Impacts and Countermeasures of Climate Change on Food Supply

Kim Chang-gil,Jeong Hak-kyun,Han Suk-ho,Kim Jeong-seung,Moon Dong-hyun 한국농촌경제연구원 2013 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

Climate change has become a megatrend that will lead to significant changes in future society. Korean and overseas agencies specializing in climate forecasts predict that average global temperatures will continue to rise. While climate change may potentially have certain positive impacts for crop yields, the overall impact is predicted to be negative for environment and food security. In this context, our study aims to suggest a plan for systematically establishing a stable food supply system in Korea in respose to climate change. Various analytical models were employed, including: a response analysis based on questionnaire for farmers, panel-based analysis of the causes of pests and diseases in rice production, a random-effects model for panel data of extreme weather impact, and an analysis of food supply effects using the Simulation Model for Climate-Agriculture Relations (SIMCAR) integrated model in conjunction with the Crop Estimation through Resource and Environment Synthesis (CERES) model of the Korea Agricultural Simulation Model (KASMO). An analysis was made of major grain yields by means of the KREI-KASMO. This revealed reduced yields and area in comparison with the baseline in 2050, resulting in a reduction of rice production by 17.8%p in the RCP8.5 scenario, and reduction of soybean by 21.2%p and reduction of barley by 13.7%p in the A2 scenario. Self-sufficiency ratio of major grains in 2050 drawn from the SIMCAR revealed that the climate change scenario for rice showed 55.0% to be reduced by 18.3% in comparison with the baseline. It is predicted that selfsufficiency ratio in rice will drop to 50% which means a half of consumed rice should be imported. Key tasks for building a stable food supply system to cope with climate change were developed based on the domestic production capacity, the buffering capacity to climate change, import capacity from other countries, and policy performance capacity with reference to the empirical analysis. First, the suggested key tasks for improving the domestic production capacity include developing and disseminating adaptation technology, conserving farmland and expanding arable land, practicing climate-smart agriculture by using fusion technology, and modernizing infrastructure for agriculture. Second, key tasks for improving buffering capacity to climate change are improving resilience and biodiversity, building a risk management system, and further improving storage of food in Korea and other countries. Third, major tasks for improving the import capacity from other countries are constructing overseas food bases, effectively using the international grain market, and enhancing international cooperation with relevant countries. Finally, key tasks for improving policy performance capacity are refining and applying the climate change impact analysis model with respect to policies, expanding investments in research and development, building a vulnerability assessment system, enhancing education and training, and installing Climate Change Response Center for Agriculture (tentative). In this study, several key challenges were presented in the four different areas related to building a stable food supply system which can help overcome the challenges of climate change. It is expected that the nature of the policies that need to be prioritized and promoted, given the constraints of budget, organization and information will be addressed in future research. Also, in order for the solutions for key challenges to work properly in the field such that policy outcomes will be maximized, a consortium of research bodies in the related fields of agriculture, agricultural meteorology and agricultural economics should be created. As preparation for specific action programs. Furthermore, follow-up studies should be conducted to verify the expenses required for developing reliable climate change impact assessment models and the effectiveness of the enforced policies. Such fie

사상 : 농암 김창협의 학문 수용과 지각론

김영훈 ( Young Hoon Kim ),전선숙 ( Sun Suk Jeon ),신창호 ( Chang Ho Shin ) 영산대학교 동양문화연구원 2012 동양문화연구 Vol.11 No.-

본 연구는 조선시대 유학자인 농암(農巖) 김창협(金昌協, 1651-1708)의 학문 수용 과정을 지각론을 중심으로 살펴본 것이다. 김창협은 율곡학파 계열의 학자이지만 퇴계 이황의 학설에 호감을 갖고 이를 긍정하여 자신의 학파와 절충하는 독특한 사상을 전개하였다. 율곡 이이의 사단칠정론에 대해 반대한 것은 아니지만 비판적 입장을 취하면서, 리발(理發)을 중심으로 하는 퇴계 이황의 이론을 수용하였다. 그것은 호락논쟁으로 이어지면서 김창협의 학문적 성숙을 유도하였고, 마침내 지각설이라는 이론 체계로 드러났다. 그의 지각론은 첫째, 성(性)은 성즉리(性卽理)의 입장에서 파악해야 하고 지(智) 또는 리(理)를 중심으로 해석해야 한다는 것, 둘째, 지(智)는 분별의 리(理)로 해석하는 것이 옳고, ‘밝게 비춘다’라는 구절의 해석에서 기미와 색상은 자연스럽게 드러난다는 점, 셋째, 지(智)는 사물의 시비득실(是非得失)의 차별을 구별하고 판단하는 기준이 된다는 점 등이 강조되었다. 다시 말하면, 인간은 사물을 접하게 마련이고, 심(心)의 지각은 이를 감각 기관을 통하여 받으며, 지각을 통해 받아들인 것은 인의예지신(仁義禮智信)의 성(性)에 의해 정해지고, 인간은 자신의 행동을 결정하며, 지는 인간의 내부에서 구체적인 정(情)의 작용인 측은지심, 수오지심, 사양지심, 시비지심의 모습으로 나타난다는 것이다. 이러한 인식은 인간을 주체이고 능동적 역할을 하는 존재로 부각시키는 사상적 근거가 된다. This research aimed to review the process regarding acceptance of studies about Nongam Kim Chang-Hyeop who was a confucian of Joseon Dynasty with the theory of intelligence and perception as the central figure. Being the scholar of Yulgok school, Kim Chang-Hyeop was interested in Toegye Lee Hwang`s theory, agreed with it, made a compromise with his school, and developed his unique thought. Although he did not object to Yulgok Lee Yi`s Sa Dan Chil Jeong Non(四端七情論, it is a theory regarding Sa Dan which are perfect virtue, righteousness, courtesy, and perception according to the theory of Mencius. and Chil Jeong which are pleasure, anger, sadness, joy, love, hate, and avariciousness), he took a critical attitude regarding it and accepted Lee Hwang`s theory with Li Bal(理發, appearing principle law) as the central figure. It was followed by Ho Rak Non Jaeng(湖洛論爭, it is an argument regarding whether human nature and thing`s nature are same or not), led the maturity of Kim Chang-Hyeop`s study, and finally appeared with the theoretical system of intelligence and perception. His theory of intelligence and perception emphasized that first, nature is perceived by "nature is principle law" and interpreted by intelligence or principle law. Second, it is right that intelligence is interpreted by principle law of discernment and smell, taste, and color naturally appear with interpretation of "shine brightly on." Third, intelligence is the criterion of discernment and judgement regarding differentiation of Si Bi Deuk Sil(是非得失, right, wrong, obtaining, and losing) about things. In other words, a person always faces any things, intelligence and perception of mind is arranged through sense organ, things accepted through intelligence and perception are determined by the nature of In Ui Ye Ji Sin(仁義禮智信, perfect virtue, righteousness, courtesy, intelligence, and trust), people determine their action, intelligence appears with the working of feeling which are Cheuk Eun Ji Sim, So O Ji Sim, Sa Yang Ji Sim, and Si Bi Si Sim. This perception becomes a foundation of thought which emphasizes human beings as a active role and a subject.

울형성 심부전증에서 심혈관계 보상기전의 지표로서 저나트륨혈증의 의의에 관한 연구

김경환,김미경,이우형,홍사석,신길자,장일중 대한내과학회 1986 대한내과학회지 Vol.31 No.3

In patient with congestive heart failure, it is well known that the sympatho-adrenal system and the renin angiotensin system are activated to compensate for the reduction of cardiac output and the redistribution of blood flow. Although Lilly, et al. (1984) and Francis, et al. (1985) have insisted that the induction of these circulatory compensation mechanism by pastura1 changes is closely related to the concentration of plama sodium in congestive heart failure, it is still controversial. Thus, in an effort to clarify this hypothesis, present study was designed to determine the relationship between the existing sodium concentration in plasma and the changes of the plasma catecholamine concentration and renin activity during postural alterations in patients with congestive heart fai1ure and normal subjects. Ten patients with congestive heart failure who had been admitted to the Ewha Womans University Hospital from May, 1985 to July, 1985 and five normal volunteers were chosen. Patients with more than one year history of congestive heart failure belonging to class 3 or 4 as the criteria set by the New York Heart Association have been selected for this study. Among these ten patients, 5(3 males and 2 females) had low plasma sodium concentration(below 135mEq/l) and 5(3 males and 2 females) had normal plasma sodium concentration(above 135mEq/l). The observed results are as follows: 1) In the normal subjects, the observed plasma renin activity was 1,2±0.4ng/ml/hr and the concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine were 177.5±27 and 150.0±8pg/ml, respectively, at supine position. However, these values were increased by about 2 times by changing to upright position. 2) In patients with hyponatremic congestive heart failure, the values of plasma renin activity and catecholamine levels were significantly higher than those patients having normonatremia. 3) The increase in the plasma renin activity and catecholamin levels induced by upright position were minimal in patients with congestive heart failure having normonatremia. 4) However, in patients with hyponatremic congestive heart failure, the plasma renin activity and the levels of plasma catecholamines were not altered, or rather decreased, by the same postural changes. Based on the results, the levels of plasma sodium concentration in patients with congestive heart failure could provide an index for the induction of circulatory compensation mechaniams and may have important significance in determining the severity and prognosis of the disease. Particularly in the congestive heart failure patients with hyponatremia, as the circulatory compensation mechanism appear to be operating at maximum already, they would not be able to utilize the reflex compensation mechanism inducible with the changes of body position.

평활근 증식과 점액성 기질 변화를 보인 사구맥관근종 1 예

김창덕(Chang Duk Kim),박재홍(Jae Hong Park),류영욱(Young Wook Ryoo),김병천(Byung Chun Kim),이규석(Kyu Suk Lee) 대한피부과학회 2001 대한피부과학회지 Vol.39 No.10

Glomus tumors are benign neoplasms that are derived from modified smooth muscle cells known as glomus cells. Histologically, it can be subdivided as glomus tumor proper, glomangioma, and glomangiomyoma according to relative proportions of components. Glomangiomyomas are the least frequent type and their overall architectural pattern may resemble glomus tumor proper or glomangioma, but there is a gradual transition from glomus cells to elongated mature smooth muscle cells. This transition is most obvious in the region surrounding large vessels. We present a case of glomangiomyoma of the left upper arm and the left fourth finger, in which ten-year history of two painful, bluish-colored subcutaneous nodules. On histologic examination, this case showed marked smooth muscle cell proliferation around large vessles and mucinous stromal change. (Korean J Dermatol 2001;39(10) 1147-1151)

Numerical analysis of flow and bed change at a confluence of the Namhan River and the Seom River using a two-dimensional model

Park Moonhyung,Kim Hyung Suk,Baek Chang Hyun 한국수자원학회 2018 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.51 No.12

본 연구에서는 4대강 살리기 사업 후 퇴적현상이 지배적으로 발생하는 남한강과 섬강 합류부 구간을 대상으로 2차원 수치모형인 CCHE2D 모형을 이용하여 하천의 흐름 및 하상변동에 대한 해석을 수행하였다. 대상지점 합류부는 남한강 본류의 만곡부에 지류 섬강이 유입되는 특성을 갖는다. CCHE2D 모형은 비평형 유사이송을 해석하며 소류사와 부유사 조정거리가 중요한 입력변수로 대상지점에서는 소류사 조정거리가 하상변동에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 수치모의 결과 유량비(Qr) 변화가 남한강과 섬강 합류부 지점에서 흐름 및 하상변동에 영향을 미쳤으며, Qr≤ 2.5인 경우에는 합류전 본류의 유속이 증가하여 흐름박리구역을 감소시켰으며 이로 인해 합류부 내측의 퇴적이 감소하였다. Qr>2.5이면 합류부 구간에 퇴적이 증가하여 사주가 형성될 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 수치모의를 통해 2013년에 발생한 유량비 변화에 의해 합류부에 고정사 주가 형성된 것을 알 수 있었다. The flow and bed change were analyzed using the CCHE2D model, which is a two-dimensional numerical model, at a confluence of the Namhan River and Seom River where deposition occurs predominantly after the “Four Major Rivers Restoration Project.” The characteristic of the junction is that the tributary of Seom River joined into the curved channel of the main reach of the Namhan River. The CCHE2D model analyzes the non-equilibrium sediment transport, and the adaptation lengths for the bed load and suspended load are important variables in the model. At the target area, the adaptation length for the bed load showed the greatest influence on the river bed change. Numerical simulation results demonstrated that the discharge ratio (Qr) change affected the flow and bed change in the Namhan River and Seom river junction. When Qr ≤2.5, the flow velocity of the main reach increased before confluence, thereby reducing the flow separation zone and decreasing the deposition inside the junction. When Qr>2.5, there was a high possibility that deposition would be increased, thereby forming sand bar. Numerical simulation showed that a fixed sand bar has been formed at the junction due to the change of discharge ratio, which occurred in 2013.

Poster Session : PS 1239 ; Pulmonology : Azathioprine Induced Cholestatic Hepatitis in Patient with Boop

( Hyung Woo Kim ),( Joo Han Song ),( Kyung Soo Chung ),( Song Yee Kim ),( Eun Young Kim ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Young Ae Kang ),( Young Sam Kim ),( Se Kyu Kim ),( Joon Chang ),( Moo Suk Park ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Azathioprine is widely used as an immunosuppressive drug in infiammatory bowel disease, many autoimmune disease and after organ transplantation to avoid rejection. Azathioprine has adverse reactions like hepatotoxicity. We report a case of azathioprine induced cholestatic hepatitis in patient with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia(BOOP). A-37-year old woman was admitted because of pruritus and jaundice. She took transbronchial lung biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage for cough, dyspnea and GGO patterns on chest computed tomography(CT) scan before she admitted. And it was revealed that she had BOOP. So she had been followed and treated for BOOP with prednisolone from 23th Nov 2012 and azathioprine from 8th Jan 2013. 42 days after taking Azathioprine, routine blood test was taken. Serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase(ALP), aspartate transaminase(AST), and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) was elevated(Bilirubin 4.4mg/dL, AST 75IU/L, ALT 104IU/L) and. Other laboratory test, including prothrombin time, serum albumin, and serum protein were within normal range. There was no history of alcohol abuse or herbal medication intake at this period. To exclude other reasons for hepatotoxicity, serological test was performed. The patient tested to negative for Hepatitis A, B, and C as well as for other markers of autoimmune hepatitis. CT scan showed hepatomegaly with lymph node enlargement and there was no evidence of bile duct obstruction. And TPMT(thiopurine methyltransferase) genotyping was done and revealed to be wild type. Azathioprine was stopped and she was monitored for laboratory changes. Because it was regarded as azathioprine induced cholestatic hepatitis and jaundice, we considered not to do liver biopsy. Day 55 after starting azathioprine therapy, total bilirubin reached peak (12.3mg/ dL). The patient was discharged on day 63 with cholestatic parameters of 115U/L(ALP), 36U/L(γ-GT), and 11.5mg/dL(total bilirubin). After 2 months, total bilirubin was decreased to normal(0.8mg/dL). Treatment of BOOP has been continued only with oral steroid.

제왕절개 수술반흔에서 점액성 변화와 탈락막 변 화가 일어난 자궁내막증 2 예 및 조직면역학적연구

김주현(Ju Hyun Kim),한치동(Chi Dong Han),허창규(Chang Kyu Huh),조창호(Chang Ho Cho),고석봉(Suk Bong Koh) 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.1

Decidualized cutaneous endometriosis infrequently arises in the absence of pelvic disease. It is described in which the histologic features included cytologic atypia, circumscription of endometrial epithelial cells with glandular or cystically dilated space, mononuclear cells within and around the endometrial nodules, and accompanied myxoid change. This histologic pseudomalignancy is not common and be misinterpreted as metastatic carcinoma or malignant tumors arising from soft tissue due to location of nodule and histologic feature. We have experienced two cases of myxoid change in decidualized cutaneous endometriosis in the abdominal scar following Cesarean section, which is presented with a brief review of the literature.

한국인 담석증에 대한 임상적 고찰

김광하(Gwang Ha Kim),옥창민(Chang Min Ok),김병진(Byung Jin Kim),주형준(Hyung Jun Joo),송철수(Chul Soo Song),송근암(Guen Am Song),조몽(Mong Cho),양웅석(Ung Suk Yang) 대한소화기학회 1997 대한소화기학회지 Vol.29 No.3

N/A Background/Aitns: It has been reported frequently that clinical features of gallstone diseases in Koreans were different from those of Occidentals. These differences were thought to be due to inherent racial difference and acquired living habits. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the pattern of gallstone disease changes or not in Korea. Methods: We analyzed 5,488 cases of gallstone diseases which were reported in Korea frorn 1966 to 1994. We divided the period into 6 groups: the first period was 1,000 cases reported from 1966 to 1970, the second was 331 cases from 1971 to 1975, the third was 1,000 cases from 1976 to 1980, the fourth was 1,957 cases from 1981 to 1985, the fifth was 1,000 cases from 1986 to 1990, and the sixth was 200 cases from 1991 to 1993. Results: The age group of highest incidence was the fifth and sixth decade. The incidence below the third decade showed a decreasing tendency. In contrast, the incidence above sixth decade showed an increasing tendency. The male to female ratio was 1:1.25 to 1:1.71 and had no periological change. The duration of illness of highest frequency was below 6 months. In the case of duration above 5 years these was a decreasing tendency. The major complaints of biliary stone were right upper quadrant pain and tenderness. Nausea, vomiting, jaundice, and radiating pain showed a decreasing tendency. The major laboratory findings were leukocytosis, elevated SGOT and SGPT, elevated alkaline phosphatase, hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia. Of these, only hypoalbuminernia had a decreasing tendency. By the second period, the main diagnostic procedures were oral cholecystogram and intravenous cholecysto- graphy. From the fourth period, ultrasonography, ERCP, CT and PTC were been used comrnonly. For the location of gallstone, the gallbladder stone revealed the only increasing tendency, the common bile duct stone had a decreasing tendency, and the intrahepatic duct stone had no periological change. From 1980, the cholesterol stone became the main composition of gallstones. But, there was no periological change between early and late 1980s. Positive bacterial culture rate was 57.0% and the most common microorganism was E. coli. Klebsiella and Enterobacter. Pseudomonas showed an increasing tendency. Of the diseases associated with gallstone, only diabetes had an increasing tendency. The frequency of residual stone had an increasing tendency. Conclusions: The age of peak incidence of gallstone diseases was the fifth and sixth decades and there was a little predominance in females. From 1980, the cholesterol stone becarne the main composition of gallstones. For the location of gallstone, the gallbladder stone showed an increasing tendency and the common bile duct stone revealed a decreasing tendency. These suggested clinical features of gallstone diseases in Koreans are somewhat similar to those of Occidentals. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1997;29:352 - 361)

P177 Dermoscopic findings during the course of β -blocker treatment for infantile hemangioma

( Jin-hwa Son ),( Hyun-ju Jin ),( Hyang-suk You ),( Woo-haing Shim ),( Jeong-min Kim ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.68 No.2

<div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div> Background: Dermoscopy is a useful tool for examining morphology and structure of blood vessels in vascular skin lesions like infantile hemangioma (IH). However, dermoscopic findings are not fully elucidated in the course of β-blocker treatment for IH. Objectives: To investigate changes of dermoscopic findings during the course of β-blocker treatment for IH. Methods: Superficial or mixed-type IH patients treated with topical timolol solution or oral propranolol were enrolled in Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from November 2011 to January 2016. Clinical photograph and dermoscopic findings were recorded and assessed at the baseline, 1, 2, 3 and 6 months. Results: Total 115 patients (male: 38 and female: 77 / superficial type: 48 and mixed type: 67 / timolol: 77 and propranolol: 38) were included. Diffuse light erythema tended to be diminished but milky-red area increased gradually during the course of treatment. The patients treated with oral propranolol showed more prominent changes on each dermoscopic findings than those treated with topical timolol (p=0.023 and p=0.018, respectively). But, other findings like red-globular vessels, red-dot vessels, red-circulated vessels, red-linear vessels did not show significant changes. Conclusion: Dissolution of diffuse light erythema and increase of milky-red area were significant dermoscopic findings in accordance with clinical improvement after β -blocker therapy for IH.

A Case of Occupational Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Associated with Trichloroethylene

Jae, Young,Hwang, Eu Dong,Leem, Ah Young,Kang, Beo Deul,Chang, Soo Yun,Kim, Ho Keun,Park, In Kyu,Kim, Song Yee,Kim, Eun Young,Jung, Ji Ye,Kang, Young Ae,Park, Moo Suk,Kim, Young Sam,Kim, Se Kyu,Chang, The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2014 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.76 No.2

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a toxic chemical commonly used as a degreasing agent, and it is usually found in a colorless or blue liquid form. TCE has a sweet, chloroform-like odor, and this volatile chlorinated organic chemical can cause toxic hepatitis, neurophysiological disorders, skin disorders, and hypersensitivity syndromes. However, the hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) attributed to TCE has rarely been reported. We hereby describe a case of HP associated with TCE in a 29-year-old man who was employed as a lead welder at a computer repair center. He was installing the capacitors on computer chip boards and had been wiped down with TCE. He was admitted to our hospital with complaints of dry coughs, night sweats, and weight losses for the past two months. HP due to TCE exposure was being suspected due to his occupational history, and the results of a video-associated thoracoscopic biopsy confirmed the suspicions. Symptoms have resolved after the steroid pulse therapy and his occupational change. TCE should be taken into consideration as a potential trigger of HP. Early recognition and avoidance of the TCE exposure in the future is important for the treatment of TCE induced HP.