발레 푸에떼 앙뚜루낭 앙드오르 동작의 운동학적 분석

유봉준,박계순,임규찬,박종진 한국운동역학회 1999 한국운동역학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The study aimed to analyse and compare the various kinematic variables of Croise´ motion with A la seconde motion in order to provide improve-ment of understanding in the technique of ballet. And Fouett´ motion was divided into LSI(i.e., Leg-Stretching motion: A la seconde in French), LBI(i.e., Leg-Banding motion: Coupe´ in French), LS2 and LB2. To achieve of such the purpose, six ballerina were sampled as subjects with 5-year career at university and the motions were required to be performed as quickly and stably as possible. The motions were analysed using the DLT method of three-dimensional cinematography. The principal kinematic variables for comparative analysis between Croise´ and A la seconde were as such: spent time, c.o.g distance, angular velocity of both arms, lean angle, hip joint angle and height of c.o.g. As a result of analyzing the data, the following conclusions were drawn. 1. The overall duration of Croise´ is less than that of A la seconde, but there was no significant difference two motions. 2. C.O.G. distance in Croise´ in view of horizontal plane tend to be shorter than that in A la seconde, but there was no significant difference between two motions. 3. The angular velocity of right arm in Croise´ is larger than that in A la seconde only at LS. There was no significant difference in the angular velocity of left arm in two motions, but the angular velocity f left arm in A la seconde tend to be larger than that in Croise´both at LSI and at LS2. and the angular velocity of left arm un Croise´ tend to be larger than that in A la seconde both at LB1 at LB2. 4. There was no significant difference in the lean angle and right hip joint angle between two motions. But the lean angle of Croise´ tend to be larger than that of A la seconde and the right hip joint angle of Croise´ tend to be larger than that of A la seconde. The right knee joint angle of Croise´ was larger than that of A la seconde at LS1 which proved to be significant difference between two motions. At other factors, there was no significant difference, but the right knee joint angle of A la seconde tend to be larger than that of Croise´. 5. There was significant difference between two motion at all factors on the height of c.o.g.. The height of c.o.g. of Croise´ tend to be higher than that of A la seconde at LS1 and at LS2. Besides, the height of c.o.g. of A la seconde tend to be higher than that of Croise´ at LB1 and at LB2.

폐기물 매립지 사면의 안정성 해석

유한규,최봉혁 漢陽大學校 環境工學硏究所 1999 環境科學論文集 Vol.20 No.-

본 논문에서는 지반조건 및 지하수위 그리고 폐기물의 전단강도 정수가 난지도 매립지와 같은 비위생 매립지의 사면안정성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 사면의 최소안전율을 산출하기 위하여 한계평형방법에 근거한 Janbu의 절편법을 사용하였다. 해석 결과 매립지가 완전건조 상태에 있는 경우가 완전포화 상태에 있는 경우에 비해 안전율이 약2.4∼2.8배 정도 증가되었다. 관측된 지하수위 상태 하에서 폐기물의 점착력과 내부마찰각이 증가할수록 사면의 안전율은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 예상파괴면이 하부지층까지 도달한 경우 하부지층의 조건에 따라 안전율과 예상파괴면의 형상이 변화한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. In this paper, the effects of geological condition of ground, ground water level, and shear strength parameters of refuse on the slope stability of uncontrolled waste landfill such as Nanjido landfill were studied. The Janbu method of slices based on the limit equilibrium method was used to calculate the minimum factor of safety with respect to slope stability of landfill. The analytical results showed that the factor of safety for a fully dried condition of landfill increased 2.4∼2.8 times as great as that for a fully saturated condition of landfill. Under the condition of actual ground water level, the factor of safety increased with increasing both cohesion and internal friction angle of refuse. Also, when the potential failure surface passed through the underlying layer, the factor of safety and shape of potential failure surface were found to depend on geological conditions of underlying layer.

레반다이어트 식품섭취가 비만여성의 신체구성성분, 혈중 렙틴 및 지질수준에 미치는 영향

이규성,유병렬,정락희,김문희,송봉준,이길자 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.2

This study was to varify the effects of levan diet administration on body composition, blood leptin level and lipids components (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C) in obese women during 8 weeks. The subjects of study were divided into 20-29year group (n=15) and 30-39year group (n=15) randomly selected. Administration of Levan Diet in this study was 2 times (breakfast, lunch or dinner) per day, 11tablets per 1times. Statistical method for data processing produced mean and SD of total variable. To analyze difference between groups and periods had executed 2? ANOVA. This study was given conclusion as follows: First, systolic blood pressure showed decrease after administration of levan diet in 30-39years, but it was not statistically significant. Second, body weight and %fat gradually decreased according to the application period of levan diet administration in 20-29years and 30-39years, and it was statistically significant (p<.05). Third, blood leptin level and blood lipid levels (TC, TG, LDL-C) showed decrease after administration of levan diet in 20-29years and 30-39years, but it was not statistically significant. In conclusion, this study shows that the administration of levan diet play a positive role as assistant diet. Therfore, levan diet administration should be recommended as ergogenic aids for these who do obese adults.

입력 차원 축소를 이용한 이동 불변 2차 신경망의 효율적 구현

이봉규,조유근 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究 Vol.9 No.1

오류역전파(EBP)학습규칙을 사용하는 1차 다층 퍼셉트론은 구조의 단순함과 우수한 문제 해결능력으로 최근 패턴 인식 분야에서 많은 관심을 끌고 있다. 그러나 EBP를 사용하는 1차 다층 퍼셉트론이 위치 이동에 무관하게 패턴 집합을 구별하기 위해서는 많은 양의 변형된 형태들을 학습해야 한다. 따라서 위치 불변 패턴 인식에 사용하기 어렵다. 더욱이 1차 다층 퍼셉트론은 많은 패턴을 학습하고도 새로운 패턴에 대해 단지 80-90%를 인식할 뿐이다. 2차 신경망은 기하학적으로 관련있는 2개 픽셀의 비선형 조합을 입력으로 가지는 다층 신경망이다. 따라서 2차 신경망은 패턴의 한 변형만을 학습하여 위치 불변인식을 할 수 있다. 그러나 2차 신경망은 위치 이동만을 고려하더라도 입력 노드 수가 O(N²)로 증가하기 때문에 구현이 어렵다. 또한 학습 및 인식시간이 많이 소요되는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 2차 신경망이 가지는 문제점인 입력노드수의 기하급수적인 증가 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 입력의 픽셀 조합과 주성분 분석을 이용하여 위치 불변 2차 신경망의 입력 노드수를 O(N²)에서 N보다 적게 축소하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 위치 불변 2차 신경망를 입력 패턴 차원 N에 대해서 (2*N)/5개의 입력 노드로 구현하기 때문에 2차 신경망 입력 노드수의 기하급수적 증가를 해결할 수 있다. 또한 학습과 인식시간을 향상시켰다. 구현된 2차 신경망은 위치 이동된 한글 명조체 990자에 대한 실험에서 축소되지 않은 것에 비해서 대등한 인식율을 보이면서 인식 및 학습시간을 단축시키는 결과를 보였다. 1st-order Multi-layer perceptrons using EBP(Error Back Propagation) learning rule have attracted a great deal of interest recently in the field of pattern recognition, because of it's simplicity and superior problem solving capabilities. But, because 1st-order Multi-layer perceptrons must be trained on a large subset of transformed views to learn to distinguish between a set of patterns independent of their position, they can hardly be used for shift invariant pattern recognitions. Moreover, even after extensive training with large training set, they usually achieve only 80-90% recognition capabilities on novel examples. 2nd-order neural network is a multi-layer network that has inputs consisting of geometrically related nonlinear combinations of two pixels. So, 2nd-order neural networks need to be trained on just one transformed view of each pattern for shift invariant recognition. But the number of 2nd-order neural network input nodes increase in proportion to O(N2), where N is the dimension of the input patterns, even if we only consider shift invariance. This is the major obstacle to actual implementations of 2nd-order neural networks. Also, such large number of input nodes lead to slow learning and recognition. In this paper, as a part of a method to solve the combinatorial explosion of the number of 2nd-order neural network input nodes, we propose a method for reducing the number of shift invariant 2nd-order neural network input nodes from O(N2) to less than N using pattern pixel combinations and PCA(Principal Component Analysis). Because we can implement a shift invariant 2nd-order neural network only with (2*N)/5 nodes using the proposed method, we are able to solve the combinatorial explosion of input nodes. Also, we improve the learning and recognition time of the network. The implemented 2nd-order neural network showed similar recognition rates to the unreduced network in experiments using 990 shifted Hangul Mungjo characters while decreasing the learning and recognition time.

학습장애를 가진 초등학교 남학생의 자아상 개념과 우울-불안 특성 조사

신성웅,김봉수,성덕규,정영,유희정,조수철 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2001 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.12 No.1

학습장애를 가진 86명의 초등학교 남학생과 52명의 정상적인 초등학교 남학생의 자아상과 우울,그리고 상태-특성 불안에 관하여 피어스-해리스 자아상 척도, 소아우울척도(이하 CDI), 상태-특성불안 척도(이하 STAI)를 이용하여 조사하였다. 피어스-해리스 자아상 척도의 총점에서는 두 군 사이에 차이가 발견되지 않았으나, 지적 및 학업 상태 항목과 신체적 외모, 행복과 만족 소척도에서는 두 군 사이에 의미 있는 차이가 관찰되었다. 소아우울척토의 총점과 그 소척도 중 부적합함, 무쾌감증, 부정적인 자기 존중 항목에서 학습장애 아동이 정상 아동보다 더 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 상태불안은 정상 아동보다 학습장애 아동에서 높게 보고되었으나 특성 불안에 대해서는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 정상 아동에서는 나이에 따른 자아상과 우울척도, 불안척도의 의리 있는 변화가 관찰되지 않았으나, 학습장애 아동에서는 피어스-해리스 자아상 척도와 그 소척도의 대부분이 통계적으로 의미 있게 감소하였고, 소아우울척도의 부정적 감정과 무쾌감증, 부정적 자기 평가, 상태 불안, 특성 불안 등은 연령과 의미 있는 양의 상관관계를 나타내어서 학년이 올라갈수록 자아상은 저하되고 우울과 불만은 느끼는 강도와 범위가 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 두 군 모두에서 소아우울척도는 피어스-해리스 자아상 척도의 총점과 그 소척도들과 의미 있는 역의 상관관계를 나타내었고, 상태불안과 특성불안과는 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 조사 결과 학업과 관련된 자아상의 문제와 자신이 남들과 당당히 맞설 수 있는 자신감의 문제가 학습장애에서 더 많이 나타났고, 나이가 들수록 자아상이 저하되며 불안과 우울은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 회귀분석 결과 학습장애 아동의 자아상을 설명하는 변수들로는 나이와 자아상 척도의 행동문제, 지적 및 학업상태, 불안, 인기도, 행동과 만족, 그리고 소아우울척도의 부적합함, 대인관계문제, 부정적 자기-존중 및 상태 불안인 것으로 드러나서 학습 장애 아동의 자아상은 학업 문제와 자신을 또래와 비교하여 겪는 스트레스로 인해 부정적인 영향을 받는다는 것이 확인되었다. 결론적으로 학습장애를 가진 초등학교 남학생은 정상 초등학교 남학생보다 자아상이 낮고 우울과 불안을 더 많이 느끼며, 이런 차이는 학년이 올라갈수록 커졌다. 학습장애에서 우울증과 불안 장애가 많이 동반되기 때문에 임상에서 학습장애 아동을 치료할 때 정서 장애의 동반 여부를 확인하고 이를 적극적으로 치료하는 것이 중요한 과제이다. 중심단어 : 학습장애 ㆍ 자아상 ㆍ 상태-특성 불안 ㆍ우울증. We investigated the self-concept, subjective depression, and state-trait anxiety of the school boys with learning disabilities (abbr. LD, n=86) and compared them with normal boys (n=52) using Piers-Harris Self-Concept Inventory, Child Depression Inventory (abbr. CDI), and State-Trait Anxiety In-ventory (abbr. STAI). With regard to Piers-Harris Self-Concept Inventory total scores, there was no significant difference between two groups, but normal boys showed higher scores in intellectual and school status, physical appearance, and happiness-satisfaction subscales than patients with LD. The male patients with LD showed significantly higher ratings in CDI total scores, and CDI subscales - ineffectiveness, anhedonia, negative self-esteem than normal children. The patients with LD reported significantly higher state anxiety, but not trait anxiety. Correlation analyses revealed that self-concept decreased over time, and depression-anxiety increased across grades in the patients with LD, but not in normal children. Especially, negative mood, anhedonia, negative self-esteem subscales of CDI, and state-trait anxiety showed significant positive correlation with grades. In both groups, CDI scores were inversely correlated with Piers-Harris Self-Concept and positively with State-Trait anxiety. In conclusion, self-concept problems which were related with school achi-evement and self-esteem were more abundant in the patients with LD than normal children, self-image problem, depression and anxiety increased across grades. According to regression analysis, age, behavior subscale, intellectual - school status, anxiety, popularity, happiness- satisfaction, CDI-ineffectiveness, interpersonal problem, negative self-esteem, and state anxiety could explain the self-concept in the patients with LD, not in normal children. So, the self-concept of the patients with LD were found to be related to the school achievement and stress when comparing with peers. In conclusion, elementary school boys with LD showed lower self-concept, higher depression and anxiety, and these differences increased across grades. Since the patients with LD have concomitant depression and anxiety disorders, it is important that comorbidity with emotional problems should be explored and managed properly. KEY WORDS : Learning disability ㆍ Self-concept State ㆍ trait anxiety ㆍ Depression.

프레탈^(R)정(실로스타졸 50mg)에 대한 실로졸^(R)정의 생물학적 동등성

최한곤,권기철,이승호,김학미,박병주,유봉규,이종달,이경희,하정희,우종수,박인숙,최진석,용철순 한국병원약사회 2003 병원약사회지 Vol.20 No.1

Bioequivalence of two cilostazol tablets, the Pletaal^(R)(Korea Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and the Cilozol^(R)(Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), was evaluated according to the guideline of KFDA, Sixteen normal male volunteers(age 20~29 years old) were divided into two groups and a randomized 22 cross-over study was employed. After two tablets containing 50㎎ of cilostazol were orally administered. blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of cilostazol in plasma was determined with an HPLC method using UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters(C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t)) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of parameters. The results showed that the differences in C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) between two tablets were 4.99%, 1.74% and 7.68%, respectively. The powers(1-β) for C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) were83.92%, 80.12% and 85.03%, respectively. Detectable differences(Δ) and confidence intervals were all less than 20%, and confidence interval of all the parameters were also less than 20% at the significance level(α) of 0.05. All of these parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Cilozol^(R) tablet is bioequivalent to Pletaal^(R) tablet.

프레탈정 (실로스타졸 100mg)에 대한 실로스탄정 (한국유나이티드 제약)의 생물학적 동등성

용철순,이경희,최진석,박병주,정세현,김용일,박상만,유봉규,이종달,최한곤 한국병원약사회 2003 병원약사회지 Vol.20 No.2

Bioequivalence of one cilostazol tablets, the Pletaal^(R)(Korea Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Cilostan^(R)(Korea united Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), was evaluated according to the guideline of KFDA. Sixteen normal male volunteers(age 20~30 years old)were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 100㎎ of cilostazol were orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of cilostazol in plasma was determined with an HPLC method using UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters(C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t)) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of parameter. The results showed that the differences in C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) between one tablet were 16.08%, 18.88% and 17.57%, respectively. The powers (1-β) for C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) were 85.03%, 83.92% and 80.12%, respectively. Detectable differences(Δ) and confidence intervals were all less than 20%, and confidence interval of all the parameters were also less than 20% at the significance level(α) of 0.05. All of these parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Cilostan^(R) tablet is bioequivalent to Pletaal^(R) tablet.

아세클로페낙 연질캡슬(클란자 에스 연질캡슬)의 개발

용철순,이경희,최진석,박병주,정세현,김용일,박상만,배명수,김귀자,김영식,유창훈,강성룡,유봉규,이종달,최한곤 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.1

To develop and aceclofenac soft capsule, four preparations with various solubilizers were prepared and their dissolution test was carried out. Among four preparations tested, a preparation with ethanolamine was selected a formula of aceclofenac soft capsule (Clanza S^(™), since it showed the fastest dissolution rate. Bioequivalence of aceclofenac tablet, Airtal^(™)(Dae-Woong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and aceclofenac soft capsule, Clanza S^(™)(Korea United Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was evaluated according to the guideline of KFDA. Fourteen normal male volunteers (age 20-25 years old) were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After oral administration of one tablet or capsule containing 100 ㎎ of aceclofenac, blood ws taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of aceclofenac in plasma wa determined with an HPLC method under UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters (C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t)) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC_(t), C_(max) and T_(max) between Airtal tablet and Clanza soft capsule were 2.89%, 0.18% and 43.0%, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.250(e.g.log(0.81) - log(1.23) and log(0.89) - log(1.14)) for AUC_(t) and C_(max), respectively. Thus, the criteria of the KDFA guidelines for the equivalence was satisfied, indicating that Clanza S^(™) soft capsule is bioequivalent to Airtal^(™) tablet.

Learnings from Generic Substitution in US and Suggestions to Korean Food and Drug Administration

Bong Kyu Yoo 大韓藥學會 2003 大韓藥學會 總會 및 學術大會 Vol.2003 No.1

Need for community pharmacy residency program

YOO Bong Kyu 大韓藥學會 2012 大韓藥學會 總會 및 學術大會 Vol.2012 No.1