오리고기에 關한 硏究(Ⅱ) : 오리고기 통조림의 貯藏中 罐內變化 Various Changes in the Canned Duck-meat during the Storage Period

조덕봉,김동필,성하진,장인애 광주보건대학 1978 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

Various changes, especially leaching of heavy metals, in .the canned dock-meat during the 10 months storage period were investigated. Detinning reached to 57.28 ppm level, and the leaching of Pb and Fe levels were equivalent to 3.88 and 60.00 ppm respectively in the stored 10 months cans. The changes of pH and vacuum degrees were not significant and swelled cans were not observed. . Corrosion of tin-plate was increased as the during storage period in each sample.

CRW형식 무인항공기 추진시스템의 밸브작동을 고려한 비행모드 전환에 따른 천이성능 특성 연구

공창덕,박종하,강명철,양수석 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2005 機械技術硏究 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구는 CRW형식 무인항공기 추진시스템의 밸브작동을 고려한 비행모드에 따른 천이 성능특성을 파악하기 위해 SIMULINK를 이용하여 모델링 하였다. 주 엔진시스템의 천이 모사에는 ICV방법이 적용되었다. 그리고 밸브시스템은 로터리 덕트와 메인 덕트로 빠져나가는 유량을 제어하는 시스템으로서 밸브를 통해 로터리 덕트로 빠져나가는 유량과 메인 덕트를 빠져나가는 유량의 합은 터빈의 출구 유량과 같다는 가정하에 수행되었으며, 이 때 밸브각 변화에 따른 손실, 유량 및 유효면적 등이 고려되었다. 성능해석은 비행 천이 영역인 고도 1Km 비행마하수 0.1에서 엔진최대회전수시 회전익 모드에서 고정익 모드로 변환시외 고정익 모드에서 회전익 모드로 변환 경우들이 수행되었다. In order to investigate transient behaviour of the CRW(Canard Rotor Wing) type UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) propulsion system during flight mode transition considering flow control valve operation, the propulsion system was modelled using SIMULINK commercial program. For transient simulation of the main engine system, the ICV(Inter-Component Volume) method was applied. The valve system is to control the gas flow of the rotary duct system and the main duct system, and the analysis was performed with an assumption that the total gas mass flow of the main engine is the same as summation of the rotary duct flow and the main duct flow, and with consideration of valve loss, flow rate and effective area in valve angle variation. The performance analysis was carried out during flight mode transitions from the rotary flight mode to the fixed wing flight mode and vice versa mode at altitude of 1Km, flight Mach number 0.1 and maximum engine rpm.

메티실린 내성 황색 포도알균에 의한 연조직 및 골 감염에 대한 전환요법으로서의 경구 Rifampin의 유용성

손종원,김신우,하상우,이응갑,정덕원,장현하,이종명,김능수 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6

목적 : 메티실린 내성 황색 포도알균에 의한 연조직및 골 감염의 치료 시 glycopeptide약물의 정주 요법에 이은 경구 항생제로의 처방 전환이 요구되는 경우가 많으나 마땅한 경구 약제의 선택이 어려운 실정이다. 이에 경구 rifampin을 메티실린 내성 황색 포도알균에 의한 연조직 및 골 감염에 사용하여 치료한 경우를 분석하여 그 유용성 정도와 실패한 경우 실패의 위험인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2001년 1월부터 2004년 9월까지 메티실린 내성 황색 포도알균에 의한 연조직 및 골 감염 환자를 대상으로 rifampin을 그 치료 목적으로 사용한 44명의 환자를 의무 기록과 X선 사진을 통해 후향적으로 분석하였다. 기초 자료를 분석하였고 감염이 재발하여 치료 실패로 판정된 환자들에 대해 치료 실패의 원인이 될 만한 주요 변수에 대한 Chi-square 검증과 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 치료 후 재발은 20.5% (8/39)였으며 재발 예와 사망에 대한 위험요소에 대한 단변량 분석에서 고관절 보형물이 있는 경우 흔하였으나 통계적 차이에는 미치지 못하였다(P=0.065). 고관절 보형물 외에 동반된 질환들, 쇼크의 동반, 균혈증의 동반, 경구 시 ciprofloxacin과 rifampin의 병합 복용 기간 등을 혼란 변수로 사용한 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석에서는 고관절 보형물 만이 통계적으로 유의하였다(P=0.044). 결론 : 메티실린 내성 황색 포도알균에 의한 연조직및 골 감염에 rifampin과 다른 약제를 병합하여 치료하는 경우 재발은 적었다. 치료 실패의 경우는 고관절 부위 감염과 같이 보형물을 쉽게 제거하기 어려운 상황과 관계되는 것을 보여준다. Background : Rifampin is sometimes used in combination with other anti-staphylococcal agents to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections but few reports are available about the usefulness of rifampin against MRSA infections, especially in soft tissue and bone infections. Thus, we evaluated the efficacy of rifampin as switch therapy for soft tissue and bone infections caused by MRSA and assessed the risk factors for treatment failure. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively studied 44 patients who had soft tissue and bone infections caused by MRSA and were treated with rifampin in combination or as monotherapy as switch therapy from January 2001 to September 2004. Results : The mean age of the subjects was 50.2 years and the number of male and female were 34 and 10, respectively. Median duration of rifampin use was 32 days and 25% of the patients had artificial prostheses. Thirty one patients (79.5%, 31/39) were cured with parenteral glycopeptide followed by rifampin in combination or as monotherapy. Eight patients (8/39) recurred after the completion of treatment. The presence of hip prosthesis was the only significant risk factor (P= 0.027) in multivariate logistic regression test. Rifampin was tolerable in all cases. Conclusion : Rifampin as switch therapy for soft tissue and bone infection caused by MRSA was effective in 79.5% (31/39) of sujects. The treatment failure seems to be associated with unremovable infected prosthesis.

Changes in the Residual Chlorine Content of Fresh-cut Lettuce during Storage

Cho, Sun-Duk,Chang, Min-Sun,Lee, Yu-Si,Ha, Ji-Hyoung,Kim, Gun-Hee,Bae, Dong-Ho,Kim, Yong-Soo,Chung, Myung-Sub,Kim, Yong-Mu,Lee, Dong-Ho,Park, Sun-Hee,Ha, Sang-Do The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.3

Efficacies of the amounts and methods for chlorinated water to use in disinfection of lettuce were investigated. Concentrations of total and free chlorine in lettuce samples were measured using a colorimetric reaction with diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD). For measurement of the total amount of residual chlorine remaining on samples of lettuce during storage, 100 mg/L DPD samples were used. The residual chlorine content decreased an initial amount of 14 mg/L and further decreased by 42.9% after three minutes, by 92.9% after ten minutes, and diminished to 4 mg/L after seven hours of storage. Measurements made while applying 200 mg/L chlorinated water showed a similar trend. The change in the amount of free available chlorine in the washing water was determined based on storage period and frequency. While washing, the amount of free available chlorine decreased proportionally with time.

Relationship of PGC-1α Gene Polymorphism With Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Korean Children

Ha, Chang-Duk,Cho, Jin-Kyung,Han, Taekyung,Lee, Shin-Ho,Kang, Hyun-Sik SAGE Publications 2015 Asia-Pacific journal of public health Vol.27 No.2

<P>This study aimed to investigate the associations between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) gene Gly482Ser polymorphism (rs8192678) and parameters of insulin resistance in a sample of Korean children. A total of 286 children aged 10 to 12 years old were recruited from local elementary schools. Measured variables included body fat, blood pressures, blood lipids, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and accelerometer-based physical activity (PA). Significant differences in percentage body fat (<I>P</I> = .016), insulin (<I>P</I> = .013), and HOMA-IR (<I>P</I> = .007) were found according to Gly482Ser genotype, with no significant genotype differences in the other measured variables. The genotype-specific differences in insulin (<I>P</I> = .136) and HOMA-IR (<I>P</I> = .067) were significantly attenuated when adjusted for age, sex, Tanner stage, body fat, and PA. The findings of the study suggest that the genetic effects of the PGC-1α genotypes on parameters of insulin resistance might be modulated by lifestyle factors, including PA and body fatness.</P>

Reduced sitting time and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women

( Chang Duk Ha ),( Hye Ryun Hong ),( Hyun Sik Kang ) 한국운동영양학회 2012 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.16 No.3

Little is known about the health benefits that may be obtained by breaking prolonged periods in a seated position, especially during postprandial periods. We hypothesized that reduced sitting time magnifies the positive effects of a lifestyle based reduction of body fat, as well as reducing metabolic risk factors for overweight and obese women. Middle-aged women (n=45, aged 46.8 ± 6.5 yrs) participated in a 12-week lifestyle intervention, consisting of combined exercise and behavior modification. Based on their average time spent engaged in sedentary behaviors (i.e., sitting and lying) during postprandial periods, participants were retrospectively classified as the least sedentary group (LSG) moderately sedentary group (MSG) and highly sedentary group (HSG). Two-way RMANOVA showed significant group-by-time interactions for body composition. Following the intervention, improvements in body weight, body mass index, percentage body fat, and waist circumference were greatest in the LSG, followed by those in the MSG and HSG. Similar group-by-time interactions were associated with several metabolic risk factors. Improvements in HDL-C, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome were observed to be greatest in the LSG, followed by those of the MSG and HSG. Our findings suggest that breaking prolonged sitting time should be encouraged in order to augment the health benefits of exercise training for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic risk factors in middle-aged women.

Roles of Gender and Agein Relation to Insulin Resistance Profilein School Children

( Chang Duk Ha ),( Hae Ryun Hong ),( Shin Uk Kim ),( Sang Koo Woo ),( Ji Young Lee ),( Hyun Sik Kang ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of gender and agein relation to physical activity and insulin resistance syndrome in school children. In a cross-sectional design, a total of 1,425 elementary school children (744 boys and 681 girls) from the 2nd to 6th grade were voluntarily recruited from an elementary school located at the Gyeonggiprovidence.Following an overnight fast, body fatness parameters such body mass index, percent body fat and waist circumference and resting blood pressures were measured with standardized protocols. Venous blood samples were collected for blood lipids and glucose and insulin. Daily physical activity (PA) was objectively quantified by wearing an accelerometer for 1 week. In results, we found the following outcomes. With respect to body composition,we found that boys had significantly higher values in weight (p<0.001), body mass index (p<0.001), and waist circumference (p<0.001) than girls. Girls had significantly higher percent body fat (p<0.001) than boys. In both boys and girls, significant and linear increases were in body weight(p<0.001), body mass index(p<0.001), percent body fat(p<0.001), and waist circumference(<0.001) across incremental grade (or age) levels. With respect to accelerometer-based physical activities, we found that boys had significantly higher low (p<0.001), moderate (p<0.001), and vigorous physical activities (p<0.001) than girls. In both boys and girls, significant and linear decreases were found in low(p<0.001), moderate(p=0.018), and vigorous(p<0.001) PA across incremental grade levels. With respect to insulin resistance syndrome risk factors, we found that girls had significantly higher values in triglycerides(p<0.001), total cholesterol( p=0.008), fasting insulin(p<0.001), and HOMA-IR(p<0.001). In both boys and girls, significant and linear increases were found in fasting glucose(p<0.001) and insulin(p<0.001) and HOMA-IR(p<0.001) across incremental grade levels. And a significant decrease was found in HDLC(p<0.001) across incremental grad levels. In summary, girls had significantly elevated higher risk for the insulin resistance syndrome, as compared to boys. The sex difference in the insulin resistance profile was significantly associated with the sex differences in body fatness and accelerometer- based physical activity. In conclusion, the findings of the study suggest that physical activity promotion along with a healthy diet should be incorporated into an intervention to combat insulin resistance syndrome, especially in elementary school girls.

세척조건에 따른 신선편이 결구상추의 잔류 염소량 발생 변화

조순덕(Sun-Duk Cho),장민선(Min-Sun Chang),이유시(Yu-Si Lee),하상도(Sang-Do Ha),김건희(Gun-Hee Kim) 한국원예학회 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구에서는 샐러드 등 신선편이 식품의 기본 재료로 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 결구상추를 대상으로 염소수(차아염소산나트륨) 농도, 침지시간, 헹굼 횟수 및 염소수 침지온도에 따른 신선편이 식품의 잔류염소량 분석을 통해 위해정도를 확인하였다. 염소수 농도에 따른 실험 결과 200㎎ · L?¹ 이하에서는 유리잔류염소량이 1.0-7.0㎎ · L?¹으로 농도 의존적 증가를 보였으나 차이는 크지 않았고, 300㎎ · L?¹ 이상에서 30.0-45.0㎎ · L?¹로 급격히 증가하였다. 침지시간에 따른 유리잔류염소량은 비슷한 수준이었으나, 총잔류염소량은 시간이 증가함에 따라 소폭 증가하다가 유지되는 경향을 보였다. 헹굼 횟수별로는 1회 세척 시 총잔류염소량 16.0㎎ · L?¹이었으나, 2회 이상 세척 시 잔류염소는 검출되지 않았다. 염소수 침지온도에 따른 실험 결과 200㎎ · L?¹ 처리시, 5-20℃에서 총잔류염소량이 22.0-28.0㎎ · L?¹이었고, 30-50℃에서 5.0-12.0㎎ · L?¹으로 온도가 높아질수록 잔류량은 감소하였다. This study analyzes the residual chlorine content of fresh-cut lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) according to changes the concentration of sodium hypochlorite, dipping time, number of washes, and the temperature of wash water to verify the level of toxicity. When the concentration of sodium hypochlorite was under 200 ㎎ · L?¹, the residual amount of free chlorine was 1.0-7.0 ㎎ · L?¹. However, when the concentration of sodium hypochlorite exceeded 300 ㎎ · L?¹, the residual amount dramatically increased to 30.0-45.0 ㎎ · L?¹. The amount of free chlorine did not change much by the time of dipping. In contrast, the total residual chlorine content rose slightly as the dipping time increased. When the subject was washed once after chlorine treatment, the total residual chlorine content stood at 16.0 ㎎ · L?¹. Residual chlorine was not detected when the subject was washed for more than two times. Between the chlorinated water (200 ㎎ · L?¹) temperature of 5-20℃, the total residual chlorine content was 22.0-28.0 ㎎ · L?¹. When the temperature of washing water was raised to 30-50℃, the content decreased to 5.0-12.0 ㎎ · L?¹.

비만 아동의 인슐린저항성 지표에 대한 성별과 신체활동 분석

하창덕(Chang Duk Ha),홍혜련(Hye Ryun Hong),박상근(Sang Geun Park),송문구(Moon Goo Song),정영훈(Young Hun Jung),강현식(Hyun Sik Kang) 한국발육발달학회 2014 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.22 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the analysis of gender and accelerometer-based physical activity on whole body insulin sensitivity in obese children. In a cross-sectional design, a total of 78 obese children (44 boys and 34 girls) in the fifth and sixth grade were voluntarily recruited from an elementary school located at the Gyeonggi-Do. Following an overnight fast, body fatness parameters such body mass index(BMI), percent body fat and waist circumference and resting blood pressures were measured with standardized protocols. Venous blood samples were collected for blood lipids and glucose and insulin. Fasting glucose (mM) and insulin (uIU/mL) were used to calculated homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Daily physical activities were classified as low, moderate and vigorous intensity using a computer software provided by the company. Independent t-tests were used to test any significant differences in measured parameters between boys and girls. Further analyses were performed to assess any gender differences in the measured parameters within a subgroup who met a current recommendation (60 minutes or more per day) of moderate to vigorous physical activity for children. The total group analyses showed that (1) girls had significantly higher values in percent body fat (p=.003), total cholesterol (p=.012), triglycerides (p=.040), fasting glucose (p=.631) and insulin (p<.001) and HOMA-IR (p=.001) than boys and (2) boys had significantly higher values in accelerometer-based low (p=.009), moderate (p=.015) and vigorous (p=.005) physical activity than girls. Subgroup analyses showed that (1) group differences in total cholesterol (p=.034), triglycerides (p=.095), HDL-C (p=.031), fasting glucose (p=.527) and insulin (p=.002) and HOMA-IR (p=.005) were found between the boys and girls limited to children who did not met the daily recommendation for moderate to vigorous physical activity and (2) yet the gender differences in those parameters were not statistically significant between the boys and girls limited to children who met the daily recommendation for moderate to vigorous physical activity. In conclusion, the current findings of the study suggest that moderate to vigorous physical activity plays a critical role in determining gender differences in blood lipids and insulin resistance syndrome markers between obese boys and girls. Thus, promotion of moderate to vigorous physical activity should be a key component of lifestyle interventions against insulin resistance in obese children.

김치발효 중의 젖산균의 경시적 변화 및 분리 젖산균의 동정

이철우,고창영,하덕모 한국산업미생물학회 1992 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.20 No.1

김치의 발효온도를 5, 20 및 30℃로 달리하여 발효기간 중의 젖산균의 경시적인 변화를 선택배지를 이용하여 젖산균군별로 계수하는 방법으로 비교하고 이들 젖산균을 분리하여 형태적, 배양적 및 생리적 특징에 따라 동정하였다. Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus 및 Pediococcus속의 각 젖산균의 경시적인 변화는 각 온도에 있어서 그 양상이 비슷하고 온도가 높을수록 빨리 진행되었다. 이들 중 Leuconostoc 및 Lactobacillus가 높은 분포를 나타내었으며 낮은 온도에서 Leuconostoc는 증가하고 기타의 젖산균은 감소하는 경향이었다. Leuconostoc 및 Streptococcus는 초기에 증가하여 적숙기 이후에 급속히 감소하며 Pediococcus는 Streptococcus에 뒤이어 계속 증가하다가 뒤에 급속히 감소하고 Lactobacillus는 전 발효기간을 통하여 높은 분포를 나타내며 발효의 진행에 따라 조금 감소하는 경향이었다. 이들 각 속의 균주는 Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, Streptococcus faecium, S. faecalis, pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum, L. sake 및 L. brevis로 동정되었으며 Lactobacillus속 분리균주 중 L. sake 및 L. brevis는 발효초기에, L. plantarum은 과숙기에 주로 분리되었다. The microfloral changes of lactic acid bacteria during Kimchi fermentation at 5, 20 and 30℃ were compared by using various selective media, and the lactic acid bacterial strains were isolated and identified. The patterns of microfloral changes in each lactic acid bacterial group, leuconostoc, lactobacilli, streptococci and pediococci, were similar at different fermentation temperature, and the changes were accelerated by increased temperature. Among them, leuconostoc and lactobacilli showed high population, and at low temperature the number of leuconostoc were higher than at high temperature. Leuconostoc and streptococci were increased in number from the beginning, but they rapidly decreased after the optimum ripening period. Pediococci increased their number after streptococci, but they were rapidly decreased later. Lactobacilli were highly distributed throughout the whole fermentation period. However, they were slightly declined as the acidity increased. Those strains of leuconostoc, streptococci, pediococci and lactobacilli were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, Streptococcus faecalis, S. faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum, L. sake and L. brevis. Among lactobacilli,L. sake and L. brevis, and L. plantarum were isolated mainly at the beginning and around the overripening period of fermentation, respectively.