중학교 과학 수업에서 교사와 학생의 언어적 상호작용 분석

최경희,박종윤,최병순,남정희,최경순,이기순 한국과학교육학회 2004 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.24 No.6

이 연구의 목적은 중학교 과학 수업에서 교사와 학생간의 언어적 상호작용이 실제로 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지를 관찰ㆍ분석하여 이에 대한 특징을 추출함으로써 과학 수업에서 교사와 학생간의 언어적 상호작용에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 있다. 이를 위해 수업 분석 준거를 개발하였으며, 8명의 과학 교사의 수업 12차시를 관찰 및 녹화하였으며, 교사와의 면담을 실시하였다. 수업 분석 결과, 관찰한 과학 수업에서 교사와 학생간의 언어적 상호작용은 주로 교사의 단순 확인/기억 질문, 학생의 단답형 응답, 교사의 즉각적 피드백이 주를 이루었다. 교사가 사고 질문을 하고 지연 피드백을 부여 하는 경우 학생들이 자신의 생각을 드러내고 이를 기반으로 사고를 진전시켜 나갈 수 있었으나 이러한 사례는 그 수가 상당히 적었다. 교사들은 학생들의 사고를 유발하고 이를 진전시키기 위한 노력보다는 수업 내용을 논리적 흐름에 맞추어 체계적으로 제시하는 것에 더 큰 중점을 두는 경향이 있었다. 또한 관찰한 수업에서 교사가 시범 실험, 모형 혹은 실물 수업자료 등을 활용할 때 보다 많은 수의 학생들이 적극적으로 수업에 참여하여 자신의 생각을 드러내었으나 교사가 학생들의 생각을 바탕으로 학생들의 사고과정을 진전시켜 나가는 과정을 도모하지 않음으로써 학생들의 사고과정을 단절시키는 경우가 많았다. 따라서 수업 활동과 수업 자료 활용이 효과를 거두기 위해서는 각각의 활용에 있어서 학생들과 구체적으로 어떠한 상호 작용을 형성해야 하는지에 대해 연구가 이루어져야하며, 또한 교사는 교사의 질문이나 피드백이 학생들의 학습에 중요한 역할을 함을 인식해야 한다. The purpose of this study is to analyze verbal interaction between teachers and students in order to collect qualitative data on the characteristics of the interaction to enhance teaching efficacy. Total of 12 classes of eight science teachers were observed and were interviewed. The classes were video taped and all the verbal interactions were transcribed. The transcribed content and interviews were further analyzed to draw any conclusions on the verbal interaction between teachers and students. Analysis criteria for the data on the class and interview were developed based on the literature review and applied to analyze the collected content. The analyzed data showed that verbal interactions composed of confirmation questions for memorization, students' short responses and teacher's immediate feedbacks. The results of the study also suggested that there needs to be further studies on the interactional techniques for teacher in utilizing the class materials and activities. The teachers should acknowledge the importance of the questions and feedbacks of teachers for students to stimulate their sound learning through literatures.

한국의 석탄광업에서 발생한 진폐증의 실태 : 발생에 관여하는 요인 및 발생률 Risk Factors and Incidence Density

최병순 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Pneumoconiosis, especially Coalworkers' Pneumoconiosis(CWP), is the principal occupation-related disease in Korea because of the large number of effected workers. Coal mines and miners have been reduced abruptly during recent 8 year, but coal mining should be kept in Korea. Recently, pneumoconiotic workers are increasing in manufacturing industry. It is necessary to know the characteristics of CWP to prevent the development of CWP and manage employed or retired pneumoconiotic workers. Furthermore, it is also necessary to study CWP to protect workers from pneumoconiosis in manufacturing industry. Of the total of 6,452 workers who were diagnosed as CWP initially during the 20 years from 1973 to 1992, X-ray category was as follows : category 1(35.2%). category 2(23.1%), suspicious(0/1 category, 13.4%), category 3(5.7%), large opacity(3.5%), unknown by complete classification(19.1%). The patients' cardiopulmonary disability was as follows : no disability 79.3%, slight 14.2%, mild 4.1%, moderate 1.9%, severe 0.5%. The patients' X-ray category and disability were not related with the initially exposed age or job position, but their severity was positively related with the exposed duration that was adjusted by the initially exposed age. Also, the patients' X-ray category and disability had positive relationship each other. the cumulative exposure dose of silica was more important than that of respirable dust in the development of large opacity CWP. The annual incidence density of CWP was 73.2 persons in 1982 and 75.8 persons in 1986 per 10,000 person years. Afterthen it has been gradually decreasing and was in the range of 20-30 persons in the period of 1989-1992.

프레탈^(R)정(실로스타졸 50mg)에 대한 실로졸^(R)정의 생물학적 동등성

최한곤,권기철,이승호,김학미,박병주,유봉규,이종달,이경희,하정희,우종수,박인숙,최진석,용철순 한국병원약사회 2003 병원약사회지 Vol.20 No.1

Bioequivalence of two cilostazol tablets, the Pletaal^(R)(Korea Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and the Cilozol^(R)(Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), was evaluated according to the guideline of KFDA, Sixteen normal male volunteers(age 20~29 years old) were divided into two groups and a randomized 22 cross-over study was employed. After two tablets containing 50㎎ of cilostazol were orally administered. blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of cilostazol in plasma was determined with an HPLC method using UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters(C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t)) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of parameters. The results showed that the differences in C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) between two tablets were 4.99%, 1.74% and 7.68%, respectively. The powers(1-β) for C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) were83.92%, 80.12% and 85.03%, respectively. Detectable differences(Δ) and confidence intervals were all less than 20%, and confidence interval of all the parameters were also less than 20% at the significance level(α) of 0.05. All of these parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Cilozol^(R) tablet is bioequivalent to Pletaal^(R) tablet.

진폐소견의 판독에 영향을 미치는 요인

최병순 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.4

To find the factors affecting reading agreement of pneumoconiotic findings of simple chest P-A films and to develop the definite quality assurance (Q.A) program for the reading of pneumoconiosis, I gathered the reading reports of the previously developed forty four chest films from nationwide thirty nine radiologists and compared those with the findings decided by the stepwise panel readings of the highly qualified eight radiologists. The reading agreement of profusion by complete of short classification was higher in the radiologists with sufficient reading experiences of pneumoconiosis during residency training. It was also higher in the radiologists with reference to ILO standard films or those working in the agencies for pneumoconiosis within one category of profusion by complete classification. Other factors were not related with the reading agreement of profusion. In small opacity and pleural thickening, there were not any consistent and meaningful findings between the reading agreement and radiologists' characteristics. From the above results, it is necessary to develop the Q.A program to improve the reading agreement of pneumoconiotic findings, especially small opacity and pleural lesions.

CASE 프로그램에 의한 초등학생들의 인지가속 효과

최병순,한효순,신애경,김선자,박종윤 한국초등과학교육학회 2003 초등과학교육 Vol.22 No.1

과학교과 내용이 요구하는 인지수준과 학생들의 인지수준이 맞지 않아 생기는 문제점을 극복하는 적극적인 대처 방안으로 학생들의 인지발달을 촉진시켜 과학교과 내용의 이해를 도모하기 위해 구안된 CASE 프로그램의 효과를 조사했다. 초등학교 5학년(11세) 420명의 학생들이 연구에 참가하였으며, 같은 분량의 시간동안 실험반에서는 교육과정에 따른 과학교과 수업과 ‘생각하는 과학’ 활동을 병행하였고, 통제반에서는 과학교과 수업만을 수행하였다. 연구 초기에 논리적 사고력 검사(SRT Ⅱ)를 이용하여 집단의 동질성을 비교하구, 2년 동안 실험반에 CASE 프로그램을 처치한 후 처치별, 성별, 인지수준별 인지가속 효과를 조사했다. 2년간 지도한 결과 CASE 프로그램이 인지가속에 매우 효과적인 것(MS=16.883, F=10.360,p=.001; ES=0.40)으로 확인되었다. 특히 초기 1년 동안 인지가속에 매우 효과적인 것 (MS=10.491, F=9.302, p=.002; ES=0.41)으로 확인되었다. 학생들의 성별에 따라 CASE 프로그램의 효과를 비교한 결과 남학생들 보다 여학생들이 (ES 남:여=0.27:0.59) 좀 더 나은 효과를 보였다. 학생들의 사전 인지수준에 따른 CASE 프로그램의 효과를 분석한 결과, 전기 구체적 조작기(2A) 학생들은 중간검사에서 인지발달이 있는 것(ES=0.23)으로 나타났으며, 이러한 효과가 꾸준히 증가하여 사후검사에서는 인지발달이 아주 현저하게(ES=0.70) 나타났다. 중기 구체적 조작기(2A/2B)와 후기 구체적 조작기 (2B) 학생들에게서도 인지가속 효과가 (ES=0.30, 0.23) 나타났으나, 과도기 (2B/3A)와 전조작기(<2A) 학생들에게는 CASE 프로그램의 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 학생들의 사후 인지수준이 형식적 조작기 (3A 이상)로 상향 변화된 비율이 실험반(21.8%)이 통제반(8.6%)보다 2.5배나 높았다. 이와 같은 인지가속은 초기, 중기, 그리고 후기 구체적 조작기 학생들에게서 명백하게 나타났다. 우리나라 과학교과내용이 요구하는 인지수준과 학생들의 실제 인지수준과의 격차로 인해 생기는 과학교육의 문제점을 좀 더 적극적으로 대처하는데 CASE 프로그램과 관련된 여러 가지 자료가 활용될 수 있을 것이다. This study investigated the effects of the cognitive acceleration program devised for accelerating the development of formal reasoning ability of students. 'Thinking Science' activities developed by the Cognitive Acceleration thtough Science Education(CASE) project were implemented to 420 students in 5th grade aged 10+ in four elementary schools over a period of two years. Homogeneity between the experimental group and control group was tested with SRT Ⅱ, and the improvement of formal reasoning ability of the students was tested with SRT Ⅲ. The results weer shown in the CASE group compared with those in the control group. Cognitive level of girls in the CASE group increased as compared with control group, while there was moderate effect in boys for the primary school. These results implied that much more CASE students in concrete operational level shifted to formal operational level as compared with the control group while there were no significant effects in the other levels for primary school.

Langmuir-Blodgett 초박막의 전기적 특성

최병호,김성진,정순욱 金烏工科大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

Ultrathin film of 100Å-order is fabricated by Langmuir-Blodgett technique. By measure of UV-vis spectra and capacitance, deposition status was confirmed together with the thickness of natural oxidized aluminum film inside a device and dielectric constant of (N-docosyl pyridinium)-TCNQ(1:2) complex. The conductivity of this film measured by the direction of either vertical or horizontal axis is results in a quite different value.

ℓ-Carnitine의 金屬錯化合物에 관한 硏究

崔秉箕,金順美,趙顯英 同德女子大學校 1987 同大論叢 Vol.17 No.1

In order to clarify transportation, the mode of action of intracellular ℓ-Carnitine related to the β-oxidation of fatty acid. metal (Cu++, Cd++, Mn++, Mg++, Ni++ And Zn++) coordination complexes of ℓ-Carnitine were studied on acid dissociation, stability constant, thermal stability, and functional radical chelated with metal by means of I.R. spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and Bjerrum's method. The obtained results are summerized as follows: 1. The acid dissociation constant of ℓ-Carnitine in aqueous solution(μ=0.02) was found to be 6.3×10-5 at 25℃. 2. L-carnitine has formed metal coordination complex with Ni++, Co++, Zn++, Mn++, Mg++ an Cd+. From data calculated p[A-] and n, stability constants (log K₂ and log K₃) are obtainde; Metal Complex Cd Co Mn Mg Ni Zn log K₂ 2.7 - - 3.22 - - log K₃ 3.05 2.84 3.33 3.07 2.85 3.83 3. According to I.R. spectral data, amino and carboxyl groups of ℓ-carnitine are assumed to participate in the complex formation. 4. According to differential thermal analysis, each metal-carnitine coordination complex has been shown Mn>Zn>Cd>Mg>Ni>Co in thermal stability. 5. It is assumed that metal/ligand ratios has 1:3 approximately.

우수한 화학교사 양성을 위한 일반화학 탐구실험 모형개발

崔秉舜 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1991 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.1 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 교사 양성기관의 자연계열 학생들에게 탐구과정 능력을 키워줄 수 있으며 화학실험에 대하여 긍정적인 태도를 형성시킬 수 있는 화학실험 모형을 개발하고, 그 학습효과를 알아보는데 있었다. 연구결과에 의하면, 새로 개발된 탐구적 순환학습 모형에 따라 실험을 한 학생들은 전통적인 방법에 따라 실험을 한 학생들에 비하여 화학실험 및 실험방법에 대하여 매우 긍정적인 태도를 보였다. 그러나, 탐구능력이나 성취도에서는 두 그룹 사이에 의미있는 차이가 없었다. The purpose of this study was to develop inquiry model of laboratory experiment in general chemistry and to investigate the effectiveness of this model in fostering the process skills and positive attitudes toward the chemical experiment. According to the result of this study it was found that students used the experimental program by inquiry learning cycle model developed in this study showed much more positive attitudes toward the chamical experiment and the experimental method than those who used the traditional experimental program. However, there were no differences between experimental group and control group in process skills and achievement scores.

진폐증의 연구와 진단을 위한 방사선학적 방법들의 비교 : Simple Radiography and Computed Tomography 단순 방사선검사와 컴퓨터 단층촬영

최병순 大韓産業醫學會 1995 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

The classification for pneumoconiosis which was developed by International Labour Office(ILO) on the basis of Radiological findings of simple chest radiography has been widely used for the study and diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. But many problems have been revealed during the pneumoconiosis study using this classification. Those problems come from simple radiography itself or classification systems. Among those, inter-reader and intra-reader variability are the severest problems, even though many efforts have been devoted to lessen the variability. With introduction of computed tomography(conventional CT and HRCT), we are learning many new aspects about the occupational lung diseases, especially pneumoconiosis. So the studies for pneumoconiosis using tomography are reviewed, focusing on silicosis, coalworkers' pneumoconiosis, and asbestosis. But in our country, the studies of that kind are very scant. It is necessary to study and diagnose pneumoconiosis by CT, because that is the need of workers and the responsibility of physicians working in the field of occupational medicine. CT is superior to simple radiography in early detection, determination of severity, and follow-up of pneumoconiosis. But simple radiography is and should be the main method for the study and diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. Although, because of radiation hazard, cost, time, and geographical availability, the method can not and should not be used on the routine basis, we have to consider the use of CT, if possible and if necessary. Before using CT widely, we should develop the standardized criteria regarding to scanning methods and reading criteria. If not, the same problems as those of simple radiography will be occurred, and then there will be no progress in occupational medicine and workers' health.

화학문제의 요구주의력과 학습자의 기능적 정신용량과의 관계

崔秉舜,金都旭 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1998 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.8 No.1

이 연구에서는 100명의 인문계 고등학생을 대상으로 화학양론과 관련된 문제의 해결에서, 과제의 요구주의력 결정 방법과 학습자의 덩이지식화 정도가 화학문제의 요구주의력과 학습자의 기능적 정신용량과의 관계에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구결과에 의하면, 과제에 포함된 조작스키머 종류의 수를 그 과제의 요구주의력으로 보는 것이 가장 타당함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 학습자의 덩이지식화 정도가 과제의 요구주의력과 학습자의 기능적 정신용량과의 관계에 영향을 미치는 중요한 변인이며, Pascual-Leone의 이론으로부터 가정할 수 있는 임계상황이 나타나지 않는 중요한 이유임을 알 수 있었다. The puprpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the way determining mental demand of the problem and the extent of chunking of the learner on the relations between the mental demand of the problem and mental capacity of the students in solving chemical stoichiometry problems of 11th grade students. It was found that the number of types of operative scheme included in the problem was considered the mental demand of the problem. It was also found that the extent of chunking of the learner was one of the important factors influencing on the relations between the mental demand of the problem and mental capacity of the students in solving chemical stoichiometry problems.