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A guide to studying human hair follicle cycling <i>in vivo</i>
Oh, Ji Won,Kloepper, Jennifer,Langan, Ewan A.,Kim, Yongsoo,Yeo, Joongyeub,Kim, Min Ji,Hsi, Tsai-Ching,Rose, Christian,Yoon, Ghil Suk,Lee, Seok-Jong,Seykora, John,Kim, Jung Chul,Sung, Young Kwan,Kim, M Nature Publishing Group 2016 The Journal of investigative dermatology Vol.136 No.1
<P>Hair follicles (HFs) undergo life-long cyclical transformations, progressing through stages of rapid growth (anagen), regression (catagen), and relative “quiescence” (telogen). Since HF cycling abnormalities underlie many human hair growth disorders, the accurate classification of individual cycle stages within skin biopsies is clinically important and essential for hair research. For preclinical human hair research purposes, human scalp skin can be xenografted onto immunocompromised mice to study human HF cycling and manipulate long-lasting anagen <I>in vivo</I>. While available for mice, a comprehensive guide on how to recognize different human hair cycle stages <I>in vivo</I> is lacking. Here, we present such a guide, which uses objective, well-defined, and reproducible criteria and integrates simple morphological indicators with advanced, (immuno)-histochemical markers. This guide also characterizes human HF cycling in xenografts and highlights the utility of this model for <I>in vivo</I> hair research. Detailed schematic drawings and representative micrographs provide examples of how best to identify human HF stages, even in sub-optimally sectioned tissue, and practical recommendations are given for designing human-on-mouse hair cycle experiments. Thus, this guide seeks to offer a benchmark for human hair cycle stage classification, for both hair research experts and newcomers to the field.</P>
Kim, Sung-Moon,Jang, Sang-Ho,Son, Na-Rae,Han, Ching-Tack,Min, Kwan-Sik,Lee, Hak-Kyo,Hwang, Sue-Yun The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2012 Animal cells and systems Vol.16 No.4
Targeted degradation of proteins through ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis is an important control mechanism in various cellular processes. The process of ubiquitin conjugation is achieved by three enzyme complexes, among which the ubiquitin ligase complex (E3) is in charge of substrate specificity. The SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box) family portrays the largest and the most characterized member of the E3 ligases. For each SCF complex, the ubiquitination target is recognized by the F-box protein subunit, which interacts with the substrate through a unique C-terminal domain. We have characterized a novel F-box protein CFL-1 that represents a single LRR-type F-box (FBXL) in the Caenorhabditis elegans genome. CFL-1 is highly homologous to FBXL20 and FBXL2 of mammals, which are known to regulate synaptic vesicle release and cell cycle, respectively. A green fluorescence protein (GFP)-reporter gene fused to the cfl-1 promoter showed restricted expression around the amphid and the anus. Modulation of CFL-1 activity by RNAi affected the time interval between defecations. RNAi-treated worms also exhibited reduced tendency to form dauer when exposed to daumone. The potential involvement of CFL-1 in the control of defecation and pheromone response adds to the ever expanding list of cellular processes controlled by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in C. elegans. We suggest that CFL-1, as a single LRR-type F-box protein in C. elegans, may portray a prototype gene exerting diverse functions that are allocated among multiple FBXLs in higher organisms.
Lai, Ching-Lung,Ahn, Sang Hoon,Lee, Kwan Sik,Um, Soon Ho,Cho, Mong,Yoon, Seung Kew,Lee, Jin-Woo,Park, Neung Hwa,Kweon, Young-Oh,Sohn, Joo Hyun,Lee, Jiyoon,Kim, Jeong-Ae,Han, Kwang-Hyub,Yuen, Man-Fung BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2014 Gut Vol.63 No.6
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Besifovir (LB80380) is an acyclic nucleotide phosphonate effective in hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA suppression for both treatment-naive and lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in preliminary studies.</P><P><B>Design</B></P><P>We aimed to compare the safety and antiviral activity of two doses of besifovir (90 mg and 150 mg daily) with entecavir 0.5 mg daily in CHB patients. 114 patients were randomised to receive besifovir 90 mg daily (n=36), besifovir 150 mg daily (n=39) or entecavir 0.5 mg daily (n=39). HBV DNA and liver biochemistry, including serum L-carnitine levels, were monitored.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>At week 48, in the intention-to-treat population, the proportion of patients achieving undetectable HBV DNA (<20 IU/mL) were 63.6%, 62.9% and 58.3%, respectively (p>0.05). The serum mean log<SUB>10</SUB> HBV DNA changes from baseline for the HBeAg-positive patients were −5.84, −5.91 and −6.18, respectively; and for the HBeAg-negative patients were −4.65, −4.55 and −4.67, respectively (p>0.05). There were no differences in the proportions of patients achieving normalisation of alanine aminotransferase (91.7%, 76.9%, 89.7%, respectively) and HBeAg seroconversion (11.11%, 15%, 9.52%, respectively) among all three groups. None of the patients had resistant mutations or increase in serum creatinine of >0.5 mg/dL from baseline. 64 (94.1%) patients on besifovir had lowering of serum L-carnitine (not tested in entecavir patients). L-carnitine levels returned to normal with carnitine supplement.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>At 48 weeks, 90 mg and 150 mg daily of besifovir were non-inferior to entecavir 0.5 mg daily in treatment-naive CHB patients. The only significant side effect of besifovir was L-carnitine depletion, requiring carnitine supplementation.</P>
오행화침법(五行和針法)을 응용한 마목(麻木)환자 치험 2례
공현우 ( Hyun Woo Kong ),김주원 ( Ju Won Kim ),신현권 ( Hyun Kwan Shin ),곡경내 ( Ching Nai Chu ),김효주 ( Hyo Ju Kim ),박세진 ( Se Jin Park ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2006 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.17 No.2
Symptoms of Psychosomatic disease are various. Mamok(麻木), one of that symptoms, is a kind of sensory disorder and similar to numbness but more complicated. In this report, we described two men diagnosed as psychosomatic disease and undifferentiated somatoform disorder. One complained Mamok of his tongue and the other complained it of his right arm and leg. And both of their symptoms were disappeared quickly after treated by Hwa-acupuncture.