환자-의사 간 원격의료 제도 도입에 대한 법적 사회적 적합성 고찰

문종윤 ( Moon Jongyoon ),유병인 ( Yoo Byungin ),박관준 ( Park Kwanjun ),최종윤 ( Choi Jongyoon ),장원기 ( Jhang Wongi ),박윤형 ( Park Yoonhyung ) 한국의료법학회 2013 한국의료법학회지 Vol.21 No.2

정보통신기술의 발달에 따라 선진국에서는 원격의료의 범위를 확대하는 것을 검토하고 있다. 우리나라도 의사의 대면진료원칙에 추가하여 의사-환자 간 원격의료를 허용하는 방안을 추진하고 있다. 최근 원격의료가 새로운 진료의 방법이 아니라 진료의 보조적 수단이기 때문에 현재의 의료법도 허용되어 있다는 대법원 결정이 공고되어 법 개정의 실효성에 대하여 검토가 필요하다. 의사 환자 간 직접 원격의료를 하기 위해서는 처방전을 전송하는 방안, 원격의료에 따른 진료내용 보존방안 등 세부적인 사항이 먼저 마련되어야 한다. 처방전은 개인의료정보와 관련되어 철저한 보호가 필요하다. 그러나 처방전의 안전한 발급과 보존에 대한 방안이 마련되지 않아 법적 안정성이 미흡하다. 원격의료는 만성질환자가 혈압과 혈당 등을 스스로 측정한 내용을 의사와 원격으로 상의하여 처방을 받는 데 활용하는 것이 가장 유용한 방법이다. 자가 관리 생체정보를 의료에 이용하는데 따른 어플리케이션도 의료기기상의 허가 대상인지 명확히 해야 한다. 이에 대해 미국 FDA는 지침을 발표했고 한국 식품의약품안전처는 질의에 답변하는 형태로 별도허가가 필요하다고 답변하였다. 원격의료가 의료시장에서 대면진료와 같이 활성화될 수 있는지에 대하여 전문가 들은 대면진료의 보조수단으로 시장에 영향은 미미할 것으로 전망하고 있다. 원격의료를 허용함으로써 도서 지역 등 의료취약지역과 노인층 등 의료취약계층에 의료접근성의 문제를 해결한다고 하나 원격의료가 스마트 폰 등 첨단기기와 어플리케이션을 사용하는 방식인데 반해 취약지와 취약계층은 첨단기기에 접근과 사용이 어려워 접근성이 향상되기는 어려울 것으로 보고 있다 그동안의 취약지 의료기반 확충정책은 취약지에 의사를 배치하는 정책이었는데 원격의료가 이를 해결한다고 보기는 어렵다. 원격의료는 정부가 기대하는 산업발전에도 기여가 미약 할 것으로 보고 있다. 이 정책에 대하여 정책관계자의 의견은 상반되고 있다. 보건의료계는 적극반대하고 있는 반면 IT산업계와 경제부처(기획재정부, 산업통상자원부)는 필수적이라고 하고 있다. 결론적으로 지금 제도 도입으로 원격의료를 시행하는 것은 적합하지 않으며 또한 불가능할 것으로 보인다. 앞으로 기본계획과 세부실천방안을 마련하고 사회적 합의를 거쳐 시행해야 할 과제이다. As information and communication technology(IT) develops, each country is reviewing legal and institutional expansion of telemedicine. It is also expected to allow the physician-patient telemedicine service in Korea by adding the principle of face to face medical service to its Health care Law. But because telemedicine is not a new medical treatment but a complementary measure of treatment in hospital, it is necessary to have a precedent that shows the allowance of the present medical law and a careful review of the law. To conduct a direct telemedicine between doctor and patient, details such as ways to issue a prescription remotely and preservation of medical record in telemedicine system should be arranged in advance. A thorough protection is needed for the prescription as it is related to private medical information. But the related system is still far from perfect due to the lay in arranging and presenting the measures for safe issue and preservation of the prescription. The most practical use of telemedicine system at present is to get a prescription from a doctor after a remote consulting on the contents of self-care, self hypertension measuring, and self-blood sugar measuring of a patient with non communicable disease. It should also clarified whether the application for using self-managing biomedical information in the treatment is approved as a medical instrument or not. Regarding this matter, the U.S. FDA has announced a guideline and Korea Food & Drug Administration is giving answers to related questions. With respect to the possibility of invigorating telemedicine system in the medical market, experts say it would not give much influence on the market as it is just a complementary measure of the original medical treatment. The medical community and experts are skeptical about allowing the telemedicine system despite the fact that it is expected to resolve the problem of accessibility among underserved areas such as islands and population such as the elderly and lead to the development of the medical market and also the general industry. They say it will hardly improve the accessibility for underserved areas and population because of difficult access to high-tech gadgets and application such as smart phones, which is required to be used in telemedicine system. They also expect only the slightest contribution to the development of industry expected by the government because the telemedicine system as a complementary measure of treatment is not expected to give a significant change to the medical market. The opinions of stakeholder regarding this policy are greatly varied. While physician, healthcare-related NGO, and KMA are actively opposing to this policy, IT industry and the government financial departments (Ministry of Strategy and Finance, Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy) say the policy is indispensable. In conclusion, it presently appears to be inappropriate and impossible to conduct telemedicine system through the law revision. It should be carried out based on the social agreement.

An Improved Stereo Matching Algorithm with Robustness to Noise Based on Adaptive Support Weight

( Ingyu Lee ),( Byungin Moon ) 한국정보처리학회 2017 Journal of information processing systems Vol.13 No.2

An active research area in computer vision, stereo matching is aimed at obtaining three-dimensional (3D) information from a stereo image pair captured by a stereo camera. To extract accurate 3D information, a number of studies have examined stereo matching algorithms that employ adaptive support weight. Among them, the adaptive census transform (ACT) algorithm has yielded a relatively strong matching capability. The drawbacks of the ACT, however, are that it produces low matching accuracy at the border of an object and is vulnerable to noise. To mitigate these drawbacks, this paper proposes and analyzes the features of an improved stereo matching algorithm that not only enhances matching accuracy but also is also robust to noise. The proposed algorithm, based on the ACT, adopts the truncated absolute difference and the multiple sparse windows method. The experimental results show that compared to the ACT, the proposed algorithm reduces the average error rate of depth maps on Middlebury dataset images by as much as 2% and that is has a strong robustness to noise.

An Improved Stereo Matching Algorithm with Robustness to Noise Based on Adaptive Support Weight

Lee, Ingyu,Moon, Byungin Korea Information Processing Society 2017 Journal of information processing systems Vol.13 No.2

An active research area in computer vision, stereo matching is aimed at obtaining three-dimensional (3D) information from a stereo image pair captured by a stereo camera. To extract accurate 3D information, a number of studies have examined stereo matching algorithms that employ adaptive support weight. Among them, the adaptive census transform (ACT) algorithm has yielded a relatively strong matching capability. The drawbacks of the ACT, however, are that it produces low matching accuracy at the border of an object and is vulnerable to noise. To mitigate these drawbacks, this paper proposes and analyzes the features of an improved stereo matching algorithm that not only enhances matching accuracy but also is also robust to noise. The proposed algorithm, based on the ACT, adopts the truncated absolute difference and the multiple sparse windows method. The experimental results show that compared to the ACT, the proposed algorithm reduces the average error rate of depth maps on Middlebury dataset images by as much as 2% and that is has a strong robustness to noise.

효율적인 하드웨어 구현을 위한 가중 메디안 필터

현종길(Jongkil Hyun),문병인(Byungin Moon) 한국정보기술학회 2017 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2017 No.6

효율적인 DCNN 연산을 위한 FPGA 기반 TDC 가속기

장혜림 ( Hyerim Jang ),문병인 ( Byungin Moon ) 한국정보처리학회 2021 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.28 No.1

딥러닝 알고리즘 중 DCNN(DeConvolutional Neural Network)은 이미지 업스케일링과 생성·복원 등 다양한 분야에서 뛰어난 성능을 보여주고 있다. DCNN은 많은 양의 데이터를 병렬로 처리할 수 있기 때문에 하드웨어로 설계하는 것이 유용하다. 최근 DCNN의 하드웨어 구조 연구에서는 overlapping sum 문제를 해결하기 위해 deconvolution 필터를 convolution 필터로 변환하는 TDC(Transforming the Deconvolutional layer into the Convolutional layer) 알고리즘이 제안되었다. 하지만 TDC를 CPU(Central Processing Unit)로 수행하기 때문에 연산의 최적화가 어려우며, 외부메모리를 사용하기에 추가적인 전력이 소모된다. 이에 본 논문에서는 저전력으로 구동할 수 있는 FPGA 기반 TDC 하드웨어 구조를 제안한다. 제안하는 하드웨어 구조는 자원 사용량이 적어 저전력으로 구동 가능할 뿐만 아니라, 병렬 처리 구조로 설계되어 빠른 연산 처리 속도를 보인다.

개선된 연산방법을 적용한 스테레오 렉티피케이션

현종길(Jongkil Hyun),문병인(Byungin Moon) 한국정보기술학회 2015 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2015 No.6

높은 대역폭을 갖는 AHB 호환 NoC 구조

김현철(Hyuncheol Kim),문병인(Byungin Moon) 한국정보기술학회 2010 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.8 No.11

With the increasing number of IPs (Intellectual Properties) integrated on a SoC (System on Chip), the previous on-chip buses impose a number of limitations on bandwidth and scalability. For this reason, SoC architects have been looking for new high-bandwidth on-chip interconnect architectures, and many of them are now giving their attention to NoC (Network on Chip) architectures. The major concern of this paper is proposing an appropriate NoC architecture which supports high bandwidth, low latency and high IP reusability. For this purpose, this paper discusses some of ideas on the previous works, especially focusing on topology, IP interface protocol, routing algorithm, and switching algorithm. The proposed high-bandwidth NoC architecture adopts the star topology for minimizing distances between IPs, and uses the AHB as the protocol for IP interfaces in order to increase IP reusability. Besides, the proposed IP interface logic processes directly response messages for the purpose of reducing response latency. Simulation and implementation results show that with minimal hardware overhead, the proposed NoC architecture achieves fast response and high bandwidth while maintaining compatibility with AHB IPs.

서브 윈도우 허프 변환을 이용한 효율적인 차선 검출

김세훈(Sehoon Kim),문병인(Byungin Moon) 대한전자공학회 2020 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.11

In-DRAM ECC 구현을 위한 BCH 부호의 오류 위치 다항식 계산 알고리즘 비교

정성훈(Sunghun Jung),문병인(Byungin Moon) 한국통신학회 2018 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.6

A Multi-Level Accumulation-Based Rectification Method and Its Circuit Implementation

( Hyeon-sik Son ),( Byungin Moon ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.6

Rectification is an essential procedure for simplifying the disparity extraction of stereo matching algorithms by removing vertical mismatches between left and right images. To support real-time stereo matching, studies have introduced several look-up table (LUT)- and computational logic (CL)-based rectification approaches. However, to support high-resolution images, the LUT-based approach requires considerable memory resources, and the CL-based approach requires numerous hardware resources for its circuit implementation. Thus, this paper proposes a multi-level accumulation-based rectification method as a simple CL-based method and its circuit implementation. The proposed method, which includes distortion correction, reduces addition operations by 29%, and removes multiplication operations by replacing the complex matrix computations and high-degree polynomial calculations of the conventional rectification with simple multi-level accumulations. The proposed rectification circuit can rectify 1,280 × 720 stereo images at a frame rate of 135 fps at a clock frequency of 125 MHz. Because the circuit is fully pipelined, it continuously generates a pair of left and right rectified pixels every cycle after 13-cycle latency plus initial image buffering time. Experimental results show that the proposed method requires significantly fewer hardware resources than the conventional method while the differences between the results of the proposed and conventional full rectifications are negligible.