의열단원 박재혁(朴載赫)의 생애와 부산경찰서 투탄(投彈)

박철규 ( Park Chul-kyu ) 부산광역시 시사편찬위원회 2019 항도부산 Vol.37 No.-

박재혁(朴載赫)은 1895년 5월 17일 범일동 183번지에서 독자로 태어났다. 15세되던 해에 아버지를 여의고 어머니, 여동생과 생활했다. 1911년 3월 22일 부산진사립육영학교를 졸업하고, 1915년 3월 22일 부산공립상업학교를 제4회로 졸업했다. 박재혁은 부산공립상업학교 재학 중에 최천택, 김병태, 박홍규 등과 함께 『동국역사』를 비밀리에 등사하여 배포했다. 3학년 때에는 최천택, 김병태, 박홍규, 오재영 등과 구세단(救世團)을 결성하고, 민족의식을 고취하는 단보를 발행하여 부산과 경상남도 일대에 배포했다. 박재혁은 1917년 6월 부산을 떠나 3년 이상 상해와 싱가포르 등지를 왕래하면서 인삼 등의 무역업에 종사했다. 동시에 동지들과 교류하면서 독립운동에 기여할 방법을 찾고 있었다. 그러던 중 3.1운동을 계기로 독립운동에 대한 신심을 다져 투신하기로 결심했다. 부산경찰서가 타격대상으로 지목된 것은 당시 의열단이 3.1운동 이후 기존의 독립운동노선에 방향전환을 선언하고 조직됐는데, 제1차 국내기관총공격 계획이 1920년 6월에 발각되어 실패하고 관련자 전원이 체포됐다. 이에 의열단에서는 빠른 시간 내에 성과를 거두어 이를 반전시켜야 할 필요성 요구됐기 때문이다. 또한 부산은 일본에서 조선으로 가는 관문이며 전형적인 식민도시로 개발됐으며, 제2의 오사카로 불렸기 때문에 상징성이 컸다. 거사 준비 과정에서 박재혁은 부산경찰서장 하시모토(橋本秀平)가 고서적을 좋아한다는 정보를 입수하고, 무역업을 하던 경험을 살려 중국 고서 상인으로 위장했다. 1920년 9월 14일 오후 2시 30분 경 부산경찰서에 들어가 공무가 있는 것처럼 가장하고, 하시모토 서장의 오른쪽 가까이 접근하자, 서장이 집무를 멈추고 그쪽으로 몸을 돌리려는 찰나, 자신이 의열단임을 밝히고 투탄했다. 당시 하시모토 서장은 경상을 입었다. 박재혁도 부상을 입어 탈출하지 못하고 현장에서 체포됐다. 박재혁은 부산지법의 1심부터 1921년 3월 31일 진행된 경성고법의 3심까지 일관되게 ‘살인미수죄’가 적용됐다. 박재혁은 부산지방법원에서 무기징역을 선고받았다. 그러나 검사의 공소로 대구복심법원에서 진행된 재판에서는 원심이 파기되고 박재혁은 사형을 선고받았다. 결국 박재혁은 1921년 3월 31일 3심인 경성 고등법원에서 사형이 확정됐다. 박재혁은 체포된 후 고문과 폭탄 투척 당시의 상처로 고통을 겪는 와중에 폐병까지 얻게 되었지만 기개는 꺾이지 않았다. 1921년 5월 11일 오전 11시 20분에 대구 감옥에서 사망했다. Jae-hyuk Park was born as the only son in 183 Beomil-dong on May 17, 1895. At the age of 15, his father passed away and he lived with his mother and sister. On March 22, 1911, he graduated from Busanjin Primary School, and on March 22, 1915, he was the fourth graduate of Busan Public Commercial School. While attending Busan Public Commercial School, Jae-hyuk Park secretly reproduced and distributed 『Dongguk History』 with Cheon-taek Choi, Byeong-tae Kim and Hong-gyu Park. In his third grade, he formed Gusedan(救世團) with Cheon-taek Choi, Byeong-tae Kim, Hong-gyu Park, and Jae-young Oh, and issued a noticed to promote national identity in Busan and the whole region of Gyeongsangnam-do Province. Jae-hyuk Park left Busan in June 1917 to Shanghai and Singapore for more than three years to work in the trade industry. At the same time, he was seeking ways to contribute to the independence movement while interacting with his companions. He then decided to devote himself to the independence movement after the March 1 Independence Movement. Busan Police Station was targeted as the attack after the March 1 Independence Movement when Euiyeoldan had been organized by declaring the change of direction to the existing independence movement, and it was when everyone involved was arrested upon failure of the first national full-scale attack plan in June 1920. As a result, Euiyeoldan needed to achieve results and reverse the situation in a short time. Busan was also a gateway from Japan to Joseon and was developed as the typical colonial city, and had its symbolism as it was called as the second Osaka. In preparation for the rebellion, Jae-hyuk Park obtained information that Hashimoto, the Busan police chief, liked ancient books and disguised himself as the Chinese ancient book dealer by taking advantage of his experience in trade business. At about 2:30p.m. on September 14, 1920, he entered the Busan Police Station pretending to be on duty, approached chief Hashimoto from the right side and threw a bomb after declaring himself as a member of Euiyeoldan when the chief turned his body towards him. At that time, chief Hashimoto was slightly injured. Jae-hyuk Park was arrested at the scene after failing to escape due to his injury. Jae-hyuk Park was consistently charged with 'attempted murder' from the first trial of the Busan District Court to the third trial of the Gyeongseong High Court on March 31, 1921. Jae-hyuk Park was sentenced to life imprisonment at the Busan District Court. However, the appeal by the prosecution annulled the original decision at the trial at the Daegu High Court, and Jae-hyuk Park was sentenced to death. Eventually, Jae-hyuk Park was sentenced to death as his final judgment on March 31, 1921 after the third trial of the Gyeongseong High Court. Jae-hyuk Park suffered from lung diseases due to tortures after arrest and injuries from the bomb, but his spirit was never thwarted. He died in Daegu prison at 11:20a.m. on May 11, 1921 before the execution.

도시공원의 이용후 평가에 기초한 공원의 개발지표 설정 : 부산광역시 암남공원을 사례로 Case Study of Amnam Park in Busan City

박승범,김승환,남정칠,강영조,이기철,김석규 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 硏究報告 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prime factors that affect to user postoccupancy evaluation of activities and facilities in urban parks, to classify those factors, to find out factors about them, and then to suggest important indicators in the urban park planning, design, and development. The survey research was done using the self-administered questionnaire method by 435 peoples in the Busan City who participated in recreational activities in the Amnam Park. The Analysis of the data primarily consists of two phase: The first analysis was dealt an exploratory factor analysis which identified major factors involved in user postoccupancy evaluation with reacreational activities and facilities in Amnam Park by the SPSS(Ver.6.0) program and the second analysis was used to investigate the factors affected to user postoccupancy evaluation in the urban park by the Regression Analysis. According to the factor analysis, user postoccupancy evaluation of facilities in urban parks concerning the 20 variables, 5 prime factors by the staistical values were considered. The factor analysis showed that user postoccupancy evaluation of activities in urban parks concerning the 11 variables, 3 prime factors by the staistical values were analysed. Postoccupancy evaluation in the urban park by the Regression Analysis suggested that the two varlables as 'the directions of park development' and 'companies with the personal specific characteristics' are significant in addition to the some variables presented in user postoccupancy evaluation with reacreational activities and facilities in Amnam Park by the factor analysis. Furthomore the analysis models were identified as having significant effects on the factor and regression analysis. Overall fits of both models were very good. These significant relationships indicate important factors and variables that should be considered in planning, design, and development of the urban parks. Therefore, development direction of the h a m park has to be analyzed as significant factors concerning user postoccupancy evaluation in a systematic way, recognized as important variables for planning process. The urban park has to be fully designed and established in the planning process not by the decision-maker's subjective evaluation but by user postoccupancy evaluation.

유도전동기의 고정자 권선고장 진단을 위한 팍스벡터 패턴의 왜곡률 연산에 대한 연구

양철오(Chul-Oh Yang),박규남(Kyu-Nam Park),송명현(Myung-Hyun Song) 대한전기학회 2012 전기학회논문지 Vol.61 No.4

The diagnosis technique of stator winding faults based on Motor Current Signature Analysis(MCSA) was suggested. Park"s vector pattern, the circle that is drawn by d-q transformed currents(i_d, i_q), is widely used for stator winding faults detection. The current Distortion Ratio(DR), defined by the ratio of max?axis and min?axis of ellipse of Park"s vector"s pattern, was more simple and powerful method than the Park’s vector pattern. In this study, a calculation method of distortion ratio of Park"s vector pattern was suggested for auto diagnosis of stator winding short fault and usefulness of suggested calculation method of distortion ratio was verified through simulation using LabVIEW program.

Park's 벡터 패턴의 왜곡률을 이용한 고정자 권선 고장 자동진단

宋明現(Myung-Hyun Song),朴奎南(Kyu-Nam Park),韓東奇(Dong-Gi Han),梁哲午(Chul-Oh Yang) 대한전기학회 2008 전기학회논문지 P Vol.57 No.2

In this paper, an auto-diagnosis method of the stator winding fault for small induction motor is suggested. 3-phase stator currents are sampled, filtered, and transformed with Park's vector transformation. After then Park's vector patterns are obtained. To detect the stator winding fault automatically, a distortion ratio is newly defined and compared with the one of healthy motor, and the threshold levels of distortion ratio are suggested. The 2-turn, 4-tum, 8-turn winding fault are tested with no load, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% rated load. The distortion ratio of the Park's vector patterns are increased as the increase of the faulted turns. but are same as the increase of the load.

흉선종 제거후에 발생한 재생 불량성 빈혈 : 증례보고

전원선,이상철,김현정,배상병,김찬규,이남수,박노진,이규택,박성규,홍대식,박희숙,원종호 순천향의학연구소 2007 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.13 No.2

Thymoma is associated with myasthenia gravis, Pure red cell aplasia, and autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, and hypogammaglobulinemia. It's association with aplastic anemia is rare and aplastic anemia appearing after surgical removal of thymoma is especially rare. The authors hereby report a case of aplastic anemia occuring in a patient who was diagnosed with thymoma and myasthenia gravis and had the tumor surgically removed. The patient was treated with anti-thymocyte globulin, cyclosporin, and prednisolone, and showed partial remission with hematologic improvements after 12 months.

운동선수의 임장불안에 대한 연구

홍관이,이광재,김두경,부기원,노성규,한상준,박기동,오수일,문병용,이철규,박장평,엄기진,박남환 江原大學校附設 體育科學硏究所 1984 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.9

This study is designed to grasp the elements and situations of stage fright in order to propose a part of ways to cope with it. We make 511 top-class high school players, male and female, in the central districts (Seoul, Inchon, Kyungki, Chungbuk, and Kangweon Province) on object of questionnaire, and get the following results. Through players generally have all-round characters they show weakness in the superiority and emotional stability while showing strength in the sonformity. This fact comes to be related to the elements which cause stage fright. Physiological changes also have many effects on the symptom of stage fright. Especially, stage fright increases when players show sensitive reaction to the self-consciousness of final consequence which comes from the tension or uneasiness of sympathetic nerve, Thus, it turns out that players make use of reducing psychological burden by physical exercise or adjusting the level of demanded result in order to release the stage fright.

琴湖江底質中에 含有된 銅의 汚染經路

朴永圭,李哲熙,魯明英 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1987 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.2

The study was carried out on the pathway and the trend of copper pollution of sediments in the Kumho River. It was difficult to establish the actual copper pollution level of sediment only with a data on copper contents sediment because measured values of copper fluctuated intensely even in an identical sampling station. Then the trianglar coordinate chart method was applied to compare the pictures of copper pollution among different sampling stations with several items (Cd, Cr, Zn, Pb, Mn and Fe) of the measurement. It was useful for the selection of metals in trianglar coordinate chart to check the probable distribution of metal concentration in sediments. The combination of copper, cadimum and manganese was appeared to be most excellant among fifteen combination of metals in trianglar coordinate charts for the investigation of copper pollution. The plot in the Cu-Cd-Mn trianglar coordinate chars successfully account for the pathway of copper pollution of sediments.

사회문제 해결을 위한 지식의 역할

박현숙,진규철 대구산업정보대학 1995 논문집 Vol.9 No.1

The arguments on the social problem can be depending on whether value judgements. And the social problems posed in the depending on the theoretical perspectives to the society. Traditionally, knowledge as a social institution has its major function in solving on the social problems. knowledge does not consist of fragmentary propositions, but rather a coherent system of ideas, beliefs, and judgements. Knowledge as a system is what human beings, i. e., rational beings have achieved through our history of persistent efforts to understand the world rationally. Not only the knowledge is desired normatively because it must be inquired freely without internal control and constraints, but also its rational nature provides education with the factual ground. Education develops rationality by teaching such knowledge and the development of rationality builds, in its turn, the basis of the social problem solving. We have to get rightly through over the liberalism and the communitarianism in knowledge as well as for the kinds of justification appropriate to the social problem solving.

영역 분리 및 합성법을 이용한 영상 분할에 관한 연구

박규태,최원호,강현철 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1985 논문집 Vol.17 No.2

This study describes an image segmentation method using a region split-and-merge algorithm. An input image has the resolution of 128 by 128 with 256 grey levels. The algorithm consists of initial segmentation using quad tree structure, region merging, region splitting. formation of region adjacency graph, and small region elimination. These are carried out one after another. Using the concept of MILP(Mapping In the Larger Picture), different threshold values are applied to analyze the characteristics of the algorithm. Edges and vertexes are extracted as the results of image segmentation process. Region adjacency matrix, boundary list and vertex list are obtained from the algorithm. The images of polygonal objects used in this study are obtained by a CCTV camera and a digitizer. Program is written in the 8088 assembly language on an IBM personal computer.

다양한 표피 종양에서 Matrix Metalloproteinase-2와 Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 발현에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

박홍표,최규철,정병수 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 2002 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.27 No.1

Background and Objectives: Degradation of basement membranes and extracelluar matrix is a essential step in tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis formation. Two types of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9 are active in the digestion of type Ⅳ collagen, the main constituent of the basement membrane. Based on this background, we investigated the expression patterns of Type Ⅳ collagenase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in squamous cell carcinoma, adenoid (acantholytic) squamous cell carcimoma, and its precancerous conditions, actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease by immunohistochemical technique. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from 5 actinic keratosis, 5 Bowen's diseases, 5 adenoid squamous cell carcinoma, and 5 squamous cell carcinoma were immunolabelled with monoclonal antibodies directed against MMP-2 and MMP-9. Result: For MMP-2, actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease, adenoid squamous cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma was expressed to relative low level in tumor cells. Bowen's disease showed a negative staining for MMP-9, but in microinvasive area of actinic keratosis and adenoid lining cells of adenoid squamous cell carcinoma was a positive staining or MMP-9. In Bowen's disease, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenoid squamous cell carcinoma, dyskeratotic cells and acantholytic cells were stained for MMP-2 but for MMP-9, only in adenoid squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: This finding suggested that MMP-9 may be related to tumor invasion to surrounding stroma and that MMP-2 and MMP-9 may be involves in the apoptotic process of the tumor cells.