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외환위기 이후 국내 간접금융의 구조적 변화와 향후 과제
구본성 ( Bon Sung Gu ) 한국금융연구원 2007 금융연구 Vol.21 No.S
외환위기 이후 은행을 중심으로 한 간접금융시장은 우호적인 거시경제적 환경과 안정성 중심의 정책, 건전성 중심의 경영기조를 통해 지속적인 증가세를 시현하였다. 간접금융시장의 구조적 변화는 가계금융을 통한 금융서비스의 균형, 중소기업금융의 확대, 건전성 및 수익성 개선을 통한 금융안정성의 회복을 들 수 있다. 한편 은행을 중심으로 한 간접금융시장은 저금리 기조 또는 정책기조의 변화 등에 따라 안정성이 저해될 소지도 있다. 이에 따라 향후 간접금융시장은 성장성 또는 급속한 위험다변화에 비해 건전성 및 안정성 중심의 여건이 긴요할 것이다. 이와 관련하여 안정성 중심의 경영, 관계형 및 자본연계형 기업금융의 강화, 금융유통기능의 지속적 확대가 요구된다. After the financial crisis the volume and proportion of bank financing has consecutively grown as a result of low interest rate, risk-focused management and macroeconomic stability. Given the favourable market conditions, the Korean banks first could quickly balance out the overall structure of services by extending into mortgages, credit cards and personal loans, etc. And Korean banks could consecutively broaden credit opportunities and availability for small and medium-sized firms as the dis-intermediation of large corporations has continued owing to improved earnings and massive re-capitalization efforts. Especially, stable earning streams from loan growth and falling non-performing loans helped Korean banks to rebuild market stability and profitability successfully. However, the financing roles of banks in Korea is more likely to diminish as the market interest rate may turn to rise or if the government policy becomes more focused on deepening capital market and enhancing securities businesses. Moreover, the financial soundness of the Korean banking sector may weaken in the long term marginally if the market liquidity may squeeze. Therefore, it will be crucial for both Korean banks and the regulatory authorities to maintain the stability and soundness of banking system rather than broadening risk-taking activities through business diversification and expansions. Therefore, the Korean banks will need to strengthen risk management of all loan portfolios and to reduce earnings volatilities through cross-selling and advisory services for households. For corporate customers the Korean banks have to try to tighten relationship banking services and consider offering capital-market products gradually either through strategic partnership or non-bank subsidiaries.