Single Oral Dose Toxicity Evaluation of Leejung-tang, a Korean Traditional Herbal Formula, in Crl:CD (SD) rats

Lim, Hye-Sun,Lee, Mee-Young,Seo, Chang-Seob,Shin, In-Sik,Ha, Hye-Kyung,Huh, Jung-Im,Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo The Society of Korean Medicine 2011 대한한의학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Objective: Leejung-tang (Rechu-to in Japanese) is a traditional Korean herbal formula used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as vomiting, stomach pain, chronic gastritis and gastrointestinal ulceration. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential acute toxicity of Leejung-tang water extract (LJT) by a single oral dose in Crl:CD (SD) rats in compliance with current guidelines. Methods: In the preliminary study, there were no adverse effects such as death, clinical signs, and body weight changes at dose levels of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day body weight. Based on the results, a dose of 2000 mg/kg was selected as the toxicological limited dose. LJT was administered once by gavage to male and female rats at dose levels of 0 and 2000 mg/kg bodyweight. During the study period, mortalities, clinical findings, and body weight changes were observed for 14 days following the administration. On day 14 after the treatment, the animals were sacrificed by carbon dioxide overdose and complete gross postmortem examinations were performed. Results: In present study, no treatment-related deaths were observed. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs and body weight changes. In addition, there were no observed gross findings in all groups except for a kidney cyst in the 2000 mg/kg/day female group. Conclusion: The results indicated that LJT did not induce toxic effects at a dose level up to 2000 mg/kg in rats and its median lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) was considered to be over 2000 mg/kg/day body weight for both genders.

Endoscopy and Imaging Modalities/Basic Science of Gastrointestinal Disorders/Miscellaneous : Changing Pattern Of Digestive And Liver Disease In Korea, 1990-2006 Year; A Single Center Study

( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Sang Woo Kim ),( In Sik Chung ),( Myung Gyu Choi ),( Kwan Woo Nam ),( Jung Pil Suh ),( Jae Hyuck Chang ),( Won Haing Hur ),( Yu Kyung Cho ),( Jae Myung Park ),( In Seok Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-

Background/Aims: Westernization in many Asian countries have changed lifestyles and diets, so once rare diseases have now become prevalent. The aim of this study is to investigate the changing pattern of digestive and liver disease in Korea, from 1990 to 2006. Methods: We extracted data specific gastrointestina (GI) disease based on the International Classification of Diseases code from the in-patients records at the Kangnam St. Mary`s Hospital in 1990, 1996 and 2006. This hospital is a tertiary-care hospital in Seoul, Korea, which has a capacity of 800 beds. Results: The admission rate for GI disease increased between 1990 and 2006. Overall in-patients were 1,623 persons in 1990, 2,368 persons in 1996 and 4,166 persons in 2006. The mean age of in-patients increased as time went by. A stomach cancer was the most common diagnosis during all periods, but its prevalence has decreased. Colon cancer ranked the 7th in 1990, but markedly increased and now ranks the second. The third was a hepatocellular carcinoma. The bile duct and gallbladder cancer, pancreas and esophageal cancer ranking followed with little interval change. In cases of cancer patients, a regular admission dramatically increased for chemotherapy. The number of patients admitted with pre-malignant neoplasm of stomach and colon increased remarkably with the development of endoscopy. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel discase, and reflux esophagitis emerged form mid-1990s with greater frequencies, yet much below the levels found in the West. The admission rate for peptic ulcer, especially ulcer bleeding remained relatively stable, despite a decreased rate for ulcer perforation. Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, cholelithiasis with cholecystitis-cholangitis, appendicitis, hemorrhoid and gastritis all decreased. Conclusions: The stomach cancer is the leading cause of admission, despite a recent decline. Colon cancer showed a marked rise. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel disease and reflux esophagitis were new diagnosis with an increased tendency.

Single Oral Dose Toxicity Evaluation of Leejung-tang, a Korean Traditional Herbal Formula, in Crl:CD (SD) rats

Hye-Sun Lim,Mee-Young Lee,Chang-Seob Seo,In-Sik Shin,Hye-Kyung Ha,Jung-Im Huh,Hyeun-Kyoo Shin 대한한의학회 2011 대한한의학회지 Vol.32 No.3

랫드에서 쌍화탕의 급성독성에 관한 연구

김수정 ( Su Jeong Kim ),이미영 ( Mee Young Lee ),신인식 ( In Sik Shin ),서창섭 ( Chang Seob Seo ),하혜경 ( Hye Kyung Ha ),허정임 ( Jung Im Huh ),신현규 ( Hyeun Kyoo Shin ) 대한본초학회 2011 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity and safety of Ssanghwa-tang (Shuanhetang in Chinese, Sou-wa-to in Japanese) in Crl: CD Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat though the current regulatory guideline. Methods: In this study, 10 rats of each sex were randomly assigned to two groups of 5 rats each and were administrated singly by gavage at dose levels of 0 and 2000 mg/kg/day of ssanghwa-tang water extract (SHT). After single administration of SHT, mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, gross findings were observed for the 15-day period. Results: Acute toxicity tests revealed that a single oral administration of SHT at dose levels of 2000 mg/kg did not affect clinical signs, body weight, and gross findings, evaluating the safety of SHT. The SHT treatment did not result in any toxicologically significant changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes. Conclusions: These results showed that the single oral administration of SHT did not cause any toxic effect at the dose levels of 2000 mg/kg/day in rats. In conclusion, the median lethal dose (LD50) of SHT was considered to be over 2000 mg/kg/day body for both sexes.

병원의 CRM 마케팅 적용에 관한 연구 : 부산지역 대학병원 종사자들의 의식을 중심으로

하민혁,박창식 고신대학교보건과학연구소 2003 보건과학연구소보 Vol.13 No.-

Presently, the management of hospitals is getting worse due to the ever-serious environmental factors of the inside and outside, and the competition between hospitals which are suppliers of medical service is getting keener and keener. Under this circumstance, medical industry is now keeping on trying to gpin the ascendency in the stuggle for existence by implementing a marketing differentiated from other hospitals, and making an attempt to use a new marketmg technique, recognizing patients as customers, espedally preparing for the introduction of CRM (Customer relationship management) system centering on maintaining the existing customers rather than attracting new ones and ino-easing the degree of customer loyalty. Indeed, some medium and small hospitals are implementing this system. Thus this paper is a narrative study investigating the relationship between the introduction of CRM in hospitals and the request degree of employees of its introducdon, their sadsfacdon degree of the real condidon of customer management system, the degree of recognition of its necessity and the extent of whether they reuse a hospital in case they become an object of customer management conducted by the hospital. The study subject was 169 employees working in four university hospitals located in Busan area, and its term of collecting data was until April 17, 2003. In corclusion, hospital employees did not know CRM well. Moreover, the lower the satisfaction degree of the actual condition of the customer management, the higher the recognition degree of its necessity and the higher the degree of intention of whether they reuse a hospital if they become an object of the customer management of the hospital, the higher the degree of request for the introduction of CRM.

剪斷力하에서 架橋된 EPDM과 HDPE 블랜드의 物性;Cure-blend에 對한 硏究

河昌植 부산대학교 공과대학 1985 硏究報告 Vol.30 No.-

The blends of ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) and polyethylene (HDPE) have been studied. Blends were prepared in a laboratory internal mixer, where EPDM was cured under shear with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) in the absence of HDPE and later blended with HDPE (cure-blend). The effect of DCP concentration, shear intensity of the mixing, and rubber/plastic composition were studied on the rheological, thermal and physical properties of the Cure-blend. The results obtained were compared with those from Blend-Cure of Lee and Kim's work and discussed.

廢플라스틱混合物 再生의 最近硏究動向

河昌植 부산대학교 환경문제 연구소 1986 環境硏究報 Vol.4 No.-

최근 石油공업의 발달과 더불어 플라스틱의 이용도는 점점 증가되고 있다. 또한 高分子工業의 비약적인 발달로 많은 새로운 플라스틱 혹은 플라스틱 複合材料가 개발되고 있다. 그러나 플라스틱의 개발은 용도면에서 많은 장점이 있음에도 불구하고 점차 廢플라스틱의 처리문제가 環境的인 측면에서 크게 대두되고 있다.

진단력하에서 가교된 EPDM과 Polypropylene 블랜드의 결정 구조와 Morphology

하창식,임균택 부산대학교 공과대학 1987 硏究報告 Vol.34 No.-

Crystalline structure and morphology of the dynamically cured ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer(EPDM) and polypropylene(PP) blends were investigated. Blends were prepared in a laboratory internal mixer where EPDM was cured with PP under shear with dicumyl peroxide(DCP) (blend-cure). Blends were also prepared for comparison from EPDM which were dynamically cured in the absence of PP and blended later (cure-blend). The crystalline structure and morphology were studied using X-ray diffractometer, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The dynamic curing process did not alter the crystalline structure of PP in the blends. The microgel structure of EPDM were observed in the dynamically cured EPDM-rich blend, which were important morphology to interprete the processability of the blends.

지지막을 이용하는 액막 추출기 내에서 아연 이온의 이동

주창식,이석희,이민규,홍성수,하홍두,정석기 한국환경과학회 2000 한국환경과학회지 Vol.9 No.2

For the purpose of development of a liquid membrane permeator which separates metal ions from aqueous solutions continuously and effectively, a continuous membrane permeator with the membrane solution trapped between extraction and stripping phases by two micro-porous hydrophilic films was manufactured. Experimental researches on the separation of zinc ion from aqueous solutions were performed in the liquid membrane permeator with 30 vol % D_2EHPA solution in kerosine as liquid membrane. As results, the liquid membrane permeator separates zinc ion from aqueous solutions continuously and effectively in the wide range of operating conditions. A simple mass transfer rate model using equilibrium constant of the extraction reaction for the system used were proposed, and the model was compared with experimental results of separation of zinc ion in the permeator. And the effects of operating factors, such as space time, pH of extraction solution, extraction temperature, on the separation rate of zinc ion in the permeator were experimentally examined.

제조업 산업장의 유기용제 노출에 관한 연구

문덕환,김정하,김필자,박명희,황용식,이채관,이창희 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Objective : For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data and health promotion and control program on organic solvents in air of manufacturing industry. Methods : The author surveyed number of organic solvent components which was used in working site and also determined the organic solvents concentration in air of 927 manufacturing industries and 1,267 working process with gas chromatography(NIOSH manual) for five years from 1995 to 1999. Results : Mean numbers of solvents components by type of industry, working process was number of 12. There were exceeded to TLV of 1,2-dichloroethane in textile manufacturing industry N,N-dimethyl furan in tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear manufacturing industry and chemical and chemical product manufacturing industry by type of industry. There were exceeded to TLV of 1,2-dichloroethane in handwriting and drawing process, cellosolove in adhesive spreading process, N,N-dimethly furan in production of solvent process and adhesion process by working process. Total exceeded rate to threshold limit values of organic solvents mixture were 12.9% for EI(Exposure index) and 10.0% for Em(Estimation of mixture) by type of industry, 11.3% for EI and 8.2% for Em by type of working process. The highest exceed rate was 36.7% for EI in tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear manufacturing industry and 29.0% for Em in textile manufacturing industry. the highest exceeded rate was 23.1% for EI and 12.5% for Em in adhesive spreading process by working process. Mean values of total subjects by type of industry and type of working process were 0.7±1.8 for EI and 0.7±1.7 for Em respectively. Conclusions : As above results, the author suggest that it makes the environmental control program on 1.2-dichloro-ethane, N,N-dimethyl furan, cellosolve by kind of organic solvent and on textile manufacturing industry, tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage, handbags, saddlery harness and footwear manufacturing industry by type of industry, and on handwriting, drawing process and adhesive spreading process and adhesion process by type of working process.