hot-rolled steel strip by combining casting and hot-rolling processes. However, the yield point phenomenon (YPP) of low carbon steel strip-processed by CEM induces a negative effect in the steel product and an additional post-process is required to remove the YPP. In this study, the influence of the dislocation density and the grain interior solute atoms on the yield point elongation (YPE) of low carbon steels were quantitatively investigated using 3-dimensional atom probe tomography analysis and X-ray convolutional multiple whole profile fitting. The YPE of low carbon steel is suppressed as the dislocation density increases and carbon atom content decreases. Because the dislocation density of low carbon steel by the CEM process is increased by lowering the processing temperature, the yielding behavior of the CEM products can be eliminated without any additional post-processing. The quantitative study on the carbon/dislocation density and YPP of low carbon steel not only represents the theoretical basis of the role of carbon-dislocation interaction on YPP but also provides an effective solution to optimize the CEM process for superior products.</P>

쿠싱병의 임상적 고찰

김태승,이경미,이찬희,김영수,김동익,허갑범,이현철,이은직,김경래,조재식,이규창,정상섭,윤도흠 대한내분비학회 1993 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.8 No.3

Cushing's syndrome caused by ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma or by corticotroph hyperplasia in referred to Cushing's disease. Since the original description of Cushing's disease by Harvey Cushing in 1932, lthere has been marked progression in the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. Despite the progression, the diverse clinical, endocrinological and pathological features of Cushing's disease remin incompetely understood and there also remain many problems to be resolved about the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of Cushing's disease. Sixteen cases with Cushing's disease were evaluated in this study. The follwing results were obtained. 1) The patients consist of 12 females and 4 males and the age was ranged from 18 to 47 years. 2) Among 16 patients, 14 patients showed central obesity and buffalo hunp, 13 moon face. Among 12 female patients, 10 patients showed abnormalities of menstration. 3) Elevated levels and loss of diurnal variation of the serum cortisol were observed in all patients, and increased 24hr urine free cortisol in 11 out of 12 patients tested. Urinary cortisol excretion was not suppressed by low dose dexamethasone suppression test but suppressed by high dose dexamethasone test. 4) Computed tomogram and MRI revealed that 15 casese were micreadenoma and 1 was macroadenoma. 5) The modalties of treatment were TSA (11 cases), TSA with Radiotherapy (2 cases), and r-knife radiosurgery (3 cases). 6) During the follow up periods(2~31 months), 2 cases were recurred. In conclusion, 15 cases of 16 Cushing's disease were microadenoma. The standard dexamethasone suppression test was useful in the biochemical diagnosis, and inferior petrous venous sampling was also needed to clarify the localization of tumor which was not detected by MRI or CT scan.( J Kor Soc Endocrinol 8: 273~280, 1993).

<i>Panax notoginseng</i> Inhibits Tumor Growth through Activating Macrophage to M1 Polarization

Kim, Bosung,Kim, Eun-Yeong,Lee, Eun-Ji,Han, Jung Ho,Kwak, Chung-Hwan,Jung, Yeon-Seop,Lee, Syng-Ook,Chung, Tae-Wook,Ha, Ki-Tae Institute for Advanced Research in Asian Science a 2018 The American journal of Chinese medicine Vol.46 No.6

<P>Among the herbal ingredients of HangAmDan-B, a medicinal formula that redirects macrophages to become tumoricidal effectors, we found that <I>Panax notoginseng</I> (Burk.) F. H. Chen is the active component responsible for its macrophage-mediated antitumor activity. The water extracted roots of <I>P. notoginseng</I> (PN) did not affect the viability of RAW264.7 murine macrophage-like cells and murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells up to a concentration of 100<TEX>$ \,$</TEX><TEX>$ \mu $</TEX>g/mL. However, the transfer of culture media from PN-treated RAW264.7 cells suppressed the growth of LLC cells. The expression of classically activated (M1) markers, such as interleukin (IL)-1<TEX>$ \beta $</TEX>, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-<TEX>$ \alpha $</TEX>, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), was increased by PN treatment. The expression of alternatively activated (M2) markers including CD206, IL-10, and <TEX>$ \beta $</TEX>-<TEX>$ N$</TEX>-acetylhexosaminidases (YM-1) was reduced by PN treatment in the presence of IL-4. Flow cytometry also revealed that PN drives M1 activation of RAW264.7 cells. The transfer of culture media from PN-treated RAW264.7 cells induced the apoptosis of LLC cells as measured by flow cytometry using Annexin-V staining and western blot analysis for caspase cascade-related proteins. In addition, the results from <I>in vivo</I> tumor allograft model demonstrated that PN reduced both tumor volume and weight. The activation of macrophages toward an M1 phenotype was confirmed in the tumor allograft tumor model. These results collectively show that PN can serve as a potent anticancer agent through reeducation of macrophages toward an M1 phenotype.</P>

Antagonistic regulation of PAF1C and p-TEFb is required for oligodendrocyte differentiation.

Kim, Suhyun,Kim, Jun-Dae,Chung, Ah-Young,Kim, Hyung-Seok,Kim, Young-Seop,Kim, Myoung-Jin,Koun, Soonil,Lee, You Mie,Rhee, Myungchull,Park, Hae-Chul,Huh, Tae-Lin The Society 2012 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.32 No.24

<P>Oligodendrocytes are myelinating glial cells in the CNS and are essential for proper neuronal function. During development, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are specified from the motor neuron precursor domain of the ventral spinal cord and differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes after migration to the white matter of the neural tube. Cell cycle control of OPCs influences the balance between immature OPCs and myelinating oligodendrocytes, but the precise mechanism regulating the differentiation of OPCs into myelinating oligodendrocytes is unclear. To understand the mechanisms underlying oligodendrocyte differentiation, an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-based mutagenesis screen was performed and a zebrafish leo1 mutant, dalmuri (dal(knu6)) was identified in the current study. Leo1 is a component of the evolutionarily conserved RNA polymerase II-associated factor 1 complex (PAF1C), which is a positive regulator of transcription elongation. The dal(knu6) mutant embryos specified motor neurons and OPCs normally, and at the appropriate time, but OPCs subsequently failed to differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes and were eliminated by apoptosis. A loss-of-function study of cdc73, another member of PAF1C, showed the same phenotype in the CNS, indicating that PAF1C function is required for oligodendrocyte differentiation. Interestingly, inhibition of positive transcription elongation factor b (p-TEFb), rescued downregulated gene expression and impaired oligodendrocyte differentiation in the dal(knu6) mutant and Cdc73-deficient embryos. Together, these results indicate that antagonistic regulation of gene expression by PAF1C and p-TEFb plays a crucial role in oligodendrocyte development in the CNS.</P>

Change in Alpha-fetoprotein Levels in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients on Tenofovir Therapy

( Chung Seop Lee ),( Beom Hee Kim ),( Sanghyuk Im ),( Ju Hyun Lee ),( Jung Wha Chung ),( Eun Sun Jang ),( Sook-hyang Jeong ),( Jin-wook Kim ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been widely used as a biomarkerfor hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, AFP levels may elevatein chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who are candidates for oralnucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy. The response of AFP levels totenofovir therapy is largely unknown. The aim of this study was toinvestigate factors related with AFP elevation and effects of tenofoviron AFP changes in CHB patients.Methods: The serial changes in AFP levels were analyzed in a retrospectivecohort of 262 naive CHB patients who received oversix-months of treatment with tenofovir.Results: Among the 262 patients, 71 showed high pre-treatment AFPvalues ( > 10 ng/dl), with mean and SD being 145.7 and 302.6ng/dl, respectively. When baseline parameters were statistically evaluatedin relation to the AFP value, albumin were significantly lower (p < 0.001) and prothrombin time, bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) levels were significantly higher in the high AFP group( p = 0.002, 0.001 and 0.008, respectively). Post-treatment AFP wassignificantly reduced in both the high AFP (mean, 4.1 to 2.9 ng/dl[p < 0.001〕) and low AFP group (mean, 147.6 to 7.0 ng/dl [p <0.001〕). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that normalization of AFP occurredin 62 patients (88.6%) during follow-up, with a mean normalizedtime of 9.1 months. There were 7 patients of newly diagnosedHCC during follow-up. Post-treatment AFP was significantly reduced(mean, 53.7 to 7.0 ng/dl [p < 0.043〕).Conclusions: In candidates for NA therapy, elevated AFP levels areassociated with more advanced stage of CHB. Tenofovir has shownefficacy in reducing AFP levels, even in newly diagnosed HCC patients.

Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea

Chung Youseung,Kim Eun Jin,Kim Hee-Sung,Park Kyung-Hwa,Baek Ji Hyeon,Kim Jungok,Lee Ji Yeon,Lee Chang-Seop,Lim Seungjin,Kim Shin-Woo,Kim Eu Suk,Shi Hye Jin,Hong Shin Hee,Jun Jae-Bum,Hong Kyung-Wook,Ch 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.41

Background: This study aimed to describe the maternal, obstetrical, and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and identify the predictors associated with the severity of COVID-19. Methods: This multicenter observational study included consecutive pregnant women admitted because of COVID-19 confirmed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test at 15 hospitals in the Republic of Korea between January 2020 and December 2021. Results: A total of 257 women with COVID-19 and 62 newborns were included in this study. Most of the patients developed this disease during the third trimester. Nine patients (7.4%) developed pregnancy-related complications. All pregnant women received inpatient treatment, of whom 9 (3.5%) required intensive care, but none of them died. The gestational age at COVID-19 diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 1.096, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.15) and parity (OR, 1.703, 95% CI, 1.13–2.57) were identified as significant risk factors of severe diseases. Among women who delivered, 78.5% underwent cesarean section. Preterm birth (38.5%), premature rupture of membranes (7.7%), and miscarriage (4.6%) occurred, but there was no stillbirth or neonatal death. The RT-PCR test of newborns’ amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood samples was negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Conclusion: At the time of COVID-19 diagnosis, gestational age and parity of pregnant women were the risk factors of disease severity. Vertical transmission of COVID-19 was not observed, and maternal severity did not significantly affect the neonatal prognosis.

Tcf3 function is required for the inhibition of oligodendroglial fate specification in the spinal cord of zebrafish embryos

Kim, Suhyun,Chung, Ah-Young,Kim, Dohyun,Kim, Young-Seop,Kim, Hyung-Seok,Kwon, Hyung-Wook,Huh, Tae-Lin,Park, Hae-Chul Springer-Verlag 2011 Molecules and cells Vol.32 No.4

EGFR Inhibitors Enhanced the Susceptibility to NK Cell-mediated Lysis of Lung Cancer Cells

Kim, Hyunsu,Kim, Sun-Hee,Kim, Mi-Ju,Kim, So-Jung,Park, Soo-Jung,Chung, Joo-Seop,Bae, Jae-Ho,Kang, Chi-Dug Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2011 Journal of immunotherapy Vol.34 No.4

As quercetin, which can inhibit phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, nuclear factor-kappa B, and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways, induced expression of natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligands on cancer cells and made the cells sensitive to NK –cell-mediated killing; inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway might lead to induction of NKG2D ligands. In this study, it was investigated whether EGFR inhibitors, including erlotinib or gefitinib, could regulate expression of NKG2D ligands in various lung cancer cells including A549, NCI-H23, and SW-900. The EGFR inhibitors predominantly increased transcription and surface expression of ULBP1, and subsequently increased susceptibility of the cancer cells to NK-92 cells. When the selective inhibitors of nuclear factor-kappa B, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and PKC were treated to discriminate downstream signaling of EGFR pathway, expression of ULBP1 in the cancer cells was induced by inhibition of PKC. Treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate restored the EGFR inhibitor-induced ULBP1 transcription. Binding activity to ULBP1 promoter region of AP-2α, which suggested as suppressor of expression of ULBP1, was decreased by treatment with EGFR inhibitors, and restored by pretreatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in A549 and SW-900. Rottlerin, a PKC&dgr; inhibitor, also decreased the binding activity of AP-2α in dose-dependent manner. This study suggests that EGFR inhibitors enhanced the susceptibility to NK cell-mediated lysis of lung cancer cells by induction of ULBP1 by inhibition of PKC pathway and therapeutic efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer may be mediated in part by increased susceptibility to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

총수담관 결석을 동반한 담도 회충미입증의 내시경적 치료 1예

정인식,김성훈,김재광,김승준,오기원,정일건,김창섭 대한소화기내시경학회 1993 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.13 No.3

Biliary ascariasis is a rare complication of intestinal ascaris infestation. Retrograde migration of the adult worm through the papilla of Vater causes biliary colic, and may give rise to pancreatic and biliary obstruction, choledocholithiasis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, hemobilia, and if the worm lodges in intrahepatic bile ducts, to liver absceases. In the past, treatment of biliary ascariasis has usually involved the direct removal of ascaris throagh a surgical choledochatomy and subsequent saline lavage of the common duct through an indwelling T tube. Recently, the worm in the bile duct can be seen by ERCP and it can be removed during the endoscopic procedure. A 55-year-old woman with intermittent colicky right upper quadrant abdominal pain was admitted to out hospital. Abdominai sonogram disclosed an echogenic structure within a mildly dilated common bile duct and a high ehogenic structure with acoustic shadowing in the distal common bile duct(CBD), which suggests a CBD stone. ERCP after obtaining the sonogram revealed a thick, long, linear, smooth filling defect in the CBD with a distal CBD stone. A distal CBD stone was removed by sphinctetotomy and lithotripsy, then we directly extracted ascaris with a tripod forcep without any complication.