http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.
Computer Graphics에 의한 3성분계 Wilson, NRTL 및 UNIQUAC 방식을 이용한 VLE 추정방식의 비교
신형섭,박종철 慶熙大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.17 No.-
The purpose of this study is to estimate VLE by means of the Wilson, NRTL, UNIQUAC equations and to compare with these three methods for two ternary systems: ethanol-benzene-cyclohexane, cyclohexanone-cyclohexanol-phenol, by the computer graphic technology. The temperatures and compositions of two systems were estimated by means of three TPTT equations. Isothermal lines of these two ternary systems were graphically illustrated from these estimated values and the reported experimental values. As a result of the analysis of the parameters and computer graphics, these parameter pairs changing with respect to the temperature and composition of the solutions. From the result of plotting the parameter pairs, A_12, vs, A_21, a locus contour between two parameters is observed, therefore numerous number of roots to satisfy these TPTT equations are found. These phenomena is nearly identical with the previously reported results that there are some correlation between these parameter pairs.
조선,류소연,박종,강명근,김은숙,김형철,박광희,윤혜은,노희송 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.2
Objectives: This study was performed to find the association of cigarette smoking and blood lipid profiles in healthy young adults. Methods: The data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire and health examination in 489 professional soldiers from 6 to 12 May, 2004. The status of cigarette smoking was classified by non-smoking, ex-smoked, ≤4.9, 5-9.9, and ≥10 pack-years. The statistical analysis were used by chi-square test, analysis of variance and analysis of covariates. Results: In status of subjects cigarette smoking, current smoking, ex-smoked, and non-smoking were 71.8%, 11.2%, and 17.0%, respectively, In distribution by amount of smoking, non-smoking, ex-smoked, ≤4.9 pack-years, 5-9.9 pack-years, and ≥10 pack-years were 17.0%, 11.2%, 37.4%, 21.3%, and 13.1%, respectively. At other confounding variables were controlled, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were increased significantly when amount of smoking was increased. However, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol did not showed statistically significant differences, Conclusion: Smoking has relevant to total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and it is need to perform the further study for finding how blood lipid profiles are affected its level by cigarette smoking and to find an influence of cigarette smoking on cardiovascular disease.
Park, Sung-Chul,Kim, Sun Ha,Park, Seyeon,Lee, Hyeong-Un,Lee, Joon Seol,Park, Woo Sung,Ahn, Mi-Jeong,Kim, Yun-Hee,Jeong, Jae Cheol,Lee, Haeng-Soon,Kwak, Sang-Soo Elsevier 2015 Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Sweetpotato [<I>Ipomoea batatas</I> (L.) Lam] is an important root crop that produces low molecular weight antioxidants such as carotenoids and anthocyanin. The sweetpotato orange (IbOr) protein is involved in the accumulation of carotenoids. To increase the levels of carotenoids in the storage roots of sweetpotato, we generated transgenic sweetpotato plants overexpressing <I>IbOr-Ins</I> under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (<I>CaMV) 35S</I> promoter in an anthocyanin-rich purple-fleshed cultivar (referred to as <I>IbOr</I> plants). <I>IbOr</I> plants exhibited increased carotenoid levels (up to 7-fold) in their storage roots compared to wild type (WT) plants, as revealed by HPLC analysis. The carotenoid contents of <I>IbOr</I> plants were positively correlated with <I>IbOr</I> transcript levels. The levels of zeaxanthin were ∼12 times elevated in <I>IbOr</I> plants, whereas β-carotene increased ∼1.75 times higher than those of WT. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that most carotenoid biosynthetic pathway genes were up-regulated in the <I>IbOr</I> plants, including <I>PDS</I>, <I>ZDS</I>, <I>LCY-β</I>, <I>CHY-β</I>, <I>ZEP</I> and <I>Pftf</I>, whereas <I>LCY-ɛ</I> was down-regulated. Interestingly, <I>CCD1</I>, <I>CCD4</I> and <I>NCED,</I> which are related to the degradation of carotenoids, were also up-regulated in the <I>IbOr</I> plants. Anthocyanin contents and transcription levels of associated biosynthetic genes seemed to be altered in the <I>IbOr</I> plants. The yields of storage roots and aerial parts of <I>IbOr</I> plants and WT plants were not significantly different under field cultivation. Taken together, these results indicate that overexpression of <I>IbOr-Ins</I> can increase the carotenoid contents of sweetpotato storage roots.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>IbOr-Ins</I> gene was transferred into purple-fleshed sweetpotato. </LI> <LI> Overexpression of <I>IbOr-Ins</I> increased carotenoid contents in storage roots. </LI> <LI> Most carotenoid biosynthetic pathway genes were up-regulated in transgenic plants. </LI> <LI> <I>CCD</I> genes were differentially induced in <I>IbOr</I> transgenic plants. </LI> </UL> </P>